Comparative analysis of phase extraction methods based on phase-stepping and shifting curve in grating interferometry

Two phase extraction methods which are based separately on phase-stepping and shifting curve are mainly used in phase-sensitive imaging in gating interferometry to determine the x-ray phase shift induced by an object in the beam. In this paper, the authors perform a full comparative analysis and present the main virtues and limitations of these two methods according to the theoretical analysis of the grating interferometry.

DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT USING DUAL-FREQUENCY PROJECTION GRATING PHASE-SHIFT PROFILOMETRY

2π phase ambiguity problem is very important in phase measurement when a deformed object has a large out of plane displacement. The dual-frequency projection grating phaseshifting profilometry （PSP） can be used to solve such an issue. In the measurement, two properchosen frequency gratings are utilized to synthesize an equivalent wavelength grating which ensures the computed phase in a principal phase range. Thus, the error caused by the phase unwrapping process with the conventional phase reconstruct algorithm can be eliminated. Finally, experimental result of a specimen with large plastic deformation is given to prove that the proposed method is effective to handle the phase discontinuity.

Profilometry with Grating Projection Based on One-step Phase Shift

An optical technique for 3 D shape measurement is presented. This technique, based on a deformed projected grating pattern which carries 3 D information of the measured object, can automatically and accurately obtain the phase map of a measured object by using one step phase shift algorithm.In comparison with traditional phase shift technique, the technique is much faster, with the equivalent accuracy. Only one frame image is sufficient for measuring. Experimental result of typical object is presented.

典型分形结构光栅的Fraunhofer衍射数值模拟

本文旨在研究Cantor条幅、Cantor地毯、Sierpinski垫片三种自相似分形结构的Fraunhofer衍射场在屏上的光强分布以及自相似分形结构的几何规律.通过复数积分法和位移相移定理,得到了屏幕上不同位置相对光强的数学表达式。随后,使用MATLAB进行数值计算和后处理,以直观的方式呈现出衍射图案.结果显示:衍射光强分布主体对称性由母代衍射图样的对称性确定;随着分形子代的增多,衍射图样在母代对称结构图样上逐渐分支复杂,最终收敛于类母代衍射图样,并满足衍射反比律.内容为光栅衍射和位移相移定理的教学拓展提供参考案例。

基于绝缘体上硅纳米线的布拉格相移光栅

基于金属互连的电子集成芯片串扰、延迟、散热以及功耗等问题日益凸显,已经难以满足日益增长的数据处理需求。光电集成技术作为下一代互连技术,随着其不断发展,业界对光电器件尺寸和性能的要求越来越高。【目的】为了能够兼顾布拉格相移光栅的器件大小和损耗,实现结构紧凑的相移光栅器件,文章提出了一种基于绝缘体上硅(SOI)纳米线的布拉格相移光栅。【方法】文章所提布拉格相移光栅是通过光刻技术在硅纳米线上制作周期性凹槽,构造光栅结构,从而降低光信号的传输损耗。为了验证文章所提布拉格相移光栅的性能,在入射波长范围为1400~1600 nm条件下,采用有限元法和时域有限元法对该器件的传输模式与传输特性进行了分析研究。此外,为了能够获得最佳的布拉格相移光栅结构参数,引入Q因子作为布拉格相移光栅结构优化设计的目标参数。【结果】研究结果表明,文章所提布拉格相移光栅在波长范围为1400~1600 nm条件下,具有优异的波长选择性能,并且几乎没有传输损耗;Q因子最大值为159时,该布拉格相移光栅性能最佳,光栅周期N为60。【结论】文章所提基于SOI纳米线布拉格相移光栅能够兼容传统半导体制备工艺,与基于表面等离激元布拉格相移光栅相比,在制造成本和光信号传输损耗方面具有较大的优势,能够广泛应用于密集波分复用、生物传感和滤波等领域。

Microwave photonic phase shifter with spectral separation processing using a linear chirped fiber Bragg grating

A stable and broadband microwave photonic phase shifter based on the combined use of a linear chirped fiber Bragg grating and optical single-sideband （OSSB） modulation is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The quality of the radio frequency （RF） signal is improved by the spectral separation delay processing. The theoretical fundamentals of the scheme are explained and the phase shift can be controlled linearly by the wave- length of the light source. In the experiment, a full 360° phase shift with a 10 GHz bandwidth can be achieved and tuned dynamically, continuously, and stably.

