ON A UNIVERSAL INEQUALITY FOR APPROXIMATE PHASE ISOMETRIES

Let X and Y be two normed spaces.Let U be a non-principal ultrafilter on N.Let g:X→Y be a standard ε-phase isometry for someε≥ 0,i.e.,g(0)=0,and for all u.v ∈ X,||‖g(u)+g(v)‖±‖g(u)-g(v)‖|-|‖u+v‖±‖u-v‖| |≤ε.The mapping g is said to be a phase isometry provided that ε=0.In this paper,we show the following universal inequality of g:for each u^(*) ∈ w^(*)-exp ‖u^(*)‖B_(x^(*)),there exist a phase function σ_(u^(*)):X→{-1,1} and φ ∈ Y^(*) with ‖φ‖=‖u^(*)‖≡α satisfying that|(u^(*),u)-σ_(u^(*))(u)<φ,g(u)>)|≤5/2εα,for all u ∈ X.In particular,let X be a smooth Banach space.Then we show the following:(1) the universal inequality holds for all u^(*) ∈ X^(*);(2) the constant 5/2 can be reduced to 3/2 provided that Y~*is strictly convex;(3) the existence of such a g implies the existence of a phase isometryΘ:X→Y such that■ provided that Y^(**) has the w^(*)-Kadec-Klee property(for example,Y is both reflexive and locally uniformly convex).

Nab-paclitaxel plus capecitabine as first-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancers:An open-label,non-randomized,phase II clinical trial

BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancers(BTCs)are a heterogeneous group of tumors with high malignancy,poor prognosis,and limited treatment options.AIM To explore the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel plus capecitabine as first-line treatment for advanced and metastatic BTCs.METHODS This open-label,non-randomized,double-center,phase II clinical trial recruited systemic therapy-naive patients with unresectable or metastatic BTCs between April 2019 and June 2022 at Beijing Cancer Hospital and the First Hospital of China Medical University.Eligible patients were administered nab-paclitaxel(150 mg/m^(2),day 1)and capecitabine(2000 mg/m^(2),twice daily,days 1-7)in 14-day cycles until experiencing intolerable toxicity or disease progression.The primary outcome was the objective response rate(ORR).The secondary outcomes included the disease control rate(DCR),overall survival(OS),progression-free survival(PFS),and safety.RESULTS A total of 44 patients successfully completed the trial,with a median age of 64.00 years(interquartile range,35.00-76.00),and 26(59.09%)were females.Tumor response assessment was impeded for one patient due to premature demise from tumor hemorrhage.Among the remaining 43 patients undergoing at least one imaging assessment,the ORR was 23.26%[95%confidence interval(CI):11.80%-38.60%],and the DCR was 69.77%(95%CI:53.90%-82.80%).The median OS was 14.1 months(95%CI:8.3-19.9),and the median PFS was 4.4 months(95%CI:2.5-6.3).A total of 41 patients(93.18%)experienced at least one adverse event(AE),with 10 patients(22.73%)encountering grade≥3 AEs,and the most frequent AEs of any grade were alopecia(79.50%),leukopenia(54.55%),neutropenia(52.27%),and liver dysfunction(40.91%),and no treatment-related deaths were documented.CONCLUSION Nab-paclitaxel plus capecitabine may be an effective and safe first-line treatment strategy for patients with advanced or metastatic BTCs.

Phase induced localization transition

Localization phenomenon is an important research field in condensed matter physics.However,due to the complexity and subtlety of disordered systems,new localization phenomena always emerge unexpectedly.For example,it is generally believed that the phase of the hopping term does not affect the localization properties of the system,so the calculation of the phase is often ignored in the study of localization.Here,we introduce a quasiperiodic model and demonstrate that the phase change of the hopping term can significantly alter the localization properties of the system through detailed numerical simulations,such as the inverse participation ratio and multifractal analysis.This phase-induced localization transition provides valuable information for the study of localization physics.

The growth ofβphase in Mg-Gd-Y-Ni alloy by experimental and first-principles study

The paper reports on the atomic investigation aboutβphase in Mg_(96)Gd_(2)Y_(1)Ni_(1) alloy by using the first-principles study and the high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope(HAADF-STEM)corrected by atomic Cs.By using HAADF-STEM,the rectangularβphases were observed in the underage and peak aging stages in Mg_(96)Gd_(2)Y_(1)Ni_(1) alloy.Theβphase could be precipitated from the previously precipitatedβphase,and theβphase grew in steps when it was precipitated.A special transition structure of three atomic layer thicknesses was first observed at the edge of theβphase and the structure of this interface is probably as theβ/Mg_(1) interface for the analysis of thermodynamic characterization and electronic characterization.Theβ'phase and theβ_(H) structure were precipitated only at the edge of the length directions of theβphase.Theβ'phase continues to grow into aβphase directly without the formation ofβ_(1) phase,resulting in an increase in the length of theβphase,which is discovered for the first time.

