Identification and epitope mapping of anti-p72 single-chain antibody against African swine fever virus based on phage display antibody library

African swine fever virus(ASFV)is a lethal pathogen that causes severe threats to the global swine industry and it has already had catastrophic socio-economic effects.To date,no licensed prophylactic vaccine exists.Limited knowledge exists about the major immunogens of ASFV and the epitope mapping of the key antigens.As such,there is a considerable requirement to understand the functional monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)and the epitope mapping may be of utmost importance in our understanding of immune responses and designing improved vaccines,therapeutics,and diagnostics.In this study,we generated an ASFV antibody phage-display library from ASFV convalescent swine PBMCs,further screened a specific ASFV major capsid protein(p72)single-chain antibody and fused with an IgG Fc fragment(scFv-83-Fc),which is a specific recognition antibody against ASFV Pig/HLJ/2018 strain.Using the scFv-83-Fc mAb,we selected a conserved epitope peptide(221MTGYKH226)of p72 retrieved from a phage-displayed random peptide library.Moreover,flow cytometry and cell uptake experiments demonstrated that the epitope peptide can significantly promote BMDCs maturation in vitro and could be effectively uptaken by DCs,which indicated its potential application in vaccine and diagnostic reagent development.Overall,this study provided a valuable platform for identifying targets for ASFV vaccine development,as well as to facilitate the optimization design of subunit vaccine and diagnostic reagents.

Construction of Large Human Single-chain Antibody Phage Display Library

A large human naive single chain antibody (scFv) library is constructed from 60 healthy donors via phage display technique. During the period, some methods are employed to optimize the diversity, such as multi donors, different annealing temperature, half nest PCR, and assembly by two way fusion PCR. In this study, 78 electroporations resulted in 1010 library, diversity of which is assayed by enzyme fingerprint. The efficiency and diversity are all better than other researches.

Staphylococcus aureusβ-hemolysin-neutralizing single-domain antibody isolated from phage display library of Indian desert camel

Objective:To isolate and characterize Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)β-hemolysinneutralizing dAbs from phage display library of Indian desert camel.Methods:Phage display library of 5×10 dAb clones of LPS-immunized Indian desert camel constructed in our laboratory was used for selection of S.aureus exotoxin-specific clones by panning technique.Enrichment of Ag-specific clones in successive rounds of panning was assessed by phage-ELISA and phage titration.Different dAb clones binding to S.aureus exotoxin Ags were expressed with C-terminal 6×His tag in E.coli and purified by Ni-chelate chromatography.The expression was verified by SDS-PAGE and western blotting.The purified clones were tested for inhibition of ’hot-cold’ hemolytic activity in vitro.Resistance to thermal inactivation of the dAb clones was studied by observing the effect of heat treatment from 50℃to 99℃for 30 min on the ’hot-cold’ hemolytic activity in vitro.Results:Several dAb clones binding to S.aureus exotoxins were isolated and enriched by three rounds of panning.The soluble dAb clones were approximately～16 kDa in size and reacted with 6×His tag specific murine monoclonal antibody in western blot.One of the Ni-chelate affinity purified dAb.6×His clones,inhibited S.aureusβ-hemolysin activity in vitro and resisted thermal inactivation upto 991.Conclusions:An S.aureusβ-hemolysinneutralizing dAb clone of possible therapeutic potential has been isolated.

