ON A UNIVERSAL INEQUALITY FOR APPROXIMATE PHASE ISOMETRIES

Let X and Y be two normed spaces.Let U be a non-principal ultrafilter on N.Let g:X→Y be a standard ε-phase isometry for someε≥ 0,i.e.,g(0)=0,and for all u.v ∈ X,||‖g(u)+g(v)‖±‖g(u)-g(v)‖|-|‖u+v‖±‖u-v‖| |≤ε.The mapping g is said to be a phase isometry provided that ε=0.In this paper,we show the following universal inequality of g:for each u^(*) ∈ w^(*)-exp ‖u^(*)‖B_(x^(*)),there exist a phase function σ_(u^(*)):X→{-1,1} and φ ∈ Y^(*) with ‖φ‖=‖u^(*)‖≡α satisfying that|(u^(*),u)-σ_(u^(*))(u)<φ,g(u)>)|≤5/2εα,for all u ∈ X.In particular,let X be a smooth Banach space.Then we show the following:(1) the universal inequality holds for all u^(*) ∈ X^(*);(2) the constant 5/2 can be reduced to 3/2 provided that Y~*is strictly convex;(3) the existence of such a g implies the existence of a phase isometryΘ:X→Y such that■ provided that Y^(**) has the w^(*)-Kadec-Klee property(for example,Y is both reflexive and locally uniformly convex).

Nab-paclitaxel plus capecitabine as first-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancers:An open-label,non-randomized,phase II clinical trial

BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancers(BTCs)are a heterogeneous group of tumors with high malignancy,poor prognosis,and limited treatment options.AIM To explore the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel plus capecitabine as first-line treatment for advanced and metastatic BTCs.METHODS This open-label,non-randomized,double-center,phase II clinical trial recruited systemic therapy-naive patients with unresectable or metastatic BTCs between April 2019 and June 2022 at Beijing Cancer Hospital and the First Hospital of China Medical University.Eligible patients were administered nab-paclitaxel(150 mg/m^(2),day 1)and capecitabine(2000 mg/m^(2),twice daily,days 1-7)in 14-day cycles until experiencing intolerable toxicity or disease progression.The primary outcome was the objective response rate(ORR).The secondary outcomes included the disease control rate(DCR),overall survival(OS),progression-free survival(PFS),and safety.RESULTS A total of 44 patients successfully completed the trial,with a median age of 64.00 years(interquartile range,35.00-76.00),and 26(59.09%)were females.Tumor response assessment was impeded for one patient due to premature demise from tumor hemorrhage.Among the remaining 43 patients undergoing at least one imaging assessment,the ORR was 23.26%[95%confidence interval(CI):11.80%-38.60%],and the DCR was 69.77%(95%CI:53.90%-82.80%).The median OS was 14.1 months(95%CI:8.3-19.9),and the median PFS was 4.4 months(95%CI:2.5-6.3).A total of 41 patients(93.18%)experienced at least one adverse event(AE),with 10 patients(22.73%)encountering grade≥3 AEs,and the most frequent AEs of any grade were alopecia(79.50%),leukopenia(54.55%),neutropenia(52.27%),and liver dysfunction(40.91%),and no treatment-related deaths were documented.CONCLUSION Nab-paclitaxel plus capecitabine may be an effective and safe first-line treatment strategy for patients with advanced or metastatic BTCs.

The growth ofβphase in Mg-Gd-Y-Ni alloy by experimental and first-principles study

The paper reports on the atomic investigation aboutβphase in Mg_(96)Gd_(2)Y_(1)Ni_(1) alloy by using the first-principles study and the high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope(HAADF-STEM)corrected by atomic Cs.By using HAADF-STEM,the rectangularβphases were observed in the underage and peak aging stages in Mg_(96)Gd_(2)Y_(1)Ni_(1) alloy.Theβphase could be precipitated from the previously precipitatedβphase,and theβphase grew in steps when it was precipitated.A special transition structure of three atomic layer thicknesses was first observed at the edge of theβphase and the structure of this interface is probably as theβ/Mg_(1) interface for the analysis of thermodynamic characterization and electronic characterization.Theβ'phase and theβ_(H) structure were precipitated only at the edge of the length directions of theβphase.Theβ'phase continues to grow into aβphase directly without the formation ofβ_(1) phase,resulting in an increase in the length of theβphase,which is discovered for the first time.

