Countermeasures and Suggestions for Strengthening Human Resource Management in China’s Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To provide reference and enlightenment for the development of human resource management in China’s pharmaceutical industry and to put forward some suggestions to promote the further development of pharmaceutical industry.Methods The method of literature review was used to analyze the current situation and existing problems of human resource management in China’s pharmaceutical industry.Results and Conclusion Only by continuously improving the human resource management skills and innovating management methods can pharmaceutical enterprises achieve long-term benefits with sustainable development.The formulation of human resource management strategy in pharmaceutical industry must be conducive to the realization of the business goals of enterprises.To achieve this overall goal,the human resources management department of enterprises must make the plan from a strategic perspective,formulate talent strategic planning which serves the overall strategic goal of the enterprise.As a result,human resource management will play an important role in the development of China’s pharmaceutical industry.

The Development and Experience of American Pharmaceutical Industry Associations and Its Enlightenment to China

Objective To study the development history and current situation of pharmaceutical industry associations in the United State and to provide reference for China’s pharmaceutical industry associations.Methods Literature research and comparative study were used to investigate the development history and current situation of pharmaceutical associations in the United States.Then,their characteristics and experiences were summarized.Some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for the existing problems of pharmaceutical associations in China.Results and Conclusion The institutional environment of pharmaceutical associations in the United States is relatively good,reflecting the characteristics of emphasizing process management and neglecting entrance management with and the help of public supervision.At the same time,the government advocates market competition by adhering to the market-oriented services for the public.American pharmaceutical industry associations have strong innovation capacity and perfect credit system.Drawing on the experience of pharmaceutical industry associations in the United States,China should strengthen the construction of pharmaceutical industry associations.Firstly,the supervision mechanism should be improved.Secondly,these associations should have good partnerships with the government and offer the public the best services.Finally,the fund-raising mechanism of pharmaceutical industry associations should be optimized to ensure the innovative development of the pharmaceutical industry.

Research on the Influence of Government R&D Funding and Enterprise R&D Investment on the Innovation Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To study the effect of government R&D funding and enterprise R&D input on innovation efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical industry.Methods Based on the inter-provincial panel data of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2009 to 2019,the stochastic frontier analysis method was used to study the influence of government R&D funding and enterprise R&D input on the innovation efficiency.Results and Conclusion With 1%increase in government R&D funding,the innovation efficiency of enterprises will increase by 0.122%.When R&D investment increases by 1%,innovation efficiency will increase by 0.169%.Both government R&D funding and enterprise R&D investment promote the innovation efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises,but the increase of enterprise R&D investment contributes more to the improvement of pharmaceutical innovation efficiency.

Spatio-temporal evolution of the coordinated development of high-tech industry agglomeration and resource-environmental carrying capacity in the Yellow River Basin

Under the background of new infrastructure,the Yellow River Basin’s superior growth cannot be separated originating with the synergistic effect of scientific and technological inventiveness and ecological civilization construction.In light of the coupling coordination analysis of the coordination effect of provincial high-tech industry agglomeration and resource carrying capacity in the Yellow River Basin from 2009 to 2021,The evolution of the geographical and temporal pattern of development was investigated using the Moran index and kernel density estimation.The results show that the agglomeration of high-tech industries in the Yellow River Basin presents a development trend of seek improvement in stability,and there is a good coupling and coordination throughout the progression of scientific and technological innovation and the loading capacity of the resource,from the viewpoint of a time series.From the perspective of spatial pattern distribution,the whole basin aims at the lower reaches,accelerates the optimization of digital industry and promotes Yellow River Basin development of superior quality through innovation support and increase of input,and based on policy guidance.

