Hydrocarbon accumulation and orderly distribution of whole petroleum system in marine carbonate rocks of Sichuan Basin,SW China

Based on the situation and progress of marine oil/gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin,SW China,the whole petroleum system is divided for marine carbonate rocks of the basin according to the combinations of hydrocarbon accumulation elements,especially the source rock.The hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of each whole petroleum system are analyzed,the patterns of integrated conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon accumulation are summarized,and the favorable exploration targets are proposed.Under the control of multiple extensional-convergent tectonic cycles,the marine carbonate rocks of the Sichuan Basin contain three sets of regional source rocks and three sets of regional cap rocks,and can be divided into the Cambrian,Silurian and Permian whole petroleum systems.These whole petroleum systems present mainly independent hydrocarbon accumulation,containing natural gas of affinity individually.Locally,large fault zones run through multiple whole petroleum systems,forming a fault-controlled complex whole petroleum system.The hydrocarbon accumulation sequence of continental shelf facies shale gas accumulation,marginal platform facies-controlled gas reservoirs,and intra-platform fault-and facies-controlled gas reservoirs is common in the whole petroleum system,with a stereoscopic accumulation and orderly distribution pattern.High-quality source rock is fundamental to the formation of large gas fields,and natural gas in a whole petroleum system is generally enriched near and within the source rocks.The development and maintenance of large-scale reservoirs are essential for natural gas enrichment,multiple sources,oil and gas transformation,and dynamic adjustment are the characteristics of marine petroleum accumulation,and good preservation conditions are critical to natural gas accumulation.Large-scale marginal-platform reef-bank facies zones,deep shale gas,and large-scale lithological complexes related to source-connected faults are future marine hydrocarbon exploration targets in the Sichuan Basin.

Characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation model of Paleogene whole petroleum system in western depression of Qaidam Basin,NW China

Based on the oil and gas exploration in western depression of the Qaidam Basin,NW China,combined with the geochemical,seismic,logging and drilling data,the basic geological conditions,oil and gas distribution characteristics,reservoir-forming dynamics,and hydrocarbon accumulation model of the Paleogene whole petroleum system(WPS)in the western depression of the Qaidam Basin are systematically studied.A globally unique ultra-thick mountain-style WPS is found in the western depression of the Qaidam Basin.Around the source rocks of the upper member of the Paleogene Lower Ganchaigou Formation,the structural reservoir,lithological reservoir,shale oil and shale gas are laterally distributed in an orderly manner and vertically overlapped from the edge to the central part of the lake basin.The Paleogene WPS in the western depression of the Qaidam Basin is believed unique in three aspects.First,the source rocks with low organic matter abundance are characterized by low carbon and rich hydrogen,showing a strong hydrocarbon generating capacity per unit mass of organic carbon.Second,the saline lake basinal deposits are ultra-thick,with mixed deposits dominating the center of the depression,and strong vertical and lateral heterogeneity of lithofacies and storage spaces.Third,the strong transformation induced by strike-slip compression during the Himalayan resulted in the heterogeneous enrichment of oil and gas in the mountain-style WPS.As a result of the coordinated evolution of source-reservoir-caprock assemblage and conducting system,the Paleogene WPS has the characteristics of“whole process”hydrocarbon generation of source rocks which are low-carbon and hydrogen-rich,“whole depression”ultra-thick reservoir sedimentation,“all direction”hydrocarbon adjustment by strike-slip compressional fault,and“whole succession”distribution of conventional and unconventional oil and gas.Due to the severe Himalayan tectonic movement,the western depression of the Qaidam Basin evolved from depression to uplift.Shale oil is widely distributed in the central lacustrine basin.In the sedimentary system thicker than 2000 m,oil and gas are continuous in the laminated limy-dolomites within the source rocks and the alga limestones neighboring the source kitchen,with intercrystalline pores,lamina fractures in dolomites and fault-dissolution bodies serving as the effective storage space.All these findings are helpful to supplement and expand the WPS theory in the continental lake basins in China,and provide theoretical guidance and technical support for oil and gas exploration in the Qaidam Basin.

Advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area, Tarim Basin

Located in the middle of the Tarim Basin, Tazhong is a typical area of compound reservoirs rich in oil and gas found in the Carboniferous, Silurian and Ordovician strata. The proved, probable and possible reserves （3P reserves） in the area amount to 5×108 tons, so it is of great significance to study the advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area. On the basis of exploration history and analysis of scientific problems, we outline eight achievements： distribution characteristics of reservoirs, stages of reservoir formation, different sources of oil and gas and their respective contributions, the effective regional caprock and reservoir-caprock combinations dominating the vertical distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs, the control of the Tazhong Palaeo-uplift on reservoir formation and establishing geologic models, structure balance belts influencing the reconstruction and residual potential of reservoirs after accumulation, the rules and mechanisms of fractures controlling oil and gas, and the types of favorable reservoirs and their characteristics of controlling oil and gas distribution. We further point out the main problems about the oil and gas exploration in the Tazhong area and put forward some relevant proposals.

Geological factors associated with unsuccessful exploration wells in the northern margin of the Qaidam basin

We investigated the geological factors associated with unsuccessful exploration wells in the northern margin of the Qaidam basin to better understand their cause.The structural situation,the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism and unsuccessful well data collected from 1996 to 2005 were studied.The results show that the main geological factors associated with unsuccessful exploration wells are a lack of effective source rocks and a lack of effective traps,as well as the migration-accumulation conditions that exist in this area.The basin was reformed by Meso-Cenozoic tectonic evolution.Multi-stage tectonic activities have both positive and negative effects on hydrocarbon accumulation.Source rocks distribution,effective migration channels,effective traps and the tectonic evolution effects on hydrocarbons should be the key objects for further studies.

Exploration discovery and hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of the Doseo strike-slip and inverted basin, Chad

Several international oil companies had conducted petroleum exploration, but failed to make any commercially viable discoveries in the Doseo Basin for over 30 years. In this article, an integrated analysis, based on the latest seismic and drilling data combined with exploration practice and tectonic, sedimentary as well as petroleum-geological characteristics of the basin, has been conducted with the aim to disclose the key factors of hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment and then to find the potential petroleum plays. The Doseo Basin in Chad is a Meso-Cenozoic lacustrine rift basin developed on the Precambrian crystalline basement in the Central African Shear Zone. It is a half graben rift controlled by the strike-slip fault at the northern boundary, and can be divided into two sub-basins, an uplift and a slope. The basin experienced two rifting periods in the Cretaceous and was strongly inverted with the erosion thickness of 800–1000 m during the Eocene, and then entered the depression and extinction period. Structurally, a large number of normal faults and strike-slip faults are identified in the basin, and the boundary faults are inverted faults with normal at first. The main structural styles include inverted anticlines, fault noses, complex fault-blocks and flower structures. The Lower Cretaceous is the main sedimentary strata, which are divided into the Mangara Group, Kedeni, Doba and Koumra Formations from bottom to up. Two transgressive-regressive cycles developed in the Lower Cretaceous indicates with mainly lacustrine, fluvial, delta, braided-delta, fan-delta sandstone and mudstone. The effective source rock in the basin is the deep-lacustrine mudstone of the Lower Cretaceous containing the type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ;organic matters. Furthermore, Inverted anticlines and fault-complicated blocks comprise the main trap types and the Kedeni Uplift is the most favorable play, followed by the Northern Steep Slope and Southern Gentle Slope. Lateral sealing capacity of faults controls the hydrocarbon abundance.