Honeymoon phase in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A window of opportunity for diabetes reversal?

The knowledge of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)continues to rapidly evolve.The natural course of the disease can be described in four clinical stages based on the autoimmune markers and glycemic status.Not all individuals of T1DM progress in that specific sequence.We hereby present a case of T1DM with a classical third phase(honeymoon phase)and discuss the intri-cacies of this interesting phase along with a possible future promise of“cure”with the use of immunotherapies.We now know that the course of T1DM may not be in only one direction towards further progression;rather the disease may have a waxing and waning course with even reversal of type 1 diabetes concept being discussed.The third phase popularly called the“honeymoon phase”,is of special interest as this phase is complex in its pathogenesis.The honeymoon phase of T1DM seems to provide the best window of opportunity for using targeted therapies using various immunomodulatory agents leading to the possibility of achieving the elusive“diabetes reversal”in T1DM.Identifying this phase is therefore the key,with a lot of varying criteria having been proposed.

Analysis and Design of a Phase Interpolator for Clock and Data Recovery

In this paper,a detailed analysis of a phase interpolator for clock recovery is presented. A mathematical model is setup for the phase interpolator and we perform a precise analysis using this model. The result shows that the output amplitude and linearity of phase interpolator is primarily related to the difference between the two input phases. A new encoding pattern is given to solve this problem. Analysis in the circuit domain was also undertaken. The simulation results show that the relation between RC time-constant and time difference of input clocks affects the linearity of the phase interpolator. To alleviate this undesired effect, two adjustable-RC buffers are added at the input of the PI. Finally,a 90nm CMOS phase interpolator,which can work in the frequency from 1GHz to 5GHz,is proposed. The power dissipation of the phase interpolator is lmW with a 1.2V power supply. Experiment results show that the phase interpolator has a monotone output phase and good linearity.

Analysis of phase in Cu-15%Cr-0.24%Zr alloy

The vacuum medium-frequency induction melting technology was employed to prepare the Cu-15%Cr-0.24%Zr alloy. The scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM） were used to analyze the phase composition, morphology and structure of the alloy. The results reveal that the as-cast structure of the alloy consists of Cu matrix, Cr dendrite, eutectic Cr and Zr-rich phase. A large number of Cr-precipitated phases occur in the Cu matrix, and Cu5Zr particles can be found in the grain boundary of Cu matrix. The HRTEM images prove that there is a semi-coherent relationship between Cu5Zr and Cu matrix.

Ageing process of pre-precipitation phase in Ni_(0.75)Al_(0.05)Fe_(0.2) alloy based on phase field method

By utilizing phase field method combined with analysis on free energy and interatomic potentials, pre-precipitation phase formation and transformation process of Ni0.75Al0.05Fe0.2 alloy in early precipitation stage during the ageing process under 1 000 K were studied. And free energy, microstructures, compositions and volume fractions of pre-precipitation phase and equilibrium phase were analyzed. The simulation results indicate that nonstoichiometric Llo pre-precipitation phase formed first, and then would gradually transform into L12 equilibrium phase. It is discovered that the phase transformation process was closely related to free energy and interatomic potentials. Additionally, it is revealed that free energy of Llo pre-precipitation phase was higher and interatomic potential was smaller than that of L12 equilibrium phase. Therefore, it is concluded that Llo phase was unstable, and phase transformation would occur to L12 which was more stable.

Morphology and crystallography of β precipitate phase in Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zr alloy

Morphology and crystal structure of β precipitate phase in Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr (mass fraction, %) alloy were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Compositions were determined for β phase using thin foil energy dispersive spectroscopy. Precipitation at 400 ℃ involves formation of platelet and block-shaped β phase. The orientation relationship is and between β precipitate phase and α-Mg matrix with habit planes parallel to , and a composition of Mg5(Y0.4Gd0.4Nd0.2) is suggested for the β phase in Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy.

