A hybrid energy transmission pipeline is proposed with the aim of long-distance cooperative transmission of electricity and chemical fuels, which is composed of an inner high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power ca...A hybrid energy transmission pipeline is proposed with the aim of long-distance cooperative transmission of electricity and chemical fuels, which is composed of an inner high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable and outer liquefied natural gas (LNG) pipeline. The flowing LNG could maintain the operating temperature of the inner HTS power cable within the range of 85 K-90 K, thus the Bi-2223 superconductors in the HTS power cable produce little Joule loss with the transmission current below the critical current. Owing to the advantages of high power density, low transmission losses and economical manufacturing costs, the hybrid energy transmission pipeline is expected to be widely utilized in the near future. In order to ensure the safety of the HTS power cable and explosive LNG in case of short-circuit faults, this paper tests and analyzes the characteristics of Bi-2223 HTS tapes of the Type HT-CA, Type HT-SS and Type H models under short-circuit current impacts at the LNG cooling temperature (85 K-90 K). An experimental platform is designed and established for the ampacity tests of HTS tapes above LN2 cooling temperature (77 K). The AC over-current impact tests at 85 K-90 K are carried out on each sample of Bi-2223 tapes respectively, and the experimental results are analyzed and compared to evaluate their performances under different operating conditions. The results indicate that the Type HT-CA tape can withstand 50 Hz short-circuit current impact with the amplitude of 1108 A (10 times of critical current Ic ) for 100 ms at 90 K, and its resistance is the smallest of the three tested samples under similar current impacts. Therefore, the Type HT-CA Bi-2223 tape is the optimal superconductor of the HTS power cable in the hybrid energy transmission pipeline.展开更多
In this study,structural theory was used to examine the geometric configuration of channels embedded inside an object in the presence of internal heat generation for cooling by a heat transfer mechanism.The growth and...In this study,structural theory was used to examine the geometric configuration of channels embedded inside an object in the presence of internal heat generation for cooling by a heat transfer mechanism.The growth and development of gas transmission lines and the lack of up-to-date integrated information systems have made the design and maintenance of pipelines,as well as the handling of problems caused by various accidents in the pipeline,very complex in many cases.Using accurate descriptive and spatial information in tolls on gas transmission line maps such as pipes,booster stations,valves,and forks in a spatial reference database can engage planners,operators,and paramedics in a variety of management.They are used to help in the direction of optimal and purposeful management.Therefore,in this paper,by considering appropriate laboratory conditions and numerical experiments and calculations,it is possible to determine the optimal attraction of duct holes for cooling components of the gas transmission system,so that the industry can produce and developed gas transmission without incident.In this study,in addition to studying the geometric characteristics of channel spacing and their length,the dimensions of a specific channel for reducing the maximum produced temperature are also discussed.展开更多
This study reviews the development of Baosteel＇ s pipeline steel over the last 20 years. Energy demand accelerates the development of high-grade pipeline steel as well as modem petroleum and natural gas pipeline cons...This study reviews the development of Baosteel＇ s pipeline steel over the last 20 years. Energy demand accelerates the development of high-grade pipeline steel as well as modem petroleum and natural gas pipeline construction. Pipeline steel is a kind of typical modem microalloyed steel produced via thermo-mechanical controlled processing. The development process of pipeline steel at Baosteel represents the course of the technological progress of pipeline steel in China. In the last two decades, Baosteel＇ s pipeline steel has been developed from a single product of hot- rolled strips to a variety of products including hot-rolled strips, heavy plates, high-frequency electric resistance welded （HFW） pipes and U-ing-O-ing-Expanding （UOE） welded pipes. Moreover, the proportion of the HFW and the UOE welded pipes has been increasing year by year. UOE longitudinal submerged arc welding （SAW） pipes have become the leading product of strategic significance in Baosteel＇ s pipeline steel family. Over the last 20 years, Baosteel＇ s pipeline steel products have shifted from ＂ferrite ＋ pearlite＂ X52 to ＂acicular ferrite＂ XT0 and X80, and Baosteel has developed hydrogen-induced cracking （HIC） resistant pipeline steel. Baosteel＇ s pipeline steel products have been applied in variety of geographical areas,including deserts, Gobi, mountains,plains as well as the ocean. And both the X100 and the X120 ultra high strength pipeline steels have been produced on a trial basis. Baosteel has accumulatively produced 6.5 Mt of pipeline steel for both domestic and overseas projects. Baosteel will continue strengthening its strategic cooperation with oil companies, and conducting research on ultra high strength pipeline steel, pipeline steel for strain-based design and submarine pipeline steel,etc. , so as to meet the need of construction in the future.展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Project under Grant(2018YFB0904400).