Petroleum geology features and research developments of hydrocarbon accumulation in deep petroliferous basins

As petroleum exploration advances and as most of the oil-gas reservoirs in shallow layers have been explored, petroleum exploration starts to move toward deep basins, which has become an inevitable choice. In this paper, the petroleum geology features and research progress on oil-gas reservoirs in deep petroliferous basins across the world are characterized by using the latest results of worldwide deep petroleum exploration. Research has demonstrated that the deep petroleum shows ten major geological features. （1） While oil-gas reservoirs have been discovered in many different types of deep petroliferous basins, most have been discovered in low heat flux deep basins. （2） Many types of petroliferous traps are developed in deep basins, and tight oil-gas reservoirs in deep basin traps are arousing increasing attention. （3） Deep petroleum normally has more natural gas than liquid oil, and the natural gas ratio increases with the burial depth. （4） The residual organic matter in deep source rocks reduces but the hydrocarbon expulsion rate and efficiency increase with the burial depth. （5） There are many types of rocks in deep hydrocarbon reservoirs, and most are clastic rocks and carbonates. （6） The age of deep hydrocarbon reservoirs is widely different, but those recently discovered are pre- dominantly Paleogene and Upper Paleozoic. （7） The porosity and permeability of deep hydrocarbon reservoirs differ widely, but they vary in a regular way with lithology and burial depth. （8） The temperatures of deep oil-gas reservoirs are widely different, but they typically vary with the burial depth and basin geothermal gradient. （9） The pressures of deep oil-gas reservoirs differ significantly, but they typically vary with burial depth, genesis, and evolu- tion period. （10） Deep oil-gas reservoirs may exist with or without a cap, and those without a cap are typically of unconventional genesis. Over the past decade, six major steps have been made in the understanding of deep hydrocarbon reservoir formation. （1） Deep petroleum in petroliferous basins has multiple sources and many dif- ferent genetic mechanisms. （2） There are high-porosity, high-permeability reservoirs in deep basins, the formation of which is associated with tectonic events and subsurface fluid movement. （3） Capillary pressure differences inside and outside the target reservoir are the principal driving force of hydrocarbon enrichment in deep basins. （4） There are three dynamic boundaries for deep oil-gas reservoirs; a buoyancy-controlled threshold, hydrocarbon accumulation limits, and the upper limit of hydrocarbon generation. （5） The formation and distribution of deep hydrocarbon res- ervoirs are controlled by free, limited, and bound fluid dynamic fields. And （6） tight conventional, tight deep, tight superimposed, and related reconstructed hydrocarbon reservoirs formed in deep-limited fluid dynamic fields have great resource potential and vast scope for exploration. Compared with middle-shallow strata, the petroleum geology and accumulation in deep basins are more complex, which overlap the feature of basin evolution in different stages. We recommend that further study should pay more attention to four aspects： （1） identification of deep petroleum sources and evaluation of their relative contributions; （2） preservation conditions and genetic mechanisms of deep high-quality reservoirs with high permeability and high porosity; （3） facies feature and transformation of deep petroleum and their potential distribution; and （4） economic feasibility evaluation of deep tight petroleum exploration and development.

Reservoir Quality and Controlling Mechanism of the Upper Paleogene Fine-Grained Sandstones in Lacustrine Basin in the Hinterlands of Northern Qaidam Basin,NW China