Honeymoon phase in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A window of opportunity for diabetes reversal?

The knowledge of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)continues to rapidly evolve.The natural course of the disease can be described in four clinical stages based on the autoimmune markers and glycemic status.Not all individuals of T1DM progress in that specific sequence.We hereby present a case of T1DM with a classical third phase(honeymoon phase)and discuss the intri-cacies of this interesting phase along with a possible future promise of“cure”with the use of immunotherapies.We now know that the course of T1DM may not be in only one direction towards further progression;rather the disease may have a waxing and waning course with even reversal of type 1 diabetes concept being discussed.The third phase popularly called the“honeymoon phase”,is of special interest as this phase is complex in its pathogenesis.The honeymoon phase of T1DM seems to provide the best window of opportunity for using targeted therapies using various immunomodulatory agents leading to the possibility of achieving the elusive“diabetes reversal”in T1DM.Identifying this phase is therefore the key,with a lot of varying criteria having been proposed.

Deep learning assisted variational Hilbert quantitative phase imaging

We propose a high-accuracy artifacts-free single-frame digital holographic phase demodulation scheme for relatively lowcarrier frequency holograms-deep learning assisted variational Hilbert quantitative phase imaging(DL-VHQPI).The method,incorporating a conventional deep neural network into a complete physical model utilizing the idea of residual compensation,reliably and robustly recovers the quantitative phase information of the test objects.It can significantly alleviate spectrum-overlapping-caused phase artifacts under the slightly off-axis digital holographic system.Compared to the conventional end-to-end networks(without a physical model),the proposed method can reduce the dataset size dramatically while maintaining the imaging quality and model generalization.The DL-VHQPI is quantitatively studied by numerical simulation.The live-cell experiment is designed to demonstrate the method's practicality in biological research.The proposed idea of the deep learning-assisted physical model might be extended to diverse computational imaging techniques.

High-sensitivity phase imaging eddy current magneto-optical system for carbon fiber reinforced polymers detection

This paper proposed a high-sensitivity phase imaging eddy current magneto-optical (PI-ECMO) system for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) defect detection. In contrast to other eddy current-based detection systems, the proposed system employs a fixed position excitation coil while enabling the detection point to move within the detection region. This configuration effectively mitigates the interference caused by the lift-off effect, which is commonly observed in systems with moving excitation coils. Correspondingly, the relationship between the defect characteristics (orientation and position) and the surface vertical magnetic field distribution (amplitude and phase) is studied in detail by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. Experiments conducted on woven CFRP plates demonstrate that the designed PI-ECMO system is capable of effectively detecting both surface and internal cracks, as well as impact defects. The excitation current is significantly reduced compared with traditional eddy current magneto-optical (ECMO) systems.

Improved Clamped Diode Based Z-Source Network for Three Phase Induction Motor

The 3Φinduction motor is a broadly used electric machine in industrial applications,which plays a vital role in industries because of having plenty of beneficial impacts like low cost and easiness but the problems like decrease in motor speed due to load,high consumption of current and high ripple occurrence of ripples have reduced its preferences.The ultimate objective of this study is to control change in motor speed due to load variations.An improved Trans Z Source Inverter(ΓZSI)with a clamping diode is employed to maintain constant input voltage,reduce ripples and voltage overshoot.To operate induction motor at rated speed,different controllers are used.The conventional Proportional-Inte-gral(PI)controller suffers from high settling time and maximum peak overshoot.To overcome these limitations,Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative(FOPID)controller optimized by Gray Wolf Optimization(GWO)technique is employed to provide better performance by eliminating maximum peak overshoot pro-blems.The proposed speed controller provides good dynamic response and controls the induction motor more effectively.The complete setup is implemented in MATLAB Simulation to verify the simulation results.The proposed approach provides optimal performance with high torque and speed along with less steady state error.