Leveraging Blockchain with Optimal Deep Learning-Based Drug Supply Chain Management for Pharmaceutical Industries

Due to its complexity and involvement of numerous stakeholders,the pharmaceutical supply chain presents many challenges that companies must overcome to deliver necessary medications to patients efficiently.The pharmaceutical supply chain poses different challenging issues,encompasses supply chain visibility,cold-chain shipping,drug counterfeiting,and rising prescription drug prices,which can considerably surge out-of-pocket patient costs.Blockchain(BC)offers the technical base for such a scheme,as it could track legitimate drugs and avoid fake circulation.The designers presented the procedure of BC with fabric for creating a secured drug supplychain management(DSCM)method.With this motivation,the study presents a new blockchain with optimal deep learning-enabled DSCM and recommendation scheme(BCODL-DSCMRS)for Pharmaceutical Industries.Firstly,Hyperledger fabric is used for DSC management,enabling effective tracking processes in the smart pharmaceutical industry.In addition,a hybrid deep belief network(HDBN)model is used to suggest the best or top-rated medicines to healthcare providers and consumers.The spotted hyena optimizer(SHO)algorithm is used to optimize the performance of the HDBN model.The design of the HSO algorithm for tuning the HDBN model demonstrates the novelty of the work.The presented model is tested on the UCI repository’s open-access drug reviews database.

Research on the Threshold Effect of China’s Pharmaceutical Export Trade on Internal and External R&D Investment

Objective To study the threshold effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for some pharmaceutical enterprises to improve the investment.Methods The panel data of pharmaceutical industry in 25 provinces and cities in China from 2009 to 2019 were selected to conduct empirical analysis by establishing a threshold regression model,and a better export trade interval was obtained.Results and Conclusion There is a threshold value for the effect of new product export on both internal and external R&D expenditures,and the threshold values are 845.2788 million yuan and 318.4198 million yuan,respectively.There is a single threshold effect of export trade on both internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and the effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment changes from negative to positive as the export trade develops from low to high.

Research on the Relationship between Export Orientation and R&D Investment of China’s Pharmaceutical Industry in Different Regions

Objective To study the relationship between export orientation and research and development(R&D)investment so as to provide suggestions and references for improving the R&D investment level and innovation capabilities of pharmaceutical industry due to the progress of globalization and the continuous development of export trade of China’s pharmaceutical industry.Methods The relevant data of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2001 to 2016 was selected to establish an error correction model based on the co-integration theory,and then the Granger causality test was conducted to determine the relationship between the export orientation and R&D investment of China’s pharmaceutical industry in different regions.Results and Conclusion It is found that the export orientation of the pharmaceutical industry in different regions has a significant negative impact on the investment of R&D.Among them,the middle region has the greatest impact,followed by the eastern and western regions.The export orientation of the pharmaceutical industry in the middle region has a lag effect on R&D investment,and the lag phase is two years.

Analytical Methods in Quality Control of Scientific Publications Part IV: Fraud Ordered by the Pharmaceutical Industry