The Upper Paleogene lacustrine fine-grained sandstones in the hinterlands of the northern Qaidam Basin mainly contain two sweet spot intervals.Fracture/fault,microfacies,petrology,pore features,diagenesis,etc.,were innovatively combined to confirm the controlling factors on the reservoir quality of shallow delta-lacustrine fine-grained sandstones.The diagenesis of the original lake/surface/meteoric freshwater and acidic fluids related to the faults and unconformity occurred in an open geochemical system.Comprehensive analysis shows that the Upper Paleogene fine-grained sandstones were primarily formed in the early diagenetic B substage to the middle diagenetic A substage.Reservoir quality was controlled by fault systems,microfacies,burial-thermal history,diagenesis,hydrocarbon charging events(HCE),and abnormally high pressure.Shallow and deep double fault systems are the pathways for fluid flow and hydrocarbon migration.Sandstones developed in the high energy settings such as overwater(ODC)and underwater distributary channels(UDC)provide the material foundation for reservoirs.Moderate burial depth(3000-4000 m),moderate geothermal field(2.7-3.2℃/100 m),and late HCE(later than E3)represent the important factors to protect and improve pore volume.Meteoric freshwater with high concentrations of CO_(2)and organic acids from thermal decarboxylation are the main fluids leading to the dissolution and reformation of feldspar,rock fragments,calcite and anhydrite cements.Abnormally high pressure caused by the undercompaction in a large set of argillaceous rocks is the key to form high-quality reservoirs.Abnormal pressure zones reduced and inhibited the damage of compaction and quartz overgrowth to reservoir pores,allowing them to be better preserved.A reservoir quality evaluation model with bidirectional migration pathways,rich in clay minerals,poor in cements,superimposed dissolution and abnormally high pressure was proposed for the ODC/UDC finegrained sandstones.This model will facilitate the future development of fine-grained sandstone reservoirs both in the Upper Paleogene of the Qaidam Basin and elsewhere.

中国含油气盆地不同构造样式及其油气地质意义

多类型构造样式的控油气作用是油气勘探面临的重要科学问题。基于前人研究认识成果、勘探经验的总结,对中国含油气盆地内不同构造样式的演化及成因模式进行了系统梳理,解析了不同构造样式对油气成藏的控制作用。研究认为:①中国含油气盆地主要发育伸展构造、收缩构造、走滑构造和叠加构造4种构造样式。伸展构造主要控制盆地建造过程,收缩构造、走滑构造主要控制盆地改造过程。②不同构造类型的控油气作用差异明显,伸展构造主要控制盆地烃源岩、有利储集体和盖层等油气聚集成藏要素的发育,收缩构造、走滑构造和叠加构造主要控制油气运移与圈闭条件的演化。③在构造与其他要素复合作用下,断裂自身也可以作为一类储集体,成为油气聚集的空间,这一类断裂油气藏是当前油气勘探的新领域。

四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩全油气系统成藏特征与有序分布规律

基于四川盆地海相油气勘探现状和进展,以主力烃源岩为核心,依据成藏要素组合关系划分四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩全油气系统,并分析各个含油气系统的成藏特征,总结常规-非常规一体化成藏规律,指明未来有利勘探方向。研究认为:(1)受多期伸展-聚敛构造旋回的控制,四川盆地海相发育3套区域性烃源岩和3套区域性盖层,可划分出寒武系、志留系和二叠系3个全油气系统。3个全油气系统以独立成藏为主,单一系统内天然气具有亲缘性。同时,局部地区大型断裂带贯穿多套全油气系统,形成断控复式全油气系统。(2)全油气系统内普遍发育“陆棚相页岩气聚集—台缘相控气藏—台内断-相共控型气藏”的成藏序列,具有立体成藏、有序分布的规律。(3)优质烃源岩是大气田形成的基础,全油气系统内天然气具有近源和源内富集的规律,规模性储层的发育与保持是天然气富集的保障,“多元生烃、油气转化、动态调整”是海相油气成藏的特色,良好的保存条件是天然气成藏的关键。(4)大型台缘带礁滩相带、深层页岩气与通源断裂相关的大型岩性复合体是未来四川盆地海相油气勘探的主要方向。