Rapid Selection of Phage Se-scFv with GPX Activity via Combination of Phage Display Antibody Library with Chemical Modification

Glutathione peroxidase（GPX） plays an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species. A series of catalytic antibodies with GPX activity have been generated by the authors of＇ this study. To obtain humanized catalytic antibodies, the phage-displayed human antibody library was used to select novel antibodies by repetitive screening, Phage antibodies, scFv-B8 and scFv-H6 with the GSH-binding site, were obtained from the library by enzyme-linked immu- nosorbent assay（ELISA） analysis with 4 rounds of scelection against their respective haptens, S-2,4-dinitriphenyl t-butyl ester（GStI-s-DNP-Bu） and S-2,4-dinit,-iphenyl t-hexyl ester（GSH-s-I）NP-He）. Nevertheless, several studies need to be condueted to determine whether scFv-B8 and seFv-tI6 possess GPX activity. 1＇o enhance the speed of the selection, selenocysteine（Sec, the catalytic group of GPX） was incorporated directly into the phages, scFv-B8 and seFv-H6, by chemical mutation to form the phages Se-scFv-B8 and Se-scFv-H6. The GPX activities were found to be 3012 units/μmol and 2102 units/μmol, respectively. To improve the GPX activity of the phage Se-scFv-B8, DNA shuffling was used to construct a secondary library and another positive phage antibody scFv-B9 was screened out by another panning against GSH-s-DNP-Bu. When Sec was incorporated via chemical mutation into the phage antibody scFv-B9, its GPX activity reached 3560 units/μmol, which is 1.17-fold higher than the phage antibody Se-scFv-B8 and almost approached the order of magnitude of native GPX. The rapid selection is the prerequisite for generating humanized Se-seFv with GPX activity.

Screening of scFvs against cTnI from Phage Display Antibody Library and Their Expression in E.coli Rosetta

The single chain variable fragments of antibodies(scFvs) against cTnI were screened from the phage display antibody library by using cTnI as the target antigen. After four rounds of panning, four clones(H2, G5, A9, B9) from the phage display antibody library were verified to show higher binding affinity for cTnI by ELISA and to contain the variable region genes of the light and heavy chains of scFvs by sequencing. The variable region genes of scFvs H2 and G5 were successfully amplified by polymerase chain reactions(PCR) and cloned into expression vector pPELB and expressed as a soluble protein in E.coli Rosetta, whose expression yield was about 2% of total proteins. The expressed proteins were purified by nickel(Ni) affinity chromatography and a single band is shown in the position of 28 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The western blot analysis result verifies that the expressed scFv proteins are capable of binding with monoclonal antibodies against hexa-histidine, indicating that they are hexa-histidin-tagged aim proteins. The immunoassay demonstrates that the expressed scFv proteins are able to specifically react with cTnI molecules. The association constant(K_A) values range from 1.2×10 4 to 1.7 ×10 5 L/mol that are correspondent to the affinities of polyclonal antibodies against cTnI from rabbits. These antibodies can be valuable reagents for the immunoassay of cTnI.

Screening for a human single chain Fv antibody against epitope on amyloid-beta 1-40 from a human phage display library

Amyloid-beta peptides （Aβ） are believed to be .responsible for the mental decline in patients with Alzheimer＇s reported that pathology in vaccination disease （AD）. In 1999, Schenk et all immunization with Aβ attenuated AD-like the PDAPP mouse, and developed a new approach to AD. Such vaccines were successfully tested in mouse models of AD for the reduction of Aβ plaque burden and the improvement of cognitive performance. However, 6% of AD patients developed symptoms of brain inflammation after vaccination that resembled enceohalitis or meningitis.

Isolation by phage display and characterization of a single-chain antibody specific for O^6-methyldeoxyguanosine

New approaches of making single chain Fv antibodies against O6-methyl-2’ -deoxyguanosine (O6MdG) have been demonstrated by using the phage antibody display system. Using O6MdG as an antigen, 21 positive clones were identified by ELISA from this library, one of which, designated H3, specifically binds to O6MdG with high affinity. The H3 scFv antibody has an affinity constant (Kaff) of 5.94×1011(mol/L)-1. H3 scFv has been successfully used to detect O6MdG in DNA hydrolyses from yeast or E. coli cells treated with a DNA methylating agent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the selection of a specific scFv against DNA adducts. The results demonstrate the potential applications of the phage display technology for the detection of DNA lesions caused by mutagens and carcinogens.