In a series of papers under the common title: “Analytical Methods in Quality Control of Scientific Publications,” cases of undisputable breaches of publication ethics and breaches of acceptable rules in the publication of scientific information have been presented. Clear cases of fraud, falsification by some authors, and unqualified review of papers by reviewers and editors were presented in: Analytical Methods in Quality Control of Scientific Publications, (2012) American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 443-447 DOI:10.4236/ajac.2012.36058. The place of authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher was discussed in: Editorial: Analytical Methods in Quality Control of Scientific Publications Part II: The Authors’, Reviewers’, Editors’ Responsibility, and the Publishers’ Authority, (2013) International Journal of Analytical Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 81-89 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijamsc.2013.12010, Analytical Methods in Quality Control of Scientific Publications Part III: Publishers’ Ethics and Editors’ Com- plicity, (2014) International Journal of Analytical Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 77-102. DOI: 10.4236/ijamsc.2014.23008 and in the book Historical Overview of Chromatography and Related Techniques in Analysis of Antimalarial Drug Primaquine (Editor, Ilia Brondz) Nova Science Publishers, Inc., (2011) ISSN 978-1-61761-944-1. Here, the corrupting influence of the pharmaceutical industry as a customer and employer of pseudoresearchers and corrupt editors and even to corrupt journal publishers for publication of fraudulent information and pseudoscientific data will be discussed by identifying the authors of pseudoscientific publications, the editors who gave the green light for the fraudulent publication, and the pharmaceutical companies involved. Documentation will be given to support the accusations of fabricated fraudulent “scientific” data, and the publication of such data without sufficient revision and sufficient background for publication of papers will be illustrated by discussing the content of papers: “Determination of Quinocide as Impurityin Primaquine Tablets by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis,” Abdalla A. Elbashir et al., (2009) Biomedical Chromatography, Vol. 23, pp. 464-471, published in Wiley Interscience, “Development of a Capillary Electrophoresis Method for the Enantioselective Estimation of Primaquine in Pharmaceutical Formulations,” Abdalla A. Elbashir et al., (2008) Journal of AOAC International, Vol. 91, No. 3, pp. 536-541, “Enantioselective Analysis of Primaquine and Its Impurity Quinocide by Capillary Electrophoresis,” Abdalla A. Elbashir et al., (2009) Biomedical Chromatography, Vol. 23, pp. 295-301, published in Wiley Interscience and other pseudoscientific publications by these teams of pseudoscientists.

Genetic Engineering of Field, Industrial and Pharmaceutical Crops

Ability to modify plants at the genomic level by advanced molecular technology has enhanced the scope of improvements in plant traits attempted earlier through conventional breeding methods. Techniques such as genetic transformation have opened new vistas whereby functional genes, not commonly present in a particular species can be added from other species. The traits incorporated into the genetically engineered plants in the beginning were confined to those governed by dominant genes, e.g. insecticide resistance and herbicide tolerance but advancements with time now also permit the transfer of complexly inherited traits such as drought and cold tolerance. Transgenic technology is also useful in understanding gene expression and metabolic pathways which can then be used to harness the full genomic potential of the plant. This review presents a narrative on development of transgenics and their use for the improvement of field, industrial and pharmaceuticals crops. In addition, discussions are made on current status on genetically modified crops, hurdles to genetic engineering, overcoming strategies and future scope.

The Business Lady Who Connects the Pharmaceutical Industry of the World——Exclusive Interview with Ms.Robyn Frisch,CEO of Rochem

In the Fall of 1990,a petite Chinese lady went to the U.S.alone with empty pockets and a youthful heart filled with a great enthusiasm.She worked for a small trading company in sourcing raw materials from China.She was living hand to mouth due to the extremely low pay she was earning but her desire to start her own business had never stopped burning.In early 1994,Rochem was founded in the basement of her rented house in Queens,New York,and she was the only employee.Now 25 years have passed and this business lady has led Rochem to become a strong international company with her diligence,intelligence and commitment to her dreams.Rochem has become a bridge for bringing Chinese pharmaceutical raw materials to the regulated markets of the U.S.and Europe.This legendary business woman is Ms.

Industry Dynamics in Pharmaceuticals

Pharmaceuticals is a relatively large and mature industry, and of growing significance. The industry has stimulated extensive research on determinants of its growth and development. Specifically, the distribution of firm size has attracted significant attention, due to tis relevance as an indicator of degree of industrial concentration. A large part of this literature has focused, since the early contributions, on the explanation of the shape of firm size distribution in the industry at a given point in time by reference to steady state arguments. The dynamics in question have been relatively neglected however. The main objective of this paper is to help fill this gap. It is shown that interesting issues arise when one considers how firm structure evolves over time, rather than simply attending to equilibrium implications of processes. Information on the shape and time-evolution of the size distribution of firms over an extended period of time can be used to make inferences about an underlying process;specifically, on which characteristics lead to which kinds of dynamics. To that end, we propose a diffusion model to examine the spatial dynamics of firm size. Instead of assuming a steady state as is standard practice, we consider that firm size fluctuates around its long run stationary equilibrium, according to a double process of temporal drift and random disturbance. An empirical application to real data from the Pharmaceutical industry helps fill a second gap in the literature, as only a few diffusion studies have employed real statistical data when analyzing firm size dynamics. Our empirical application confirms results presented elsewhere and offers some new insights.

