印度尼西亚油气产业的发展与改革

长期以来,印尼一直是东南亚首屈一指的产油大国,也是全球最大液化天然气生产国之一,在全球能源市场占有重要地位。由于对老油田进行无限度开采,对勘探新油田的工作不太重视,加上近年印尼与西方跨国公司之间在油气方面的合作充满坎坷,导致印尼石油产量不断下降,石油供给增长乏力。印尼政府正在积极重组石油产业,配合发展天然气产业链,对油气产业管理体制与产业政策进行调整与改革,努力保持油气大国的地位。

考虑碳排放量的穿梭油轮路径绿色调度优化

海上穿梭油轮在深远海及海上边际油田的石油外输系统中担任着重要角色,其路径规划决定着整个石油外输系统运输效率。海上原油运输方式占整个原油运量的80%,为提高原油公司市场竞争力、降低其海运成本,对穿梭油轮船队的合理设计及路径的调度优化至关重要。近年来,学者更注重于研究建立一种与环境共生的、能促进经济和消费生活健康发展的绿色物流系统。基于此,提出一种穿梭油轮路径绿色调度优化模型。该模型以最小化穿梭油轮的航运总成本为目标,其中航运总成本由传统的固定运输成本与碳排放有关的可变成本两部分组成。所提模型还同时优化了穿梭油轮船队设计以及航行路线规划。通过案例分析及方案的成本对比,验证了航行速度选择对穿梭油轮航运成本的重要作用。

The Outline of the OPEC Conference Simulation

This paper covers the positive features of a simulation and provides the outline of the OPEC （The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries） Conference Simulation that was held with the 3rd-year students of the Department of World Economy and International Relations of National Research University ＂Higher School of Economics＂. The paper describes the three stages of the simulation at length. The purpose of the simulation was to give students an opportunity to see the market forces at work with the concrete example and to give them hands-on experience in negotiating and decision-making. After the simulation students completed a survey, the results of which were quantitatively analyzed and are described in the paper. Face-to-face interviews with the students were also conducted and the findings are available below. The students learnt their strengths and weaknesses when performing in public, they were able to use their theoretical knowledge in practice and that helped them to understand it better.