Screening and evaluation of human single-chain fragment variable antibody against hepatitis B virus surface antigen

BACKGROUND: Phage display technology has become a vital tool in studies aimed at identifying molecules binding to a specific target. It enables the rapid generation and selection of high affinity, fully human antibody product candidates to essentially any disease target appropriate for antibody therapy. In this study, we prepared the recombinant single-chain fragment variable ( ScFv) antibody to hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) by the phage display technology for obtaining a virus-targeting mediator. METHODS: mRNA was isolated from B-lymphocytes from a healthy volunteer and converted into cDNA. The fragment variables of heavy and light chain were amplified separately and assembled into ScFv DNA with a specially constructed DNA linker by polymerase chain reaction. The ScFv DNA was ligated into the phagmid vector pCANT-AB5E and the ligated sample was transformed into competent E. coli TG1. The transformed cells were infected with M13K07 helper phage to form a human recombinant phage antibody library. The volume and recombinant rate of the library were evaluated by bacterial colony count and restriction analysis. After two rounds of panning with HBsAg. the phage clones displaying ScFv of the antibody were selected by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay ( ELISA) from the enriched phage clones. The antigen binding affinity of the positive clone was detected by competition ELISA. HB2151 E. coli was transfected with the positive phage clone demonstrated by competition ELISA for production of a soluble form of the anti-HBsAg ScFv. ELISA assay was used to detect the antigen binding affinity of the soluble anti-HBsAg ScFv. Finally, the relative molecular mass of soluble anti-HBsAg ScFv was measured by SDS-PAGE. RESULTS: The variable heavy ( VH ) and variable light (VL) and ScFv DNAs were about 340bp, 320bp and 750bp, respectively. The volume of the library was up to 2 × 106 and 8 of 10 random clones were recombinants. Two phage clones could strongly compete with the original HBsAb for binding to HBsAg. Within 2 strong positive phage clones, the soluble anti-HBsAg ScFv from one clone was found to have the binding activity with HBsAg. SDS-PAGE showed that the relative molecular weight of soluble anti-HBsAg ScFv was 32 kDa. CONCLUSION: The anti-HBsAg ScFv successfully produced by phage antibody technology may be useful for broadening the scope of application of the antibody.

Schistosoma japonicum: construction of phage display antibody library and its application in the immunodiagnosis of infection

Background A monoclonal antibody would be an effective tool for the detection of circulating antigens in the serum of patients with schistosomiasis, but the traditional way of producing monoclonal antibodies is not cost-effective. The objective of this study was to find a new method for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies against Schistosoma japonicum (Sj).Methods A phage display antibody library for Sj was constructed. To obtain a single-chain variable fragment antibody (scFv) against Sj, the library was screened with metabolic antigens from adult Sj worms (Sj-MAg) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The soluble scFvs select ed were used to detect Sj antigens in the serum of acute and chronic schistosomiasis patients.Results Six positive clones with good reactivity to Sj-MAg were obtained from the phage display antibody library of about 1.07×10 6 individual clones. Only two of these six clones bound specifically to Sj-MAg and were chosen for further analysis. Specific soluble anti-Sj-MAg scFvs were produced by inducing the 2 clones with isopropyl-D-thiogalactopyranoside. The characteristics of the scFvs were then determined. The results of Western blot showed that these scFvs could bind to Sj-MAg specifically an d had a molecular weight of about 31 kD. When testing serum from schistosomiasis patients with one of the two specific scFvs, its sensitivity was found to be 60% and 37% in acute and chronic patients, respectively, with a specificity of 90%. When the two specific scFvs were combined, their sensitivity was found to be 75% and 57% in acute and chronic patients, respectively, with a specificity of 85%.Conclusions The results indicate that the scFvs are potentially useful for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. The library construct ion also provides a useful tool for the further screening of other antibodies for both diagnostic and immunotherapeutic applications and for epitope analysis and vaccine design.

