A Novel Receiving Method for Baseband DSSS Signal based on Phase Domain Processing

In this paper, the phase characteristic disturbance model for baseband direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signal in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) environment is established, and the probability density function (PDF) of phase characteristic disturbance is obtained. Then a novel receiver model for baseband DSSS signal based on maximum likelihood (ML) criterion is proposed. The simulation results show that, comparing with correlation scheme, the performance of the proposed method for baseband DSSS signal is 1dB worse in AWGN environment. However, if there is narrow interference in the AWGN environment, the proposed method will show better performance up to 2.5dB, and it has good adaptive resistance to narrowband interference located in different frequency points. This method could be used as an alterative communication scheme for military circumstance when existing strong narrowband interference of various frequencies.

An Alternative Three-phase Transmission Lines Model in Phase Domain

The objective of this paper is to show an alternative model of a non-transposed three-phase transmission line with a vertical symmetry plane in phase domain. Due the line physical characteristics, it can be represented by a system consisting of a single?phase and a two-phase line. In this system, the equations describing the behavior of the values in single-phase line terminals are known, while the equations for two-phase line to be obtained. Using a transformation matrix written explicitly according to three-phase line parameters, it is possible to obtain the currents and voltages in phase domain of two-phase line. Then, modal values of three-phase line are converted into phase domain and thus obtain the analytical model for this line. To verify the performance of this model, it was used to simulate the energization of a 440 kV three-phase line and the results were compared to results obtained using a classical model.

Microscopic phase-field simulation of ordered domain interfaces formed between DO_(22) phases along [100] direction

Ordered domain interfaces formed between DO22 (Ni3V) phases along [100] direction during the precipitation process of Ni75AlxV25-x alloys were simulated by using the microscopic phase-field model. The atomic structure, migration process, and compositions of interfaces were investigated. It is found that there are four kinds of stable ordered domain interfaces formed between DO22 phases along [100] direction and all of them can migrate. During the migration of interfaces, the jump of atoms shows site selectivity behaviors and each stable interface forms a distinctive transition interface. The atom jump selects the optimist way to induce the migration of interface, and the atomic structures of interfaces retain the same before and after the migration. The alloy elements have different preferences of segregation or depletion at different interfaces. At all the four kinds of interfaces, Ni and Al segregate but V depletes. The degrees of segregation and depletion are also different at different interfaces.

Shape-induced phase transition of vortex domain structures in ferroelectric nanodots and their controllability by electrical and mechanical loads

Shape-induced phase transition of vortex domain structures （VDSs） in BaTiO3 （BT） nanodots under open circuit boundary condition have been investigated using an effective Hamiltonian method. Our calculation indicates the tetragonal VDS missing in cubic BT nanodots can be induced by varying the shape of a nanodot from cube to platelet. Interestingly, a novel VDS is found in BT nanoplatelets in our simulations. Further investigation shows that it is a result of compromise between the ground state and the symmetry of the shape of the nanodot. Furthermore, based on the novel VDS, routes of controlling VDSs governed by homogeneous electric field and uniform stress are discussed. In particular, our results show the possibility of designing multi-states devices based on a single VDS. ~ 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics.

Replacement of annular domain with trapezoidal domain in computational modeling of nonaqueous-phase-liquid dissolution-front propagation problems

In order to simulate the instability phenomenon of a nonaqueous phase liquid(NAPL) dissolution front in a computational model, the intrinsic characteristic length is commonly used to determine the length scale at which the instability of the NAPL dissolution front can be initiated. This will require a huge number of finite elements if a whole NAPL dissolution system is simulated in the computational model. Even though modern supercomputers might be used to tackle this kind of NAPL dissolution problem, it can become prohibitive for commonly-used personal computers to do so. The main purpose of this work is to investigate whether or not the whole NAPL dissolution system of an annular domain can be replaced by a trapezoidal domain, so as to greatly reduce the requirements for computer efforts. The related simulation results have demonstrated that when the NAPL dissolution system under consideration is in a subcritical state, if the dissolution pattern around the entrance of an annulus domain is of interest, then a trapezoidal domain cannot be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system.However, if the dissolution pattern away from the vicinity of the entrance of an annulus domain is of interest, then a trapezoidal domain can be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system. When the NAPL dissolution system under consideration is in a supercritical state, a trapezoidal domain cannot be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system.