An Optical Fiber Hydrophone Using Equivalent Phase Shift Fiber Bragg Grating for Underwater Acoustic Measurement

An optical fiber hydrophone based on equivalent phase shift fiber Bragg grating （EPS-FBG） with temperature compensation package provides an improvement of sensitivity in underwater acoustic measurement at wide frequency range, from 2.SkHz to 12kHz. The acoustic pressure is transduced into elastic vibration of a circle metal disk, resulting in an intensity modulation of the reflected light wave back from fiber Bragg grating （FBG）. Experiment shows that the 500 EPS-FBG hydrophone has a minimum detectable acoustic pressure of about at 5 kHz and achieves about 18-dB improvement of acoustic pressure sensitivity compared with a regular apodized FBG hydrophone.

Tunable phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating based on a microchannel fabricated by a femtosecond laser

A phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating(PS-FBG) based on a microchannel was proposed and realized by combining the pointby-point scanning method with chemical etching. The PS-FBG is composed of a fiber Bragg grating(FBG) and a microchannel through the fiber core. The microchannel can introduce phase shift into the FBG. What is more important is that it exposes the fiber core to the external environment. The phase shift peak is sensitive to the liquid refractive index, and it shows a linear refractive index response wavelength and intensity sensitivity of 2.526 nm/RIU and-111 d B/RIU, respectively.Therefore, such gratings can be used as sensors or tunable filters.

An interferometric phase shift fiber Bragg grating sensing system with greatly reduced background phase noise

We presented an interferometric phase shift fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensor, which inherited the advantages of FBG sensors, and, at the same time, the greatly reduced full-width-at-half-maximum bandwidth brought longer coherent length, higher sensitivity, and lower phase noise. Experiments show that at least a 7 dB reduction of phase noise can be achieved compared to FBG sensors interrogated by interferometer with the same optical path difference.

高成品率大耦合因子DFB激光二极管芯片设计与制备

设计并制备了一种基于相移光栅的大耦合因子分布反馈(DFB)激光二极管芯片,解释了相移光栅在大耦合因子下实现芯片高成品率的机理。采用传输矩阵法模拟了不同耦合因子下随机相位对均匀光栅和相移光栅激光二极管芯片单模特性的影响,发现对于常规均匀光栅DFB结构,随着耦合因子的增加,芯片阈值增益差会明显降低,从而降低芯片单模成品率;而相移光栅DFB结构在不同耦合因子下,芯片阈值增益差并没有明显变化,仍能够保证比较高的单模成品率。采用电子束光刻制作了1/4波长相移光栅和均匀光栅并进行了对比,最后制备出大归一化耦合因子(κL=2.1)的相移光栅DFB激光器二极管芯片。测试统计数据显示,与均匀光栅激光二极管芯片相比,新型相移光栅DFB激光二极管芯片成品率明显高,达70%以上。与常规归一化耦合因子(κL≈1.2)DFB激光二极管芯片相比,在宽温(-40~95℃)下,新型大耦合因子激光二极管芯片的光谱单模特性更稳定,同时具有更低的阈值电流,在低工作电流(30 mA)下,芯片的-3 dB带宽大于18 GHz,满足传输速率为25 Gbit/s的高速传输协议要求。

Optical pulse shaping based on a double-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating

Based on the transfer matrix method,a detailed theoretical and numerical study on double-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating(FBG)is investigated.Temporal responses of the double-phase-shifted FBG to optical pulse are analyzed and the influence of the two phase-shifts’position on the reflected output pulse is evaluated.Results demonstrate that very different temporal pulse waveforms can be achieved by adjusting the length ratio(α=L2/L1).Specifically,a transform-limited Gaussian input optical pulse can be shaped into flat-top square pulse(α=1.81)or two identical optical pulse sequences(α=1.93).

Computer-Generated Holograms for Recording Multiple-Phase-Shifte Fiber Bragg Grating Corrugations

A new method of fabricating multiple-phase-shifts fiber Bragg grating by CGHsis proposed . The authors present an example of such CGH by which a section multiple-phase-shiftefiber Bragg grating with twoπ/2 phase shifts and grating length L = 21.2 μm was produced. Theauthors describe the production process and finally give an example of a reconstructed fiber gratingwith two phase-shifts.

Study on the Characters of Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating in Asymmetric Perturbation and Its Application in Fiber Laser Acoustic Sensor

A n-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating theoretical model is established, and the effects of an asymmetric and symmetrical perturbation field on a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating are investigated in this paper. The trends of wavelength shifting caused by effective refraction index of phase shift grating in symmetric and asymmetric acoustic field are investigated in detail. Then, the fiber laser acoustic sensors packaged in asymmetric and symmetrical structures are designed and tested, respectively. The results show that the acoustic response of the wavelength of the distributed feedback （DFB） fiber laser （FL） in an asymmetric packaging structure is much more sensitive than in that in the symmetrical structure. The sensor packaged in the asymmetrical structure has a better low frequency （0Hz-500Hz） performance and a higher sensitivity than that in the symmetrical structure, and the sensitivity is improved about 15dB in average and 32.7dB in maximum. It provides a new method to improve the sensitivity of the fiber acoustic sensor.