Single Chain Fragment Variables Antibody binding to EGF Receptor in the Surface of MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell Line: Application and Production Review

In this review, single-chain fragment variable construction using phage-display technology as a promising anticancer immunotherapy technology is described. Cloning and the specific bio-panning selection with phage display technology, as well as the use of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at the surface of MCF-7 cells as the antigen for the straightforward specific selection of single chain Fvs, are discussed. Moreover, phage display technologies and their application are important for vaccine production and immunotherapy against viruses and cancers. Furthermore, expression of the gene will cause the production and expression of the protein in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, which can be used to detect anti-cancer single chain fragment variables (scFvs). Finally, homology modelling is described to show the three-dimensional scFv structure that verifies the Complementary-Determining-Regions (CDRs) on the surface of the model.

A Co-expression System Based on Phage and Phagemid to Select Cognate Antibody-antigen Pairs in vivo

A modified selectively infective phage (SIP) is developed to facilitate the selection of interacting antibody antigen pairs from a large single chain antibody (scFv) library in vivo. The system is constructed with a modified helper phage M13KO7 and phagemid pCANTAB 5 E. The antigen fused to the C terminal of N1 N2 domain and the scFv to the N terminal of CT domain of the gIIIp of filamentous phage are encoded on the phage and phagemid vectors respectively. The phages produced by co transformants restore infectivity via interaction between antigen and antibody fusions in the cell periplasm. In a model system, the scFv fragment of the anti hemagglutinin 17/9 antibody and its corresponding antigen are detected in the presence of a 10 5 fold excess of a non interacting control pairs, which demonstrates this system to be very sensitive and facile to screen a large single chain antibody library.

Identification of a gene engineering antibody against cystic echinococcosis in liver

OBJECTIVE: To identify a gene engineering antibody against cystic echinococcosis in liver. METHODS: A single chain of variable fragment of human antibodies (ScFvs) was selected from the library by using affinity selection technique with the recombinant antigen on solid surface. The positive clones were demonstrated by ELISA and their DNA sequences were also determined. RESULTS: The DNA sequence data showed that the antibody gene is composed of 768bp. In addition, a specific combination capacity with recombinant Echinococcus granulosus antigen B (r-EgB) was demonstrated by ELISA. CONCLUSION: The obtained gene engineering antibody against r-EgB may have potential implications in immunological treatment and drug targeting delivery.

丙型肝炎病毒非结构蛋白4A人源单链可变区抗体的筛选与鉴定

目的利用噬菌体表面展示技 术,从半合成人源化单链可变区抗体库中筛选、鉴定丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)非结构蛋白NS4A 的单 链可变区抗体(ScFv)及其编码基因,为抗HCV的细胞内免疫基因治疗研究开辟新途径。方法采用噬菌体表面展示技术,以重组的HCV非结构蛋白NS4A为包被抗原,从噬菌体单链可变区抗体库中经过3轮“吸附-洗脱-扩增”筛选过 程,获得抗原结合活性较强的HCV NS4A人单链可变区抗体片段阳性克隆,并对其 进行免疫学活性及编码基因序列测定。结果筛选得到 的ScFv片段具有抗HCV NS4A的特异性,编码基因符合人源化单链可变区抗体编码基因的特 点。结论利用噬菌体抗体库技术,成功获得HCV NS4A的特异性人抗体,为进一步研究HCV NS4A的生物学功能及细胞内免疫抗HCV基因治疗方 案奠定基础。

乙肝病毒核心抗原人源单链可变区抗体的筛选

目的 筛选、鉴定乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)核心抗原 (HBcAg)蛋白的人源单链可变区抗体 (ScFv)的编码基因 ,为细胞内表达小分子单链抗体的研究及抗HBV的基因治疗研究奠定基础。方法 采用噬菌体表面展示技术 ,以HBcAg蛋白为固相抗原 ,从噬菌体单链可变区抗体半合成库中经过 5轮“吸附 -洗脱 -扩增”筛选过程 ,获得抗原结合活性较强的HBcAg人源单链可变区抗体阳性克隆 ,并对其进行免疫检测及序列测定。结果 筛选得到的ScFv片段编码基因为 771nt,编码的产物由 2 5 7个氨基酸残基组成 ,具有典型的轻链和重链可变区结构特点以及与HBcAg结合的特异性。结论 利用噬菌体抗体库技术成功地获得了HBcAg人源单链可变区抗体的编码基因 ,并获得了可溶性单链抗体的表达。