Progress of MJO Prediction at CMA from Phase I to Phase II of the Sub-Seasonal to Seasonal Prediction Project

As one of the participants in the Subseasonal to Seasonal(S2S)Prediction Project,the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)has adopted several model versions to participate in the S2S Project.This study evaluates the models’capability to simulate and predict the Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO).Three versions of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model(BCC-CSM)are used to conduct historical simulations and re-forecast experiments(referred to as EXP1,EXP1-M,and EXP2,respectively).In simulating MJO characteristics,the newly-developed high-resolution BCC-CSM outperforms its predecessors.In terms of MJO prediction,the useful prediction skill of the MJO index is enhanced from 15 days in EXP1 to 22 days in EXP1-M,and further to 24 days in EXP2.Within the first forecast week,the better initial condition in EXP2 largely contributes to the enhancement of MJO prediction skill.However,during forecast weeks 2–3,EXP2 shows little advantage compared with EXP1-M because the increased skill at MJO initial phases 6–7 is largely offset by the degraded skill at MJO initial phases 2–3.Particularly at initial phases 2–3,EXP1-M skillfully captures the wind field and Kelvin-wave response to MJO convection,leading to the highest prediction skill of the MJO.Our results reveal that,during the participation of the CMA models in the S2S Project,both the improved model initialization and updated model physics played positive roles in improving MJO prediction.Future efforts should focus on improving the model physics to better simulate MJO convection over the Maritime Continent and further improve MJO prediction at long lead times.

Chiral current regulation and detection of Berry phase in triangular triple quantum dots

Based on the hierarchical equations of motion(HEOM)calculation,we theoretically investigate the corresponding control of a triangular triple-quantum-dots(TTQD)ring which is connected to two reservoirs.We initially demonstrate by adding bias voltage and further adjusting the coupling strength between quantum dots,the chiral current induced by bias will go through a transformation of clockwise to counterclockwise direction and an unprecedented effective Hall angle will be triggered.The transformation is very rapid,with a corresponding characteristic time of 80-200 ps.In addition,by adding a magnetic flux to compensate for the chiral current in the original system,we elucidate the relationship between the applied magnetic flux and the Berry phase,which can realize direct measurement of the chiral current and reveal the magnetoelectric coupling relationship.

New role of α phase in the fracture behavior and fracture toughness of a β-type bio-titanium alloy

The role of α precipitates formed during aging in the fracture toughness and fracture behavior of β-type bio-titanium alloy Ti–29Nb–13Ta–4.6Zr(TNTZ) was studied. Results showed that the fracture toughness of the TNTZ alloy aged at 723 K decreases to the minimum of 72.07–73.19 kJ·m^(-2)when the aging time is extended to 4–8 h and then gradually increases and reaches 144.89 kJ·m^(-2)after 72 h. The decrease in fracture toughness within the aging time of 4–8 h is caused by the large stress concentration at the tip of acicular α precipitates with a high aspect ratio and the preferential crack propagation along the inhomogeneous acicular α precipitates distributed in “V-shape” and “nearly perpendicular shape”. When the aging time is extended to 8–72 h, the precrack tip is uniformly blunted, and the crack is effectively deflected by α precipitates with multi long axis directions, more high homogeneity, low aspect ratio, and large number density. Analysis of the effect of αprecipitates on the fracture behavior suggested that the number of long axis directions of α precipitates is the key controlling factor for the fracture behavior and fracture toughness of the TNTZ alloy aged for different times.

Nonadiabatic geometric phase in a doubly driven two-level system

We study theoretically the nonadiabatic geometric phase of a doubly driven two-level system with an additional relative phase between the two driving modes introduced in. It is shown that the time evolution of the system strongly depends on this relative phase. The condition for the system returning to its initial state after a single period is given by the means of the Landau–Zener–Stückelberg–Majorana destructive interference. The nonadiabatic geometric phase accompanying a cyclic evolution is shown to be related to the Stokes phase as well as this relative phase. By controlling the relative phase, the geometric phase can characterize two distinct phases in the adiabatic limit.

Pregnancy outcomes following supplementation of single dose GnRH agonist to sustain the luteal phase in antagonist fresh embryo transfer cycles:A multicentric prospective cohort study

