Overview on Routes for Development of China's Petroleum Refining Technology

China has formed a complete and packaged system of domestic petroleum refining industry. Till 2020 the demand for petroleum products in China will record a sharp growth. However, China is currently confronted with a shortage of oil resources, unsatisfactory quality of petroleum products, a widening gap between demand and supply of steam cracking feedstocks, and a stern situation in environmental protection.In this context the petroleum refiners of China, while taking into account the actual conditions, should seek for the way of deep processing to produce transportation fuels and chemical feedstocks that can hardly be replaced by other energy forms, continue to bring into full play FCC process as core process for making finished oil products, speed up the development of hydrocracking to achieve integration between refining and chemical production, adopt measures that can combine feedstock pre-treatment, novel FCC technologies and after-treatment of products to improve the quality of finished products, as well as realize the recycling of wastewater and control over air pollution caused by SOx to accelerate the development of petroleum processing industry in China.

Problems Confronting China’s Petroleum Refining Industry During the High Oil Price Period and Suggestions

This article has suggested that high oil price could loom many years in the future and has analyzed the impact of this trend on the oil product mix and petroleum refining industry in China. This article has also put forward measures for sharpening the international competitive edge of China’s petroleum refining indus- try to cope with the challenges of high oil price.

Review on the Trend for Development of World's Petroleum Refining Industry

This article introduces the situation related with the increasingly deteriorating crude quality, the demand for cleaner transportation fuels and clean production processes that the world＇s petroleum refining industry is faced with. This article also suggests that the trend for future development of global refining industry is focused on the economy of scale for the refineries and the oil processing units, the refining structure readjustment, integration of the oil refining and chemical production and formation of oil refining bases. The oil refining industry will uninterruptedly rectify its industry allocation and processing unit configuration and strive for the reduction of production cost through technical progress and management innovations to reduce the production cost, boost the profitability and sharpen the market competitive edge.

Value Source of Integrated Refining/Chemical Plant

Based on an integrated refining/chemical plant processing 15 Mt/a of crude and manufacturing 1.0 Mt/a of ethylene under the guideline of＂engaging in refining, olefins and aromatics by whatever appropriate means＂ to maximize the overall value of the integrated refining/chemical plant, it is necessary to concentrate on working on the flow diagram and the solution for mutual supply of materials between the refinery and ethylene plant. After analyzing the feedstock slate, the composition and properties of products, it is proposed to optimize the integrated refming/chemical plant in order to reduce investment and operating cost to realize maximization of the value of the integrated plant.

Progress and Outlook on Technologies for Processing Inferior Crude Oil in China

The recent growth of the global petroleum refining industry and the main technologies and measures for China to process inferior crude oil were introduced. The main technologies and measures include the control over equipment corrosion induced by sour and acidic crude, in particular the corrosion of atmospheric and vacuum distillation units, the development of technology for processing inferior residue, and the development of desulfurization technology and sulfur recovery technology in the course of processing of petroleum products. In order to meet the needs for national economic development, China’s refining enterprises will uninterruptedly develop and prefect technologies for processing inferior crude, enhance the process and equipment management, sum up the experience for better processing of inferior crude, so as to provide high-quality oil products and petrochemical feedstocks to public with better economic return.

Trial Production of Needle Coke at Shanghai Petrochemical Company

Needle coke is the starting material for manufacture of premium graphite electrode,which at present cannot be produced by SINOPEC and even other domestic refining enterprises so that the carbon producing plants inside China have to import a significant amount of high-quality needle coke every year.

RIPP Works on Crude Formulation Technique to Grapple with Refiners' Tough Problems

Currently ＂The Crude Formulation Technique＂ developed by the SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing（RIPP） has passed the technical review sponsored by the Sinopec Corp.This technique by means of adopting the advanced algorithm on the basis of the crude assay data bank and the large crude spectroscopic database can intelligently blend together different kinds of crude oils to obtain multiple crude formulations, the quality of which is quite close to the target crude in a bid to provide technical support to the refining enterprises in the area of crude procurement and sustained property stabilization of crude oils pro-cessed thereby.

Successful Application of Hydrocracking Technology Aimed at Prodigiously Boosting Jet Fuel Yield

Recently ＂the hydrocarcking technology aimed at prodigiously boosting jet fuel yield along with improvement of tail-oil quality＂developed by the SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing（RIPP） has been successfully applied in commercial scale on the 2.0 Mt/a hydrocracking unit at the SINOPEC Yanshan Branch Company, resulting in implementation of triple functions, viz.： boosting the jet fuel yield, reducing the diesel fuel output and improving the tail-oil quality. This technique has brought about obvious economic and environmental benefts, which can provide a mate-rial basis to bridge the demand gap in jet fuel supply at the new Beijing Airport and will serve as a good ex-ample of SINOPEC’s efforts in the area of transforma-tion of production mode, structure adjustment, product quality upgrading and enhancement of economic ben-efts at the refning enterprise.

Top 10 Largest Companies in the World

The world’s 500 largest companies generated US$31.2trillion in revenues in 2014,up 0.49 percent year-on-year,while their profits declined 14.76 percent year-on-year to US$1.67 trillion A total of 106 Chinese companies made it into this year’s Fortune Global 500 list,up from 100 in 2014, according to the annual ranking released in late July 2015.

Chemical speciation,bioavailability and risk assessment of potentially toxic metals in soils around petroleum product marketing company as environmental degradation indicators

The study aims at investigating chemical speciation,bioavailability and risk assessment of some selected metals in soils around refined petroleum depot using the concentrations of the metals as variables to ascertain the impacts of the activities within the petroleum depot.Surface-soils(0e15 cm)were collected from within the premises of Pipelines and Product Marketing Company,Ibadan,Nigeria,while control samples were collected at 200 m away from the study location.Electrical conductivity and pH were measured using a calibrated dual purpose meter,while elemental analysis was done using Atomic absorption spectroscopy analytical technique.The results showed that the soils exhibited low ecological risk;minor enrichment for Mn,moderately severe enrichment for Ni and Co,severe enrichment for Cr and extremely severe enrichment for Pb,Zn and Cd.There was low contamination factor for Pb,Ni,Mn,Cr,Co,and Fe and moderate contamination by Zn and Cd.Geo-accumulation index results indicated unpolluted with Ni,Mn,Cr,Co,and Fe,unpolluted to moderately polluted with Pb and Zn and moderately to strongly polluted with Cd.Inter-element clustering results indicated chemical affinity and/or similar genetic origin among the elements.Speciation analysis suggested that Fe,Co,Cr,Cd,and Ni occurred in the residual fraction;Pb,and Zn in the carbonate fraction,while Mn have its highest percentage in the Fe eMn oxides fraction.Percentage mobility and bioavailability showed that most of the metals are immobile and non-bioavailable.Study concluded that the oil-impacted soils were contaminated with most of the metals,but with low ecological risk.