Effect of Ce,Co,B on formation of LaCo_(13)-structure phase in La(Fe,Si)_(13) alloys

The effect of Ce, Co, and B on the formation of 1：13 phase in La（Fe, Si）13 alloys was investigated by XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that Co can improve the formation of 1：13 phase in as-cast LaFe11.6-xCoxSi1.4 alloys, but in as-cast and annealed LaFe11.6Si1.4-xCox alloys, it will hamper the formation of 1：13 phase and help the formation of a-Fe（Co, Si） solid solution. Ce2Fel7 phases will form when x reaches a certain value in as-cast and annealed La1-xCexFe11.5Si1.5 alloys. B can improve the formation of 1：13 phase accompanied with Fe2B phase in as-cast LaFe11.6-xBxSi1.4 alloys. B improves the formation of a-Fe solid solution in LaFe11.6Si1.4-xBx alloys, and there is almost only a-Fe in as-cast and annealed LaFe11.6Si0.9B0.5 alloy. In all, the introduction of Co, B, and Ce cannot eliminate the a-Fe phases in corresponding alloys prepared by the high-temperature and short-time annealing process.

Phase I study of chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in Chinese patients with CD20-positive non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma

Objective： This study was designed to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics and biologic effects of a humanmouse chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody （SCT400） in Chinese padents with CD20-positive B-cell non- Hodgkin＇s lymphoma （CD20 B-cell NHL）. SCT400 has an identical amino acid sequence as rituximab, with the exception of one amino acid in the CH1 domain of the heavy chain, which is common in Asians. Methods： Fifteen patients with CD20＋ B-cell NHL received dose-escalating SCT400 infusions （250 mg/m2： n=3; 375 mg/m2： n=9; 500 mg/m2： n=3） once weekly for 4 consecutive weeks with a 24-week follow-up period. The data of all patients were collected for pharmacoklnetics and pharmacodynamics analyses. Results： No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Most drug-related adverse events were grade 1 or 2. Two patients had grade 3 or 4 ncutropenia. Under premedication, the drug-related infusion reaction was mild. A rapid, profound and durable depletion of circulating B cells was observed in all dose groups without significant effects on T cell count, natural killer （NK） cell count or immunoglobulin levels. No patient developed anti- SCT400 antibodies during the course of the study. SCT400 serum half-life （Tin）, maximum concentration （Cmax and area under the curve （AUC） generally increased between the first and fourth infusions （P〈0.05）. At the 375 mg/m2 dose, the T1/2 was 122.5±46.7 h vs. 197.0,75.0 11, respectively, and the Cmax was 200.6±20.2 pg/mL vs. 339.1±71.0 ng/mL, respectively. From 250 mg/m2 to 500 mg/m2, the Cmax and AUC increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner （P〈0.05）. Patients with a high tumor burden had markedly lower serum SCT400 concenmations compared with those without or with a low tumor burden. Of the 9 assessable patients, 1 achieved complete response and 2 achieved partial responses. Conclusions; SCT400 is well-tolerated and has encouraging preliminary efficacy in Chinese patients with CD20＋ B-cell NHL.

PROGRESS IN PHASE INVERSION EMULSIFICATION FOR EPOXY RESIN WATERBORNE DISPERSIONS

In this review, our recent work in phase inversion emulsification （PIE） for polymer （especially epoxy resin） waterborne dispersions is summarized. Based on experimental results about PIE process, the physical model is proposed which can guide the synthesis of the waterborne dispersions such as polymer/nanoparticle composite dispersion. In the presence of a latent curing catalyst, PIE can give a crosslinkable epoxy resin waterborne dispersion. The dispersions can form cured transparent coatings with some unique properties such as UV shielding. They are promising in functional coatings, waterborne resin matrices for composites, and sizing for high performance fibers.

A phase inversion based sponge-like polysulfonamide/SiO_2 composite separator for high performance lithium-ion batteries

In this work,a sponge-like polysulfonamide(PSA)/SiO_2 composite membrane is unprecedentedly prepared by the phase inversion method,and successfully demonstrated as a novel separator of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Compared to the commercial polypropylene(PP) separator,the sponge-like PSA/SiO_2 composite possesses better physical and electrochemical properties,such as higher porosity,ionic conductivity,thermal stability and flame retarding ability.The LiCoO_2/Li half-cells using the sponge-like composite separator demonstrate superior rate capability and cyclability over those using the commercial PP separator.Moreover,the sponge-like composite separator can ensure the normal operation of LiCoO_2/Li half-cell at an extremely high temperature of 90 °C,while the commercial PP separator cannot.All these encouraging results suggest that this phase inversion based sponge-like PSA/SiO_2 composite separator is really a promising separator for high performance LIBs.

Precipitation of α_2 Phase in α+β Solution-Treated and Air-cooled Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Mo-Si-Nd Alloys

A series of Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Mo-Si-Nd alloys with various content of Al were solution treated in α+β phase field and air-cooled. The precipitation of a2 phase in cooling was investigated by transmission electron microscopic analysis The precipitation characteristic of α2 phase was discussed. The precipitation of α2 phase would proceed by the nucleation and growth of α2 phase dependent on the diffusion of Al atoms. And a comparison on the difference of precipitation of α2 phase was carried out under the conditions of air-cooling and quenching in water. The investigation showed that the air-cooling and even quenching could supply enough time for the precipitation and growth of α2 phase when Al content reached a certain value even though far away from the stoichiometric composition of Ti3Al.