NON-LOCAL MODELING ON MACROSCOPIC DOMAIN PATTERNS IN PHASE TRANSFORMATION OF NiTi TUBES

Recent experiments revealed many new phenomena of the macroscopic domain patterns in the stress-induced phase transformation of a superelastic polycrystalline NiTi tube during tensile loading. The new phenomena include deformation instability with the formation of a helical domain, domain topology transition from helix to cylinder, domain-front branching and loading-path dependence of domain patterns. In this paper, we model the polycrystal as an elastic continuum with nonconvex strain energy and adopt the non-local strain gradient energy to account for the energy of the diffusive domain front. We simulate the equilibrium domain patterns and their evolution in the tubes under tensile loading by a non-local Finite Element Method （FEM）. It is revealed that the observed loading-path dependence and topology transition of do- main patterns are due to the thermodynamic metastability of the tube system. The computation also shows that the tube-wall thickness has a significant effect on the domain patterns： with fixed material properties and interfacial energy density, a large tube-wall thickness leads to a long and slim helical domain and a severe branching of the cylindrical-domain front.

Phase field simulation of the 180°domain-switching process in PbTiO_3 single crystal under an antiparallel electric field

The process of 180°domain switching in PbTiO_3 single crystal under an antiparallel electric field was investigated by the three-dimensional phase field simulation,especially the effect of electric field on the type and duration of domain switching.It is found that the polarization reversal of domains takes place under an antiparallel electric field in PbTiO_3 single crystal.The results of the phase field simulation indicate that there is only 90°domain switching under a weak electric field.With the rise of the electric field,180°domain switching appears.If the electric field is strengthened further,90°domain switching disappears and the duration of domain switching is shortened.

Phase-field simulation of the effect of interaction among ordered domains on interdiffusion in Ni-Al-Cr alloys

The effect of interaction among γ′ ordered domains on the interdiffusion process in γ＋γ′ and γ＋γ′/γ＋γ′ diffusion couples is investigated by using the phase-field method, in which bulk free energy and mobility are linked with thermodynamic and kinetic databases. Simulated results show that the interaction among γ′ ordered domains has great influence on the microstructure, the interdiffnsion velocity and the volume fraction ofγ′ phase on both sides of the diffusion couples.

Optical simulation of in-plane-switching blue phase liquid crystal display using the finite-difference time-domain method

The finite-difference time-domain method is used to simulate the optical characteristics of an in-plane switching blue phase liquid crystal display.Compared with the matrix optic methods and the refractive method,the finite-difference timedomain method,which is used to directly solve Maxwell＇s equations,can consider the lateral variation of the refractive index and obtain an accurate convergence effect.The simulation results show that e-rays and o-rays bend in different directions when the in-plane switching blue phase liquid crystal display is driven by the operating voltage.The finitedifference time-domain method should be used when the distribution of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal display has a large lateral change.

Numerical Simulation of a Domain-Tessellation Pattern on a Spherical Surface Using a Phase Field Model

A numerical simulation scheme is proposed to analyze domain tessellation and pattern formation on a spherical surface using the phase-field method. A multi-phase-field model is adopted to represent domain growth, and the finite-difference method (FDM) is used for numerical integration. The lattice points for the FDM are distributed regularly on a spherical surface so that a mostly regular triangular domain division is realized. First, a conventional diffusion process is simulated using this lattice to confirm its validity. The multi-phase-field equation is then applied, and pattern formation processes under various initial conditions are simulated. Unlike pattern formation on a flat plane, where the regular hexagonal domains are always stable, certain different patterns are generated. Specifically, characteristic stable patterns are obtained when the number of domains, n, is 6, 8, or 12;for instance, a regular pentagonal domain division pattern is generated for n = 12, which corresponds to a regular dodecahedron.

Global Existence of Solutions for Baer-Nunziato Two-Phase Flow Model in a Bounded Domain

In this paper, we study the global existence and uniqueness of strong solutions for the Baer-Nunziato two-phase flow model in a bounded domain with a no-slip boundary. The global existence and uniqueness of strong solutions are obtained when the initial value is near the equilibrium state in H2 (Ω). Furthermore, the exponential convergence rates of the pressure and velocity are also proved by delicate energy methods.