The Necessity of Information Security in the Vulnerable Pharmaceutical Industry

The pharmaceutical industry produces billions of dollars in sales each year. The industry is evolving and relying on using technology more and more to conduct day-to-day business. The pharmaceutical industry generates enormous amounts of sensitive and private information such as medical records, employee information, financial data and research data. This makes the pharmaceutical industry vulnerable to cybercrime. The pharmaceutical industry has a big responsibility to stakeholders, patients, employees and customers all over the world to ensure this information is secure. It is imperative for organizations to budget adequate amounts of money and resources to have effective Information Security Management. Information Security Management is critical in the pharmaceutical industry and the alternative of not having it would be devastating to a pharmaceutical company. Cyber criminals can tarnish company reputations and the effects can take years to overcome. The main contributions of this paper will be to describe the concerns about the security of information in the pharmaceutical industry, provide examples of organizations that are victims of cybercrime, describe regulations in place to help reduce information security breaches and illustrate why information security is necessary in the pharmaceutical industry.

Optimization of a Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Phloroglucinol and Trimethylphloroglucinol by High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Routine Use in a Pharmaceutical Industry in Abidjan

In order to provide the population with safe, effective and good quality medicines, the pharmaceutical industries, before releasing batches of their products into the pharmaceutical circuit, put in place internal dosage methods to control the quality of these products. The present study consisted in optimizing a method for the simultaneous determination of Phloroglucinol (PHG) and Trimethylphloroglucinol (TPH) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) routinely used in a pharmaceutical industry located in a township in Abidjan (Ivory Coast). The basic chromatographic conditions were those routinely used for the determination of these two molecules: mobile phase: acetonitrile/water (60/40), stationary phase (C18 BDS Hypersil 250 mm * 4.6 mm - 5 μm), detection wavelength (265 nm), flow rate, injection volume and run time configured at the equipment level were respectively 1 mL/min, 10 μL and 8 min. The method of preparation of the analytes (PHG and TPHG) was also applied by the pharmaceutical industry. The application of these different parameters at the equipment level made it possible to determine a chromatogram which highlights three chromatographic peaks with respective retention times (RT) of 0.773 min (unidentified compound), 2.275 min (PHG) and 7.269 min for an analysis time of 8 min with a better resolution of the peaks and baseline. The progressive optimization of different parameters such as the stationary phase (C18 YMC 150 mm * 4.6 mm - 3 μm), the proportion of the mobile phase: acetonitrile/water (80/20), the flow rate impelled by the pump (0.8 mL/min) and the modification of the analyte preparation mode (same amount of PHG and TPHG in a 50 mL volumetric flask) resulted in a final chromatogram that highlighted two chromatographic peaks at the respective RT of 2.391 min (PHG) and 3.735 min (TPHG) at a run time of 6 min. The chromatographic conditions that led to the final chromatogram can be used routinely by the pharmaceutical industry for the determination of several PHG and TPHG drug matrices after prior validation of the determination method.

Developments in the Pharmaceuticals Industry

China’s pharmaceuticals industry is one of the industries making use of foreign funds and running three kinds of foreign-funded enterprises from an early date. In 1980, it signed a contract with the Japanese Pharmaceu-tical Enterprise to establish the China Otsuka Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd.---the first joint venture in China’s pharma-ceuticals industry. According to incom-

Board Effectiveness in Pharmaceutical Industry： The Case of TAPIC Pharmaceutical Group

