<strong>Introduction:</strong> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Smoking is a common public problem with a high health burden. Many studies have shown that there are many hazardous actions...<strong>Introduction:</strong> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Smoking is a common public problem with a high health burden. Many studies have shown that there are many hazardous actions of smoking on body systems especially haemostatic, respiratory and circulatory systems.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Smoking may increase the thrombus burden in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">smoker’s paradox</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> has been described for more than 25 years. Its existence and its effect on patients’ outcome post-myocardial infarction are debatable</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b>Methods: </b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Our prospective observational study was conducted from-August 2018 to August 2019 on STEMI patients with the duration from onset of symptoms to first medical contact were 12 hours or less. We included 199 patients in our study.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patients are divided into 4 groups </span><b><i><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Group </span></u></i><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></u></b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b> </b></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Smokers treated by PPCI) </span><b><i><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Group </span></u></i><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></u></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Non-smokers treated by</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> PPCI) </span><b><i><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Group </span></u></i><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></u></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Smoker treated by pharmaco-invasive strategy) </span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><i><u>Group </u></i></b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><u>4</u></b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Non-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">smoker treated by pharmaco-invasive strategy) TIMI flow before and after PCI, duration of hospital stay and all caeses of MACE were assessed in each patient.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b>Results:</b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Smokers are younger than non-smokers and have fewer co</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mor</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bidities. Patients</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> treated by primary PCI and pharmaco-invasive strategy either smokers </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">or</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">non-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">smokers showed no significant difference in angiographic data and outcome except that smokers treated by pharmaco-invasive strategy had a lower incidence of TIMI flow III at diagnostic angiography before PCI with P value (0.047). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">There is no actual smokers paradox. A pharmaco-invasive strategy is a good option when a PPCI is not available. Finally, early transfer of smokers treated with a pharmaco-invasive strategy to a PCI capable hospital for early intervention may be recommended.</span></span>展开更多
BACKGROUND: Quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography can be used for studying the dose-effect and time-effect relationships of drugs affecting central nervous system. Therefore, it may become an effective means f...BACKGROUND: Quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography can be used for studying the dose-effect and time-effect relationships of drugs affecting central nervous system. Therefore, it may become an effective means for monitoring the anesthetic degree of anesthetic drug in the operation. OBJECTIVE: To observe the dose-effect relationship of propofol influencing β2-band power of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography in rabbits. DESIGN: A randomized block design. SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College. MATERIALS: Thirty-six healthy adult rabbits of either gender, weighing (2.4 ± 0.5 ) kg, of clean grade, were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center of Xuzhou Medical College. The involved rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups with 12 in each by table of random digit: high-dose propofol group, moderate-dose propofol group, and low-dose propofol group. The protocol was carried out in accordance with animal ethics guidelines for the use and care of animals. METHODS: This study was carried out in the Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College between August 1999 and April 2000. Rabbits in the high-dose propofol group, moderate-dose propofol group, and low-dose propofol group were injected with 10, 5 and 2.5 mg/kg propofol (ZENECA Company, British, Batch No. 032000), respectively. Before and after intravenous administration of propofol, percentage of β2-band power of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography was measured, and the latent and persistent periods when rabbit righting reflex disappeared were observed by quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography and power spectrum analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Percentage of β2-band power of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography. (2)Latent period and persistent period of abolition of righting reflex of rabbits. RESULTS: Thirty-six rabbits were involved in the final analysis. (1)Effect of propofol on righting reflex of rabbits: Righting reflex disappeared within 1 minute after the rabbits being intravenously injected with propofol. The higher dose, the shorter latent period (r = - 0.94, P 〈 0.01), and the longer persistent period (r =0.79, P 〈 0.01). Both latent period and persistent period had good correlation with propofol dose. (2) Effect of propofol on the percentage of β2-band power of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography: In the low-dose propofol group, no significant changes in the percentage of β2-band power of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography existed between before and after administration within 30 minutes (P 〉 0.05). In the moderate-dose propofol group, the percentage of β2-band power of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography in each brain region except for left and right frontal areas was significantly decreased within 30 s to 5 minutes (P 〈 0.05), and recovered to the level before administration 10 minutes later. In the high-dose propofol group, the percentage of β2-band power of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography in each brain region was significantly decreased from 20 s to 5 minutes after administration (P 〈 0.05 - 0.01), and that was gradually recovered to the level before administration 5 to 10 minutes after administration. This tendency was basically the same as the changes of latent period and persistent period. CONCLUSION: Propofol decreases the percentage of β2-band power of quantitative pharmacoelectroencephalography in dose-dependent manner, It indicates that β2-band power might become one of indexes for reflecting the anesthetic degree of propofol,展开更多