相干衰落抑制Φ-OTDR的分布式光纤周界安防技术

基于相位敏感光时域反射计(Φ-OTDR)的分布式光纤振动传感系统在铁路周界安防中有着重要的应用前景.为降低Φ-OTDR中固有的相干衰落对相位解调的影响,提高扰动信号识别率,提出一种基于矢量旋转滑动平均(MVRA)的相干衰落抑制方法.首先,对探测信号复矢量化,并对各位置的复矢量信号按初相角进行旋转对齐;然后,采用滑动平均的方法缓和信号幅度起伏以及减小噪声功率,提高信噪比,进而抑制相干衰落;其次,从衰落抑制信号解调出扰动信号,将MVRA与频谱提取重组(SERM)、数字向移变换(DPST)方法进行对比,通过差分相位标准差验证抗衰落效果;最后,通过搭建分布式光纤周界入侵检测实验平台,模拟环境噪声、应力破坏、攀爬、剪网4种防护扰动信号,以解调的相位灰度图作为特征图像,使用卷积神经网络进行模式识别.实验结果表明:相比SERM、DPST,MVRA能更高效地抑制衰落,当滑动窗长50 ns时,MVRA提高11.2 dB信噪比;扰动信号的识别率由衰落抑制前的88%提高到衰落抑制后的92%.

基于φ-OTDR的车辆振动信号检测方法

针对相位敏感光时域反射计(Phase Sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflectometer,φ-OTDR)系统在车辆振动信号检测中信号信噪比低且检测准确率受频率影响的问题,提出了一种引导边缘滤波检测(Guided Edge Filter,GEF)方法。GEF方法在减少噪声影响的同时保留并提取出有效的振动位置信息。使用PZT分别产生不同频率的振动信号,将GEF方法与直接振幅差分法进行实验对比。结果表明,使用GEF方法得到的平均信噪比相较于直接振幅差分法提高了3.26 dB。使用公路上行驶车辆的振动信号进行测试,结果表明,使用GEF方法得到的信噪比最高为3.98 dB,比直接振幅差分法提高了2.65 dB。

基于PSO-SVM的Φ-OTDR系统模式识别研究

针对相位敏感光时域反射仪(phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer,Φ-OTDR)系统中误报率高的问题,提出一种多域特征提取与粒子群算法优化支持向量机(particle swarm optimization-support vector machine,PSO-SVM)相结合的模式识别算法。首先,对原始信号进行差分处理后提取时域特征,并利用小波包分解方法,通过验证不同分解层数下的事件分类准确率,设定最优分解层数为6层,提取差分信号的能量特征。然后以SVM分类器为基础,利用PSO算法优化SVM分类器参数,提高光纤振动信号识别准确率。最后利用Φ-OTDR事件数据集进行验证,实验结果表明,该模式识别算法达到了95.6%的振动事件分类准确率。

井下动水截流施工骨料堆积生长机制研究

灌注骨料形成阻水屏障实现截流降速是井下治水工程的关键所在。为定量描述骨料堆积生长的时空演化机理,提出了将骨料沉降堆积过程切分为具有一定厚度的片状颗粒层堆叠过程的分析计算方法,以及动水环境中骨料灌注后从沉降到堆积全过程关键参量(颗粒水平移距xd,动水休止角ψ,未接顶区流速U,骨料留存临界流速U_(cr))的理论计算公式,在此基础上构建了骨料堆积体生长预测模型。通过CFD-DEM双向耦合算法研究了骨料灌注期间流场分布演化特征和骨料堆积形态差异,并验证了预测模型合理性。研究表明:空间上,依据初始流速U_(s)是否超过骨料起动流速U_(c)或骨料留存临界流速U_(cr),可将截流初期骨料沉积主域的所在位置划分为3个区域,若沉积主域位于③区,则将其视为无效灌注;时间上,骨料堆积体生长过程可归结为3个阶段:高度快速增长阶段、高度长度同步生长阶段、仅水平向伸长阶段;初始流速决定了第1阶段的有无,而灌注条件(骨料粒径、灌注速度)主导着第1阶段所持续的时间;基于泥沙运动力学中推移质输沙率、起动流速等概念,得出了堵孔现象发生及骨料能否留存的临界判据;数值模拟试验结果表明,预测模型能够较好地刻画骨料灌注后的堆积生长规律,骨料堆积稳定后,理论计算值与模拟试验值相对误差小于10%。