柴达木盆地西部坳陷古近系全油气系统特征与油气成藏模式

基于柴达木盆地西部坳陷油气勘探实践,结合地震、钻井、测井及地球化学等资料,对柴西坳陷古近系全油气系统基本地质条件、油气分布特征、成藏运聚动力与成藏模式开展研究。研究表明:柴西坳陷发育全球独具特色的“巨厚山地式”全油气系统,围绕古近系下干柴沟组上段烃源岩层系,从盆缘向湖盆中心,平面上构造油气藏、岩性油气藏、页岩油与页岩气有序分布、纵向上叠置连片。柴西坳陷古近系全油气系统具有3方面独特性:(1)低有机质丰度烃源岩“低碳富氢”,单位有机碳生烃能力强;(2)咸化湖盆沉积巨厚,坳陷中心沉积以混源为主,岩相与储集空间纵横向变化快;(3)喜马拉雅期走滑挤压强改造,山地式全油气系统油气差异富集。柴西坳陷古近系全油气系统是源储盖与输导体系协调演化的结果,具有低碳富氢烃源岩全过程生烃、巨厚储集体全坳陷沉积、挤压走滑断裂体促进油气全方位调整、常规-非常规油气全系列分布的特征。受控于喜马拉雅期强构造运动影响,柴西坳陷经历了先拗后隆的演化过程,在湖盆中心发育广义页岩油,在超过2 000 m厚度的沉积体系中,油气连续分布于烃源岩层系内的薄层状灰云岩与紧邻生烃灶的藻灰岩中,白云石晶间孔、纹层缝与断溶体是有效储集空间。相关认识可进一步丰富和发展中国陆相湖盆全油气系统理论,并为柴达木盆地油气综合勘探提供理论指导与技术支持。

柴达木盆地干柴沟地区勘探突破及启示

柴达木盆地西部干柴沟地区历经60余年勘探未获重大油气发现。2019年以来,通过强化山地三维地震勘探技术攻关和深化高原咸化湖相混积型碳酸盐岩成储、成藏研究,油气勘探终获突破,发现了古近系下干柴沟组构造油气藏,同时英雄岭页岩油和湖相碳酸盐岩岩性油气藏勘探也展现出良好前景。研究成果主要得益于以下几点:①高品质三维地震资料揭示干柴沟地下构造形态,发现东翼发育断背斜,为油气聚集提供了有利圈闭条件;②大面积咸化湖相混积碳酸盐岩具备储集能力,碎屑岩、湖相碳酸盐岩和膏盐岩层在纵、横向上均呈有序分布,构成了良好的生-储-盖组合;③基于全油气系统理论,认为研究区常规油气(源外)和非常规油气(源内)立体成藏。剖析干柴沟地区油气勘探历程发现:①地震勘探技术进步是干柴沟复杂构造区地下构造圈闭得以落实和油气地质特征得以揭示的基础;②干旱咸化湖盆发育的大面积混积碳酸盐岩不仅是烃源岩而且具备储集能力,这一认识拓展了勘探领域,是勘探取得突破的关键;③全油气系统理论的引入,推动油气勘探向源内拓展,揭示了英雄岭页岩油的良好勘探前景。

柴达木盆地柴西坳陷古近系-新近系石油地质特征与油气环带状分布模式

柴达木盆地柴西坳陷古近系-新近系石油资源丰富,常规石油与页岩油分别占全盆地常规石油资源的82.4%和非常规页岩油资源的100%。通过研究沉积储层与石油地质特征,剖析柴西坳陷古近系-新近系沉积相和油气成藏特征,提出了油气环带状分布模式。研究认为:①柴西坳陷古近系-新近系沉积相带呈“环带状”分布。外环带为三角洲与滩坝相,以碎屑岩沉积为主,碳酸盐岩沉积较少,发育砾岩、含砾粗砂岩和中-粗砂岩储层。中环带以滨浅湖灰云坪、灰泥坪相沉积为主,发育细砂岩、粉砂岩、灰云岩及藻灰岩,藻灰岩是中环带最具特色且孔隙度最高的岩相类型。内环带以半深湖-深湖相细粒混积岩沉积为主,发育深灰、暗灰色细粒沉积岩,是古近系-新近系最主要的烃源岩发育区。②不同沉积相环带内油藏类型不同。外环带距离生烃灶较远,油气经断层输导在砾岩、粗砂岩等碎屑岩中聚集,形成构造油气藏。中环带紧邻主力生烃灶,油气经断层输导在藻灰岩等碳酸盐岩储层中储集,形成构造-岩性油气藏。内环带油气短距离运移或原位滞留在细粒混积岩中源-储一体,形成页岩油。柴西坳陷从源外到源内,构造-岩性油气藏与页岩油纵向上相互叠置,平面上构造油气藏、构造-岩性油气藏与页岩油呈环带状分布。