Objective:To determine whether a single dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonist administered subcutaneously in addition to the regular progesterone supplementation could provide a better luteal support in antagonist protocol fresh embryo transfer cycles.Methods:This prospective,multicentric,cohort study included total 140 women,70 in each group.Controlled ovarian stimulation was carried out as per fixed GnRH antagonist protocol.The trigger was given with hCG.In vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF/ICSI)was performed and day-3 embryos were transferred.Patients were divided into groups 1 and 2 based on computer generated randomization sheet.Six days following oocyte retrieval,group 1 received 0.2 mg decapeptyl subcutaneously in addition to regular progesterone support while group 2 received progesterone only.Luteal support was given for 14 days to both groups;if pregnancy was confirmed luteal support was continued till 12 weeks of gestation.The clinical pregnancy rate was the primary outcome.The implantation rate,miscarriage rate,live birth delivery rate,and multiple pregnancy rates were the secondary outcomes.Results:A total of 140 patients were analysed,70 in each group.Clinical pregnancy rates(47.1%vs.35.7%;P=0.17),implantation rates(23.4%vs.18.1%,P=0.24),live birth delivery rates(41.4%vs.27.1%,P=0.08),and multiple pregnancy rates(21.2%vs.16.0%,P=0.74)were higher in group 1 than in group 2.Group 1 had a lower miscarriage rate than group 2(5.7%vs.8.6%;P=0.75).However,these differences were not statistically significant between the two groups.Conclusions:Administration of a single dose of GnRH agonist in addition to regular natural micronized vaginal progesterone as luteal support in GnRH antagonist protocol cycles marginally improves implantation rates,clinical pregnancy rates,and live birth delivery rates.However,more studies with higher sample sizes are needed before any conclusive statements about GnRH agonist as luteal phase support can be made.

Analysis and Design of a Phase Interpolator for Clock and Data Recovery

In this paper,a detailed analysis of a phase interpolator for clock recovery is presented. A mathematical model is setup for the phase interpolator and we perform a precise analysis using this model. The result shows that the output amplitude and linearity of phase interpolator is primarily related to the difference between the two input phases. A new encoding pattern is given to solve this problem. Analysis in the circuit domain was also undertaken. The simulation results show that the relation between RC time-constant and time difference of input clocks affects the linearity of the phase interpolator. To alleviate this undesired effect, two adjustable-RC buffers are added at the input of the PI. Finally,a 90nm CMOS phase interpolator,which can work in the frequency from 1GHz to 5GHz,is proposed. The power dissipation of the phase interpolator is lmW with a 1.2V power supply. Experiment results show that the phase interpolator has a monotone output phase and good linearity.

Analysis of phase in Cu-15%Cr-0.24%Zr alloy

The vacuum medium-frequency induction melting technology was employed to prepare the Cu-15%Cr-0.24%Zr alloy. The scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM） were used to analyze the phase composition, morphology and structure of the alloy. The results reveal that the as-cast structure of the alloy consists of Cu matrix, Cr dendrite, eutectic Cr and Zr-rich phase. A large number of Cr-precipitated phases occur in the Cu matrix, and Cu5Zr particles can be found in the grain boundary of Cu matrix. The HRTEM images prove that there is a semi-coherent relationship between Cu5Zr and Cu matrix.

Ageing process of pre-precipitation phase in Ni_(0.75)Al_(0.05)Fe_(0.2) alloy based on phase field method

By utilizing phase field method combined with analysis on free energy and interatomic potentials, pre-precipitation phase formation and transformation process of Ni0.75Al0.05Fe0.2 alloy in early precipitation stage during the ageing process under 1 000 K were studied. And free energy, microstructures, compositions and volume fractions of pre-precipitation phase and equilibrium phase were analyzed. The simulation results indicate that nonstoichiometric Llo pre-precipitation phase formed first, and then would gradually transform into L12 equilibrium phase. It is discovered that the phase transformation process was closely related to free energy and interatomic potentials. Additionally, it is revealed that free energy of Llo pre-precipitation phase was higher and interatomic potential was smaller than that of L12 equilibrium phase. Therefore, it is concluded that Llo phase was unstable, and phase transformation would occur to L12 which was more stable.

Morphology and crystallography of β precipitate phase in Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zr alloy

Morphology and crystal structure of β precipitate phase in Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr (mass fraction, %) alloy were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Compositions were determined for β phase using thin foil energy dispersive spectroscopy. Precipitation at 400 ℃ involves formation of platelet and block-shaped β phase. The orientation relationship is and between β precipitate phase and α-Mg matrix with habit planes parallel to , and a composition of Mg5(Y0.4Gd0.4Nd0.2) is suggested for the β phase in Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy.