Pharmaceutical industry plays a strategic role in economy of Iran. Corporate governance, in pharmaceutical companies as the very core of an organization, and the driving force of corporate leadership, plays a significant role in business success and overall productivity of the firms. As yet, the characteristics, factors causing success and failure of core governance in Iranian pharmaceutical industry have remained unsearched. Furthermore, the applicability of western theories and models to the traditional societies such as Iran are largely unknown. This study is an attempt to explore the pattern of board effectiveness and firm performance in Iranian pharmaceutical industry and suggesting an alternative good governance model suitable to apply to less developed countries （LDC） pharmaceutical industry, with emphasis on Iranian context. After An intensive literature review the model suggested by Ingley and Van der Walt （2001） was found to be more comprehensive, practical and suitable for this study. However, after empirical evaluation further development to the model to fit the pharmaceutical industry and the context of LDCs, especially Iran, is suggested. Empirically the paper stands upon a rich database consisting of Tamin Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Investment Company （TAPIC） and its 11 subsidiary companies which are treated as 11 mini-cases. Data were collected by document analysis, questionnaire and interviews. Since two of the authors have many years experience as managers in the same industrial group, we got access to rich information that normally are not accessible to researchers in less developed countries. The results suggest some improvements to the earlier models and show that the pattern of board effectiveness in Iranian pharmaceutical industry can be influenced by： （1） Internal factors including： （a） board members, the personality and background, （b） board composition, which is influenced by selection criteria, Tribalism, interpersonal relationship and belonging to the same ideological group, （c） board interactions, and （d） power distribution in the board, which is influenced by parenting power in holding companies. All internal factors are directly or indirectly affected by political issues as well as socio-cultural forces. （2） External factors including： （a） industrial complexity and the nature of industry, （b） industrial ethos, （c） legislation, and political forces, （d） economy, which the last two factors are influenced by international environment as well.

PROSPECTS OF CHINA'S PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

Director-general of the StateAdministration of Medicines ZhengXiaoyu gave an interview recently onthe development of China’s medicines in the9th Five-Year Plan period(1996-2000) andthe long-term development programme upto 2010.

Research on the Impact of Independent R&D and Collaborative Innovation on Economic Performance in China’s pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To study the impact of independent R&D and collaborative innovation on economic performance in the pharmaceutical industry.Methods A panel regression model was established by selecting the panel data of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2009 to 2019.Results and Conclusion Independent R&D and collaborative innovation of the pharmaceutical industry in eastern,central and western regions of China had a positive effect on economic performance.Besides,the promotion effect of independent R&D was greater than that of collaborative innovation.The positive driving effect of economic performance is the largest among the three regions,followed by the central and western regions.The collaborative innovation has the greatest positive effect on economic performance in the central region,followed by the eastern and western regions.

Comparative Study and Enlightenment on Innovation Achievements of Pharmaceutical Industry in Liaoning Province

Objective To promote the innovation and development of pharmaceutical industry in Liaoning Province.Methods Literature study and comparative study were used to investigate the current situation and problems of innovation-driven development of pharmaceutical industry in Liaoning Province by comparing data of Heilongjiang,Jilin,Shandong,and Jiangsu from four aspects of priority review and approval,consistency evaluation of generic drugs,new drugs on the market,and scientific and technological innovation achievements.Results and Conclusion In terms of innovation-driven development,pharmaceutical industry in Liaoning Province has the following problems,such as small scale,weak transformation of scientific and technological achievements,tough business environment,and single platform module of scientific and technological achievements.Combined with the actual development of pharmaceutical industry in Liaoning province,the government should give full play to its leading role and guide“Benxi Pharmaceutical Capital”to establish characteristic industrial cluster and incubation park.After high quality enterprises and high-level innovative talents get together,enterprises can analyze their actual situation to plan R&D layout,focusing on the input-output ratio.Meanwhile,the benign development of the enterprises,universities and research institutes should be promoted to integrate technical innovation and product supply.This can enhance the cooperation among the government,enterprise,university,and research institute,and provide reference for further development of pharmaceutical industry in Liaoning province.