柴北缘地区层序格架下的沉积特征

中国中西部含油气沉积盆地大多具有前陆盆地层序组合特征,可以识别出前陆层序和非前陆层序。柴达木盆地柴北缘层序地层格架主要包括非前陆层序的侏罗系和古近系以及前陆层序的新近系。通过井剖面层序分析结合有限的地震剖面,可以对柴达木北缘侏罗系划分7套III级层序。古近系—第四系划分11套III级层序。侏罗系属于非前陆期沉积,新近系属于前陆期沉积。通过柴北缘地区层序框架下沉积特征的解剖,表明柴北缘地区非前陆期遗迹化石以缺氧环境化石群为主,沉积相以河流-湖沼体系为特征。前陆期遗迹化石以陆相氧化河湖相环境化石群为主,湖退体系域(RST)冲积扇-河流三角洲-滨浅湖相沉积体系非常发育。柴达木盆地的沉积层序表现为受构造强烈活动和气候变化的影响,强烈活动期潮湿气候下层序表现为山前带发育进积式准层序组,凹陷区形成退积式准层序组。干旱气候配合下的层序表现为多物源更加明显,山前带沉积物供应更加迅速,且沉积中心迁移强烈。

柴达木盆地北缘构造控藏特征与油气勘探方向

柴北缘油气成藏特征及油气分布受构造控制明显,但由于构造体系复杂,因此油气成藏主控因素及主要勘探方向不明。研究表明,由于柴北缘缺乏主要滑脱层,在晚新生代强烈挤压与走滑调整的控制下主要发育基底卷入式构造,形成上、下构造层变形相对一致的"破碎型"构造体系。柴北缘油气成藏条件、晚新生代两期成藏及其与构造形成时间的匹配关系决定了古近纪继承性古构造是油气运聚的有利部位,而喜山晚期构造调整使得油气分布复杂化,古构造发育、晚期改造强度与烃源岩演化、充注成藏的匹配关系决定了古近纪继承性古构造向凹陷延伸的侧翼部位是柴北缘油气勘探的有利部位,应坚持"破碎型"构造体系中相对稳定区的油气勘探。

柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系有效烃源岩特征及油气聚集规律

柴达木盆地北缘地区具有典型的前陆盆地特征,已发现的油气田多集中在冷湖—南八仙构造带。为了拓展勘探局面,对该盆地北缘地区有效烃源岩特征以及油气运聚规律进行了研究。通过分析野外露头及钻井取心样品的地球化学特征,明确了侏罗系烃源岩的有利分布区;在对冷湖—伊北、德令哈两大主力生烃凹陷烃源岩生烃潜力分析的基础上,预测该区侏罗系天然气的资源量为4 903.4×108 m3。对油气运聚规律的研究结果表明:①该区自下而上发育有基岩古潜山、侏罗系、古近系、新近系等4套储盖组合,有自生自储、下生上储、下生侧上储、源外等4种源储组合;②在经历晚燕山期和喜马拉雅期的多次构造运动后,形成了以中下侏罗统为烃源岩,以基岩、侏罗系、古近—新近系为储集层的下生上储、自生自储和源外成藏等多种模式的油气藏;③断层、渗透性砂体及不整合面是该区油气运移的重要通道,而断裂活动、岩石破裂以及构造运动是油气运聚的主要动力。

柴北缘马海-大红沟凸起油气成藏模式与有利勘探目标

柴北缘马海 -大红沟凸起油气成藏模式可概括为 :深部为早期原生成藏 ,长期充注模式 ,具有多期 (至少两期 )油气运移成藏特征 ;浅部为早期排烃聚集 ,晚期次生成藏模式 ,具有晚期一次成藏的特征。古凸起区的两大构造运动、两套断裂体系所对应的圈闭形成期和成藏期是形成两种不同类型油气藏的关键。绿南山前构造带、马海 -黄泥滩构造带、南八仙 -东陵丘背斜带。