Effect of Ce,Co,B on formation of LaCo_(13)-structure phase in La(Fe,Si)_(13) alloys

The effect of Ce, Co, and B on the formation of 1：13 phase in La（Fe, Si）13 alloys was investigated by XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that Co can improve the formation of 1：13 phase in as-cast LaFe11.6-xCoxSi1.4 alloys, but in as-cast and annealed LaFe11.6Si1.4-xCox alloys, it will hamper the formation of 1：13 phase and help the formation of a-Fe（Co, Si） solid solution. Ce2Fel7 phases will form when x reaches a certain value in as-cast and annealed La1-xCexFe11.5Si1.5 alloys. B can improve the formation of 1：13 phase accompanied with Fe2B phase in as-cast LaFe11.6-xBxSi1.4 alloys. B improves the formation of a-Fe solid solution in LaFe11.6Si1.4-xBx alloys, and there is almost only a-Fe in as-cast and annealed LaFe11.6Si0.9B0.5 alloy. In all, the introduction of Co, B, and Ce cannot eliminate the a-Fe phases in corresponding alloys prepared by the high-temperature and short-time annealing process.

Phase I study of chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in Chinese patients with CD20-positive non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma

Objective： This study was designed to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics and biologic effects of a humanmouse chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody （SCT400） in Chinese padents with CD20-positive B-cell non- Hodgkin＇s lymphoma （CD20 B-cell NHL）. SCT400 has an identical amino acid sequence as rituximab, with the exception of one amino acid in the CH1 domain of the heavy chain, which is common in Asians. Methods： Fifteen patients with CD20＋ B-cell NHL received dose-escalating SCT400 infusions （250 mg/m2： n=3; 375 mg/m2： n=9; 500 mg/m2： n=3） once weekly for 4 consecutive weeks with a 24-week follow-up period. The data of all patients were collected for pharmacoklnetics and pharmacodynamics analyses. Results： No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Most drug-related adverse events were grade 1 or 2. Two patients had grade 3 or 4 ncutropenia. Under premedication, the drug-related infusion reaction was mild. A rapid, profound and durable depletion of circulating B cells was observed in all dose groups without significant effects on T cell count, natural killer （NK） cell count or immunoglobulin levels. No patient developed anti- SCT400 antibodies during the course of the study. SCT400 serum half-life （Tin）, maximum concentration （Cmax and area under the curve （AUC） generally increased between the first and fourth infusions （P〈0.05）. At the 375 mg/m2 dose, the T1/2 was 122.5±46.7 h vs. 197.0,75.0 11, respectively, and the Cmax was 200.6±20.2 pg/mL vs. 339.1±71.0 ng/mL, respectively. From 250 mg/m2 to 500 mg/m2, the Cmax and AUC increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner （P〈0.05）. Patients with a high tumor burden had markedly lower serum SCT400 concenmations compared with those without or with a low tumor burden. Of the 9 assessable patients, 1 achieved complete response and 2 achieved partial responses. Conclusions; SCT400 is well-tolerated and has encouraging preliminary efficacy in Chinese patients with CD20＋ B-cell NHL.

PROGRESS IN PHASE INVERSION EMULSIFICATION FOR EPOXY RESIN WATERBORNE DISPERSIONS

In this review, our recent work in phase inversion emulsification （PIE） for polymer （especially epoxy resin） waterborne dispersions is summarized. Based on experimental results about PIE process, the physical model is proposed which can guide the synthesis of the waterborne dispersions such as polymer/nanoparticle composite dispersion. In the presence of a latent curing catalyst, PIE can give a crosslinkable epoxy resin waterborne dispersion. The dispersions can form cured transparent coatings with some unique properties such as UV shielding. They are promising in functional coatings, waterborne resin matrices for composites, and sizing for high performance fibers.

A phase inversion based sponge-like polysulfonamide/SiO_2 composite separator for high performance lithium-ion batteries

In this work,a sponge-like polysulfonamide(PSA)/SiO_2 composite membrane is unprecedentedly prepared by the phase inversion method,and successfully demonstrated as a novel separator of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Compared to the commercial polypropylene(PP) separator,the sponge-like PSA/SiO_2 composite possesses better physical and electrochemical properties,such as higher porosity,ionic conductivity,thermal stability and flame retarding ability.The LiCoO_2/Li half-cells using the sponge-like composite separator demonstrate superior rate capability and cyclability over those using the commercial PP separator.Moreover,the sponge-like composite separator can ensure the normal operation of LiCoO_2/Li half-cell at an extremely high temperature of 90 °C,while the commercial PP separator cannot.All these encouraging results suggest that this phase inversion based sponge-like PSA/SiO_2 composite separator is really a promising separator for high performance LIBs.