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Smoking is a common public problem with a high health burden. Many studies have shown that there are many hazardous actions of smoking on body systems especially haemostatic, respiratory and circulatory systems.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Smoking may increase the thrombus burden in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">smoker’s paradox</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> has been described for more than 25 years. Its existence and its effect on patients’ outcome post-myocardial infarction are debatable</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b>Methods: </b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Our prospective observational study was conducted from-August 2018 to August 2019 on STEMI patients with the duration from onset of symptoms to first medical contact were 12 hours or less. We included 199 patients in our study.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patients are divided into 4 groups </span><b><i><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Group </span></u></i><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></u></b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b> </b></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Smokers treated by PPCI) </span><b><i><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Group </span></u></i><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></u></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Non-smokers treated by</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> PPCI) </span><b><i><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Group </span></u></i><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></u></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Smoker treated by pharmaco-invasive strategy) </span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><i><u>Group </u></i></b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><u>4</u></b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Non-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">smoker treated by pharmaco-invasive strategy) TIMI flow before and after PCI, duration of hospital stay and all caeses of MACE were assessed in each patient.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b>Results:</b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Smokers are younger than non-smokers and have fewer co</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mor</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bidities. Patients</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> treated by primary PCI and pharmaco-invasive strategy either smokers </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">or</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">non-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">smokers showed no significant difference in angiographic data and outcome except that smokers treated by pharmaco-invasive strategy had a lower incidence of TIMI flow III at diagnostic angiography before PCI with P value (0.047). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">There is no actual smokers paradox. A pharmaco-invasive strategy is a good option when a PPCI is not available. Finally, early transfer of smokers treated with a pharmaco-invasive strategy to a PCI capable hospital for early intervention may be recommended.</span></span>
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30471657,39970715Social Development Plan Project of Science Committee of Jiangsu Province, No.BS2000052the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, No.BK2001143
文摘BACKGROUND: Quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography can be used for studying the dose-effect and time-effect relationships of drugs affecting central nervous system. Therefore, it may become an effective means for monitoring the anesthetic degree of anesthetic drug in the operation. OBJECTIVE: To observe the dose-effect relationship of propofol influencing β2-band power of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography in rabbits. DESIGN: A randomized block design. SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College. MATERIALS: Thirty-six healthy adult rabbits of either gender, weighing (2.4 ± 0.5 ) kg, of clean grade, were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center of Xuzhou Medical College. The involved rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups with 12 in each by table of random digit: high-dose propofol group, moderate-dose propofol group, and low-dose propofol group. The protocol was carried out in accordance with animal ethics guidelines for the use and care of animals. METHODS: This study was carried out in the Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College between August 1999 and April 2000. Rabbits in the high-dose propofol group, moderate-dose propofol group, and low-dose propofol group were injected with 10, 5 and 2.5 mg/kg propofol (ZENECA Company, British, Batch No. 032000), respectively. Before and after intravenous administration of propofol, percentage of β2-band power of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography was measured, and the latent and persistent periods when rabbit righting reflex disappeared were observed by quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography and power spectrum analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Percentage of β2-band power of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography. (2)Latent period and persistent period of abolition of righting reflex of rabbits. RESULTS: Thirty-six rabbits were involved in the final analysis. (1)Effect of propofol on righting reflex of rabbits: Righting reflex disappeared within 1 minute after the rabbits being intravenously injected with propofol. The higher dose, the shorter latent period (r = - 0.94, P 〈 0.01), and the longer persistent period (r =0.79, P 〈 0.01). Both latent period and persistent period had good correlation with propofol dose. (2) Effect of propofol on the percentage of β2-band power of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography: In the low-dose propofol group, no significant changes in the percentage of β2-band power of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography existed between before and after administration within 30 minutes (P 〉 0.05). In the moderate-dose propofol group, the percentage of β2-band power of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography in each brain region except for left and right frontal areas was significantly decreased within 30 s to 5 minutes (P 〈 0.05), and recovered to the level before administration 10 minutes later. In the high-dose propofol group, the percentage of β2-band power of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography in each brain region was significantly decreased from 20 s to 5 minutes after administration (P 〈 0.05 - 0.01), and that was gradually recovered to the level before administration 5 to 10 minutes after administration. This tendency was basically the same as the changes of latent period and persistent period. CONCLUSION: Propofol decreases the percentage of β2-band power of quantitative pharmacoelectroencephalography in dose-dependent manner, It indicates that β2-band power might become one of indexes for reflecting the anesthetic degree of propofol,