宽增益高效率CLLLC变换器的变频双移相调制策略

在输入电压宽范围变化时,变频调制CLLLC变换器存在开关频率变化范围宽的问题,而移相调制CLLLC变换器难以实现宽范围零电压导通(ZVS)。为了实现宽输入电压CLLLC变换器的高效率,该文提出一种变频双移相调制方法。通过同时调节开关频率、一次侧全桥和二次侧全桥之间的移相角,拓宽CLLLC变换器的增益并提高其效率。采用时域分析法求解变频双移相调制CLLLC变换器的电压增益与谐振电感电流有效值,并分析频率以及移相角对电压增益和谐振电感电流有效值的影响。最后,通过搭建一台100~300 V输入、48 V/400 W输出的实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性。

基于时域编码超表面脉内-脉间编码优化的雷达干扰方法

时域编码超表面是一项可以对电磁波进行时变调制的新技术,针对该技术的调控特性,该文提出了一种基于时域编码超表面脉内-脉间编码优化的雷达干扰方法。首先分别在快时间域和慢时间域建立优化模型,通过优化脉内-脉间相位编码,实现目标能量的搬移,形成距离-多普勒二维图上的欺骗干扰。然后通过遗传算法对该离散优化模型进行求解。另外,该文从超表面编码策略的角度分析了多种调控因素对干扰效果的影响,为实现欺骗干扰的最佳策略提供指导。

一种基于离散时域模型的单相PWM整流器控制参数多目标优化设计方法

单相PWM整流器一般采用电压外环比例积分、电流内环比例谐振的双闭环控制方法,在实现交流侧高功率因数的同时稳定直流侧输出电压,因此受到国内外学者的广泛研究。然而,在内外环控制参数设计阶段,传统设计方法一般根据经验选取控制参数,参数选取范围较大,且无法量化评估控制参数的时域控制效果,导致参数优化整定困难。为此,该文提出一种基于离散时域模型的内外环控制参数多目标优化设计方法。首先,采用传统设计方法确定电压外环比例、积分控制参数以及电流内环比例、谐振控制参数的安全设计空间;然后,基于离散时域模型将安全设计空间正映射至控制参数的时域性能空间,实现电流内环控制参数对交流侧功率因数以及电压外环控制参数对直流侧电压超调量的量化评估。在此基础上,通过进一步约束性能目标得到性能优化设计空间,考虑内外环控制参数的耦合效应,对内外环性能优化设计空间进行重新组合,再将其映射至性能空间,得到内外环控制目标帕累托最优前沿下的最优设计空间,从中选取内外环控制参数的优化设计点,在典型工况下实验测得的交流侧功率因数为0.981 26,直流输出电压超调量绝对值为1.37%,证明了所提优化设计方法的正确性。

考虑车辆稳定的避障路径自适应模型预测跟踪

为了提高车辆在稳定行驶前提下的避障路径跟踪控制精度,设计了自适应模型预测路径跟踪控制器和稳定控制器。根据车辆运动特性,建立了车辆在横向和横摆向共三个自由度的车辆动力学方程;基于路径跟踪控制需要,建立了预瞄跟踪控制模型。在避障路径跟踪方面,提出了预测时域随车速和路径曲率自适应变化方法;以提高避障路径跟踪精度和控制量增量最小为优化目标,将路径跟踪控制问题转化为二次型问题,实现了自适应优化求解和时域滚动控制。在车辆行驶稳定方面,从车辆状态的稳定性预判、稳定力矩的计算和分配等方面设计了稳定控制器。经仿真验证,这里的方法能够将车辆状态控制在相平面的双线法稳定区域内,实现了车辆行驶的稳定性和安全性;在避障路径跟踪方面,这里的方法的最大跟踪误差和绝对误差均值远小于传统模型预测控制、文献[14]模糊滑模控制,充分证明了这里的方法在避障路径跟踪控制中的高精度和有效性。

基于相位敏感光时域反射的海底电缆外部扰动监测方法

海底电缆是连接陆地和海洋电网的重要纽带,锚击、渔网拖曳等外力破坏是其安全稳定运行的主要威胁。为监测海底电缆外部扰动,基于相位敏感光时域反射技术,设计外差相干型的扰动监测装置,采用正交解调和移动方差平均法识别和定位扰动信号,并进行试验验证与现场应用。结果表明:所提方法可有效提取传感光纤中的背向散射光幅值与相位信息;外部扰动造成的相位变化,会引起幅值波动与相位跳变;采用移动方差平均算法提取幅值波动区,可实现外部扰动定位;基于扰动点相位信息,可反演得到扰动时域波形。外差相干型探测技术可用于海底电缆外部扰动监测。