中国西部复杂叠合盆地油气成藏研究进展与问题

中国西部复杂叠合盆地富集了中国45%左右的剩余油气资源,目前探明率不到20%,发展潜力巨大。近20年来的基础理论研究表明,中国西部复杂叠合盆地具有"多期构造变革、多套生储盖组合、多旋回油气成藏、多次调整改造"的油气地质特征,大油气田的形成和分布受"古隆起迁移、烃源灶演化、区域盖层发育、构造平衡带叠合"四大要素的控制,在此基础上提出了"多元复合—过程叠加"的成藏模式和有利勘探区预测方法,为塔里木盆地的油气勘探进一步指明了方向。除四大要素外,复杂油气藏的形成和分布还受"圈闭发育分布"、"储层发育分布"、"优势通道形成演化"、"运聚动力条件"及其相互耦合关系的控制,在已有成果的基础上进一步开展"复杂油气藏形成演化机制与分布规律"的基础研究,对于进一步提高钻探成效和发展叠合盆地油气勘探理论具有重大的现实意义。

中国南方海相油气勘探前景

对南方海相构造-层序-油气系统的综合研究表明,南方海相地层发育5套区域性主力烃源岩和多套局域性烃源岩(下寒武统、下志留统、中二叠统、上二叠统、下三叠统),烃源岩热演化程度的不均一性决定了南方下古生界以天然气勘探为主,上古生界为油气勘探兼顾。印支及其以后的改造运动对南方海相及中新生代盆地的含油气性控制起到主要作用,叠合盆地中、晚期形成的油气系统最具勘探潜力。原生及次生油气藏的分布主要受生烃有利相带和古隆起、古斜坡的控制。环扬子陆块叠合盆地群、苏北—南黄海南部盆地以及江南隆起北缘冲断推覆体下海相地层保存区将是南方海相油气勘探的重点。

柴达木盆地油气地质特征与有利勘探领域

柴达木盆地是我国七大含油气盆地之一,具有较丰富的油气资源,勘探潜力与难度并存。该盆地经历了晚古生代、中生代和新生代3个成盆旋回,中生代断坳复合盆地形成了柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系油气系统,新生代大型走滑挤压盆地形成了柴达木盆地西部第三系油气系统和三湖第四系天然气系统,燕山和喜山2期强烈构造运动使柴北缘侏罗系油气系统高度复杂化,新生代单旋回古气候演化与多期构造运动使湖盆演化、烃源岩和沉积储层发育特征、成藏条件与油气分布规律变得十分特殊和复杂。认为应围绕柴西第三系富油凹陷和三湖第四系富气凹陷,加强石油和天然气勘探,同时加大柴北缘东段德令哈新区风险勘探力度,为实现战略突破创造条件。

膏盐岩对异常高压形成与分布的控制——以柴达木盆地狮子沟地区为例

异常高压在一定程度上影响和控制油气藏的分布,膏盐岩的发育与异常高压的分布存在明显的对应关系。通过对柴达木盆地狮子沟地区膏盐岩发育特征的详细研究,结合实测和计算地层压力资料对该区地层压力分布规律进行分析,探讨膏盐岩和地层压力的关系。研究表明,狮子沟地区膏盐岩纵向上具有四种沉积序列,横向上与砂岩呈"此消彼长"的关系,与泥岩呈"同增同涨"的关系。该区地层压力纵向上表现出分段特征:常压段、增压段和强压段。这种分段性在膏盐岩不发育的区域没有发现。狮子沟地区异常高压横向范围覆盖了膏盐岩的发育范围,地层压力系数随着膏盐岩厚度的变薄而减小。因此,膏盐岩对异常高压的分布具有明显的控制作用,其沉积脱水、致密性、塑性、流动性、高热导率等性质是促使异常高压形成的根本原因。