β→α Transformation of γ-Phase in Sintered WC-Co Cemented Carbides

Varying the morphology and the structure of γ-phase (Co-base Co-W-C solid solution) by means of altering the cooling rate and the preparing method of liquid sintered WC-Co cemented carbides samples, the mechanism of fcc→hcp transformation of γ-phase in WC-Co alloy has been explored. The results show that, the cooling rate is an important affecting factor on fcc→hcp transformation of γ-phase and the fcc→hcp transformation is mainly a diffusive type when cooling WC-Co samples above room temperature

Quasicrystalline Phase in As-cast Mg-Zn-Y-Zr Alloy

An icosahedral phase in as-cast Mg 5. 78Zn-0.89Y-0.48Zr (wt-%) alloy has been identified with transmission electron microscope (TPM) The selected area diffraction patterns (SADP) from the phase show a five-fold symmetry of a quasicrystalline structure. The energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDXS) indicate that the quaternary phase has a chemical composition of 67.6Zn-1 9.4Mg-8,1 Y-4 9Zr in at -%

PREPARATION OF WATERBORNE ULTRAFINE PARTICLES OF EPOXY RESIN BY PHASE INVERSION TECHNIQUE

Waterborne ultrafine particles of epoxy resin were prepared by phase inversion technique. The results of SEM revealed that the particles diameter was in the range of 50 to 100 nm and the effects on amount of water required at phase inversion point were also discussed.

Deep learning assisted variational Hilbert quantitative phase imaging

We propose a high-accuracy artifacts-free single-frame digital holographic phase demodulation scheme for relatively lowcarrier frequency holograms-deep learning assisted variational Hilbert quantitative phase imaging(DL-VHQPI).The method,incorporating a conventional deep neural network into a complete physical model utilizing the idea of residual compensation,reliably and robustly recovers the quantitative phase information of the test objects.It can significantly alleviate spectrum-overlapping-caused phase artifacts under the slightly off-axis digital holographic system.Compared to the conventional end-to-end networks(without a physical model),the proposed method can reduce the dataset size dramatically while maintaining the imaging quality and model generalization.The DL-VHQPI is quantitatively studied by numerical simulation.The live-cell experiment is designed to demonstrate the method's practicality in biological research.The proposed idea of the deep learning-assisted physical model might be extended to diverse computational imaging techniques.

HYDRODYNAMIC AND THERMODYNAMIC EFFECTS IN PHASE INVERSION EMULSIFICATION PROCESS OF EPOXY RESIN IN WATER

The mechanism of phase inversion emulsification process （PIE） was studied for waterborne dispersion of highly viscous epoxy resin using non-ionic polymeric surfactants. Drop deformation and breakup, rheological properties, conductivity, and particle size measurements reveal the micro-structural transition amid emulsification. It is revealed that strong flow causes water drop to burst with the formation of droplets and huge interface. Phase inversion corresponds to an abrupt rheological transition from a type of viscous melt with weak elasticity to a highly elastic type of aqueous gel. This implies that the phase inversion equivalent to a curvature inversion. Based on this, a geometric model is postulated to correlate process variables to the particle size. The coverage and conformation of the surfactant plays key role for the particle size of the final emulsion. The interactions of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic effects are also discussed. It is concluded that the thermodynamics control the PIE while the hydrodynamics drives the creation of interface and involves every step of PIE.

Quality Management Model for Phase I Clinical Drug Trials:A Structural Equation Model

This study aimed to construct a quality management model for phase I clinical drug trials.A cross-sectional survey was conducted and data were collected from 604 respondents at 69 institutions in China engaged in phase I clinical drug trials.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to develop the survey tool.Structural equation modeling was used to construct a quality management model for phase I clinical drug trials.The results showed that the final survey tool had good reliability and validity(Cronbach’sα=0.938,root mean square error of approximation=0.074,comparative fit index=0.962,and Tucker—Lewis index=0.955).The model included five dimensions:government regulation,industry management,medical institution management,research team management,and contract research organization(CRO)management.In total,22 measurement items were obtained.The structural equation model indicated government regulation,industry management,medical institution management,and CRO management significantly affected the quality of phase I clinical drug trials(β=0.195,β=0.331,β=0.279,andβ=−0.267,respectively;P<0.05).Research team management had no effect on the quality of trials(β=0.041,P=0.610).In conclusion,the model is valuable for identifying factors influencing phase I clinical drug trials and guiding quality management practices.