丙型肝炎病毒非结构蛋白 3人源单链可变区抗体的筛选与鉴定(英文)

目的筛选、鉴定抗丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV)非结构蛋白 NS3的人单链可变区抗体 (Sc Fv) ,以解决人体内应用鼠单抗时的免疫原性问题 ,为进行抗 HCV的基因治疗研究开辟新途径。方法采用噬菌体表面展示技术 ,以重组的 HCV非结构蛋白 NS3为固相抗原 ,从噬菌体单链可变区抗体库中经过 5轮“吸附 -洗脱 -扩增”筛选过程 ,获得抗原结合活性较强的 HCVNS3人单链可变区抗体的阳性克隆 ,并对其进行免疫检测及序列测定。结果筛选出来的 Sc Fv片段具有抗 NS3的特异性。证实利用噬菌体抗体库技术 ,可以成功地获得 HCV NS3人单链抗体 Sc Fv的编码基因。结论筛选获得了 HCV非结构蛋白 NS3的特异性单链抗体的编码基因。

人源抗狂犬病毒单链抗体库的构建及体外亲和筛选

目的 :构建人源噬菌体展示单链抗体 (scFv)库 ,筛选抗狂犬病毒特异性、高亲和力的scFv。方法 :应用重组噬菌体抗体技术 ,从经狂犬病毒WISTARPM株疫苗免疫者的外周血淋巴细胞中 ,分离并构建scFv基因。将其克隆入噬粒载体pCANTAB 5E中 ,转化于大肠杆菌TG1,通过辅助噬菌体M13K0 7援救构建噬菌体单链抗体库。采用狂犬病毒Vero疫苗亲和富集法 ,淘选阳性重组噬菌体 ,经鉴定后对其进行序列分析。用竞争ELISA ,初步检测重组scFv的特异性抗原结合活性。结果 :成功地构建了库容量约为 7× 10 8抗狂犬病毒噬菌体scFv库 ,筛选到 1株新的抗狂犬病毒的scFv S12。结论 :噬菌体展示scFv库的成功构建及人源抗狂犬病毒特异性scFv的获得 ,为进一步研制抗狂犬病毒的高特异性。

日本血吸虫未成熟卵单链抗体库的构建、筛选及初步应用

运用噬菌体展示技术构建日本血吸虫未成熟虫卵可溶性抗原(SIEA)单链抗体(scFv)表达文库,以天然分子候选疫苗SIEA26～28ku为靶抗原筛选SIEA单链抗体库,获得特异性单链抗体.并将该scFv基因亚克隆至原核高效表达载体PET32a,诱导SIEA26～28ku特异性scFv大量表达.随后以此为探针筛选日本血吸虫尾蚴cDNA文库,以期获得SIEA26～28ku天然分子候选疫苗相关的编码基因.结果显示,所获得的SIEA26～28ku特异性scFv,表达量高,采用该探针初步筛选出相关基因核糖体蛋白S4.SIEA26～28ku特异性scFv的获得,为进一步筛选、分析鉴定抗日本血吸虫病天然分子候选疫苗SIEA26～28ku的编码基因奠定了基础.