光纤布喇格光栅的理论分析

本文从耦合模理论出发推导了光纤布喇格光栅的最大反射系数和反射主峰带宽的表达式，以此为基础具体分析了相移光栅，导出了一些有重要意义的结果。

基于光栅衍射的横向剪切干涉仪精密相移系统设计

基于光栅衍射的横向剪切干涉仪具有很高的检测精度,为满足相移的需要,光栅移相装置需要拥有较大的行程,是干涉仪的关键器件之一。根据干涉仪需求设计了基于柔性铰链及桥式放大机构并利用压电陶瓷驱动的光栅移相装置,利用有限元分析方法对其受力和形变特性进行了分析。利用PI公司的电容传感器及数字压电控制器搭建了测试平台对其进行了测试,获得了开环条件下迟滞特性曲线,在输出电压为100 V时,光栅移相装置的行程可达225μm。实验结果表明,光栅移相装置的行程与理论设计指标接近,满足设计要求。

长周期光纤光栅的分析和优化设计

利用传输矩阵法对相移和变迹长周期光纤光栅的传输特性进行了计算和分析 ,提出长周期光纤光栅传输谱的相移优化设计方法 采用非均匀相移的设计思想 ,优化长周期光纤光栅的传输谱 和传统的均匀相移和变迹长周期光纤光栅相比 ,可以有效消除长周期光纤光栅谐振波长附近的旁瓣 ,并保证其传输性能 计算和分析结果表明

相移法在光栅投影测量中的应用

利用双目CCD相机记录的光栅投影测量技术是一种新型的光学测量方法。为了获得高精度测量相位值,提出一种优化相位测量精度的相移方法。该方法通过投影相传递函数和投影光的光强函数计算相位值,并考虑了测量投影光非正弦、非周期性的影响,提高了投影光栅的条纹精度和相位精度,相位精度为像素级,通过插值可达到亚像素级。

啁啾相移光纤光栅分布式应变与应变点精确定位传感研究

利用啁啾相移光纤光栅狭缝的中心波长对应变点和应变量的波长敏感性,实现应变与应变点精确定位的传感.当啁啾光纤光栅上的某一位置产生微应变时,该应变点会产生相移,其频谱则会出现一个与之对应的狭缝,且狭缝的深度和中心波长与应变的大小和位置相关.当串接不同中心波长的啁啾光纤光栅后,即可实现一定范围内的分布式应变与应变点精确定位检测.本文通过V-I传输矩阵法建立了狭缝深度和中心波长关于应变量和应变位置的理论模型,分析结果表明理论上可以实现微米量级的精确定位.搭建了级联啁啾相移光纤光栅的分布式应变传感装置,实验获得的最大应变灵敏度为0.19 pm/με.该精确定位传感装置在先进制造、精密加工、航空航天、铁路系统等高新技术领域具有重要的应用前景.

纳米压印制作半导体激光器的分布反馈光栅

分布反馈(DFB)光栅的制作是半导体激光器芯片的关键工艺,通过纳米压印技术在InP基片表面涂覆的光刻胶上压印出DFB光栅图形,并分别通过湿法腐蚀和干法刻蚀技术将光栅图形转移到InP基片上。所制作的DFB光栅周期为240nm(对应于1 550nm波长的DFB激光器),光栅中间具有λ/4相移结构。采用纳米压印技术制作的DFB光栅相对于通常双光束干涉法制作的光栅具有更好的均匀性以及更低的线条粗糙度,而且解决了双光束干涉法无法制作非均匀光栅的技术难题。相对于电子束直写光刻法,采用纳米压印技术制作DFB光栅具有快速与低成本的优势。采用纳米压印技术在InP基片上成功制作具有相移结构的DFB光栅,为进一步进行低成本高性能的半导体激光器芯片的制作奠定了良好基础。

光栅相移空间光桥接器研究

设计了适用于相干光接收系统的新型2×2的90°和180°空间光桥接器。其主要由4片光栅和可进行精密位置控制的移动器所组成,光栅衍射实现信号光和本振光的分光和合成,光栅的相对位移产生所需的相移。其具有体积小、重量轻和宽光谱使用的特点,和传统的2×2的90°空间光桥接器相比,更是具有不必损失50%能量的优点。