文摘A hybrid energy transmission pipeline is proposed with the aim of long-distance cooperative transmission of electricity and chemical fuels, which is composed of an inner high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable and outer liquefied natural gas (LNG) pipeline. The flowing LNG could maintain the operating temperature of the inner HTS power cable within the range of 85 K-90 K, thus the Bi-2223 superconductors in the HTS power cable produce little Joule loss with the transmission current below the critical current. Owing to the advantages of high power density, low transmission losses and economical manufacturing costs, the hybrid energy transmission pipeline is expected to be widely utilized in the near future. In order to ensure the safety of the HTS power cable and explosive LNG in case of short-circuit faults, this paper tests and analyzes the characteristics of Bi-2223 HTS tapes of the Type HT-CA, Type HT-SS and Type H models under short-circuit current impacts at the LNG cooling temperature (85 K-90 K). An experimental platform is designed and established for the ampacity tests of HTS tapes above LN2 cooling temperature (77 K). The AC over-current impact tests at 85 K-90 K are carried out on each sample of Bi-2223 tapes respectively, and the experimental results are analyzed and compared to evaluate their performances under different operating conditions. The results indicate that the Type HT-CA tape can withstand 50 Hz short-circuit current impact with the amplitude of 1108 A (10 times of critical current Ic ) for 100 ms at 90 K, and its resistance is the smallest of the three tested samples under similar current impacts. Therefore, the Type HT-CA Bi-2223 tape is the optimal superconductor of the HTS power cable in the hybrid energy transmission pipeline.
基金The article was prepared as part of the state task“Research and development of complex energy-saving and thermoelectric regenerative systems”Application No.2019–1497,Subject No.FZWG-2020-0034.
文摘In this study,structural theory was used to examine the geometric configuration of channels embedded inside an object in the presence of internal heat generation for cooling by a heat transfer mechanism.The growth and development of gas transmission lines and the lack of up-to-date integrated information systems have made the design and maintenance of pipelines,as well as the handling of problems caused by various accidents in the pipeline,very complex in many cases.Using accurate descriptive and spatial information in tolls on gas transmission line maps such as pipes,booster stations,valves,and forks in a spatial reference database can engage planners,operators,and paramedics in a variety of management.They are used to help in the direction of optimal and purposeful management.Therefore,in this paper,by considering appropriate laboratory conditions and numerical experiments and calculations,it is possible to determine the optimal attraction of duct holes for cooling components of the gas transmission system,so that the industry can produce and developed gas transmission without incident.In this study,in addition to studying the geometric characteristics of channel spacing and their length,the dimensions of a specific channel for reducing the maximum produced temperature are also discussed.
文摘This study reviews the development of Baosteel＇ s pipeline steel over the last 20 years. Energy demand accelerates the development of high-grade pipeline steel as well as modem petroleum and natural gas pipeline construction. Pipeline steel is a kind of typical modem microalloyed steel produced via thermo-mechanical controlled processing. The development process of pipeline steel at Baosteel represents the course of the technological progress of pipeline steel in China. In the last two decades, Baosteel＇ s pipeline steel has been developed from a single product of hot- rolled strips to a variety of products including hot-rolled strips, heavy plates, high-frequency electric resistance welded （HFW） pipes and U-ing-O-ing-Expanding （UOE） welded pipes. Moreover, the proportion of the HFW and the UOE welded pipes has been increasing year by year. UOE longitudinal submerged arc welding （SAW） pipes have become the leading product of strategic significance in Baosteel＇ s pipeline steel family. Over the last 20 years, Baosteel＇ s pipeline steel products have shifted from ＂ferrite ＋ pearlite＂ X52 to ＂acicular ferrite＂ XT0 and X80, and Baosteel has developed hydrogen-induced cracking （HIC） resistant pipeline steel. Baosteel＇ s pipeline steel products have been applied in variety of geographical areas,including deserts, Gobi, mountains,plains as well as the ocean. And both the X100 and the X120 ultra high strength pipeline steels have been produced on a trial basis. Baosteel has accumulatively produced 6.5 Mt of pipeline steel for both domestic and overseas projects. Baosteel will continue strengthening its strategic cooperation with oil companies, and conducting research on ultra high strength pipeline steel, pipeline steel for strain-based design and submarine pipeline steel,etc. , so as to meet the need of construction in the future.