抗大肠癌噬菌体单链抗体的筛选及初步鉴定

应用 3种方法 (肿瘤细胞膜表面和胞内、裸鼠体内和组织切片 ) ,从全人源化的抗大肠癌噬菌体初级抗体库中筛选肿瘤特异性的噬菌体单链抗体 (Sc Fv) .在肿瘤细胞经过 3轮亲和选择 ,回收结合胞膜和内化进入胞内的噬菌体 ,得到抗肿瘤噬菌体单链抗体的富集倍数为 430倍 ;荷瘤裸鼠体内注入初级抗体库后 ,在不同时刻点处死裸鼠 ,回收肿瘤组织内的噬菌体 ,其回收率在 2 4 h时最高 ;初级抗体库与大肠癌组织切片亲和选择后 ,从冰冻组织切片上比从石蜡组织切片上回收得到的噬菌体高出约 1 .6倍 .从上述方法挑选单克隆 ,经 ELISA筛选抗大肠癌阳性噬菌体克隆株 ,分离得到 5个对大肠癌细胞反应较好的单克隆噬菌体单链抗体 .进一步用细胞 ELISA检测对各种肿瘤细胞的特异性反应 ,其中 4个对大肠癌细胞有很好的特异性 ,1个克隆对所有肿瘤细胞均有反应 .因此 ,3种方法用于筛选抗大肠癌噬菌体初级抗体库是有效的 ,具有推广和应用价值 .

从半合成噬菌体抗体库筛选抗狂犬病毒人单链抗体

目的 应用纯化的狂犬病毒抗原从半合成噬菌体抗体库中筛选针对狂犬病毒的人单链抗体(ScFv)。方法 用固相化的狂犬病毒抗原对半合成抗体库进行 3轮“吸附 洗脱 扩增”的筛选 ,从第 3轮洗脱下来的克隆中获得一株有可溶性表达且特异性结合狂犬病毒抗原的ScFv ,并进行基因序列测定。结果 所获氨基酸序列经blast数据库搜索 ,与一种抗狂犬病毒免疫球蛋白的氨基酸序列同源性最高 ( 82 % )。经检索kabat数据库 ,发现其轻、重链可变区分别属于VkⅠ型、VHⅢ型。结论 从噬菌体抗体库可以方便快捷地分离到针对狂犬病毒的单链抗体 。

人源噬菌体抗体对Peroxiredoxin Ⅰ高表达肺腺癌细胞增殖的抑制作用

背景与目的:研究表明过氧化物酶Peroxiredoxin Ⅰ(Prx Ⅰ)与癌症的发展有密切关系。我们已通过噬菌体展示技术构建了肺腺癌相关的人源单链抗体库。本研究对该库进行筛选,得到抗Prx Ⅰ肺腺癌单链抗体,并检测其对肺腺癌细胞A549增殖的抑制作用。方法:PCR法检测TG1中scFv基因插入率,1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定Sfi Ⅰ和Not Ⅰ双酶切质粒的结果,以A549细胞及在肺癌中高表达的抗氧化蛋白Prx Ⅰ为靶抗原分别对抗体库进行3轮筛选富集。将阳性克隆用IPTG诱导表达并进行检测。放射性核素计数法测定细胞单链抗体内摄水平,MTT法及流式细胞术检测单链抗体对A549细胞的增殖抑制和凋亡情况,免疫印迹法检测抗体作用A549细胞后Prx Ⅰ的表达水平。结果:scFv基因插入率为77%,双酶切鉴定检测到目的条带。在亲和筛选过程中,肺腺癌单链抗体得到富集,收获率逐轮提高,第6轮为第1轮的180倍。ELISA法检测到在随机选取的10个克隆中,有6个与A549细胞呈阳性反应,阳性率60%。SDS-PAGE及ELISA检测证实得到人源抗PrxI肺腺癌单链抗体。被A549细胞内摄的单链抗体介导了细胞的凋亡以及细胞内Prx Ⅰ蛋白表达水平的下降。结论:从噬菌体抗体库中筛选获得具有较高特异性的抗Prx Ⅰ肺腺癌单链抗体。单链抗体与肺腺癌细胞有特异性亲和力,并能有效抑制其增殖。