An Investigation of Oxidative DNA Damage in Pharmacy Technicians Exposed to Antineoplastic Drugs in Two Chinese Hospitals Using The Urinary 8-OHdG Assay

Objective To investigate oxidative DNA damage in pharmacy technicians preparing antineoplastic drugs at the PIVAS （Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service） in two Chinese hospitals. Methods Urinary 8-OHdG served as a biomarker. 5-Fluorouracil （5-FU） concentrations in air, masks and gloves were determined. The spill exposure of each PIVAS technician to antineoplastic drugs was investigated. Eighty subjects were divided into exposed group t, II, and control group I, II. Results 5-FU concentration ratios for gloves and masks in exposed group I were significantly higher than those in exposed group II （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. The average urinary 8-OHdG concentrations in exposed group I, control group I, exposed group II, and control group II were 24.69＋0.93, 20.68＋1.07, 20.57＋0.55, and 12.96_＋0.73 ng/mg Cr, respectively. Urinary 8-OHdG concentration in exposed group I was significantly higher than that in control group I or that in exposed group 11 （P〈0.02）. There was a significant correlation between urinary 8-OHdG concentrations and spill frequencies per technician （P〈0.01）. Conclusion There was detectable oxidative DNA damage in PIVAS technicians exposed to antineoplastic drugs. This oxidative DNA damage may be associated with their spill exposure experience and contamination of their personal protective equipment.

Pharmacy intervention of irrational medical orders on pharmacy intravenous admixture services of outpatient and emergency departments in Fujian Provincial Hospital

In the present study, we aimed to analyze the irrational medical orders and evaluate the effect of pharmacy intervention on pharmacy intravenous admixture services of outpatient and emergency departments in our hospital. The irrational medical orders of PIVAS at the outpatient and emergency departments were retrospectively analyzed in Jun. 2015. We strengthened the pharmacy intervention on irrational medical orders since July 2015. All the cases were selected by systematic sampling method. Cased studied in Jun. 2015 served as the control group, whereas those studied in Jan. 2016 served as the intervention group. The irrational rate and the irrational number of daily average were compared between the control group and intervention group. The common type of irrational outpatient and emergency intravenous orders mainly included irrational use of solvents, irrational dosing interval and inappropriate compatibility of drugs. The irrational rate was reduced from 17.4% to 3.3% （P〈0.01）, and the irrational number of daily average was decreased from 5.23 to 1.00 （P〈0.01）. Pharmacy intervention can reduce the irrational rate of medical orders in our hospital, which is of great significance to promote rational drug use and improve medical quality.

Compatibility Rules of Neonatal Parenteral Nutrition Prescriptions Based on Association Rules and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis

[Objectives]To explore the compatibility rules of neonatal parenteral nutrition(PN)prescriptions based on association rules and hierarchical cluster analysis,thereby providing a reference for standardizing neonatal parenteral nutrition supportive therapy.[Methods]The data about neonatal PN formulations prepared by the Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services(PIVAS)of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University from July 2015 to June 2021 were collected.The general information of the prescriptions and the frequency of drug use were analyzed with Excel 2019;the boxplot of drug dosing was drawn using GraphPad 8.0 software;and SPSS Modeler 18.0 and SPSS Statistics 26.0 were used to perform association rules and hierarchical cluster analysis.[Results]A total of 11488 PN prescriptions were collected from 1421 newborns,involving 18 kinds of drugs,which were divided into 11 types of nutrients.Association rules analysis yielded 84 nutrient substance combinations.The combination of fat emulsion-water-soluble vitamins-fat-soluble vitamins-glucose-amino acids had the highest confidence(99.95%).The hierarchical cluster analysis divided nutrients into 5 types.[Conclusions]The prescriptions of PN for newborns were composed of five types of nutrients:amino acids,fat emulsion,glucose,water-soluble vitamins,and fat-soluble vitamins.According to the lack of electrolytes and trace elements,appropriate drugs can be chosen to meet nutritional demands.This study provides reference basis for reasonable selection of drugs for neonatal PN prescriptions and further standardization of PN supportive therapy in newborns.