Variation of the second-phase morphology and its influence on fracture behavior of Al-Si alloy

Using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM), the variation of eutectic Si morphology of Al-Si alloy in solution treatment was observed to study its influence on mechanical properties and fracture behavior. The results show that eutectic Si undergoes stubbing, necking, fragmentation, and growth in the initial stage (250 min); in the middle solution stage (250 to 400 min), the eutectic Si morphology has no significant change, only the degree of spheroidizing becomes higher; after 600 min, the growth of eutectic Si is a coarsening process controlled by diffusion and follows the Liftshitz-Slyozov-Wangner (LSW) model, and the eutectic Si morphology deteriorates due to the occurrence of facets and lap. Based on the quantitative measure and regression analysis, the eutectic Si morphology has a remarkable influence on mechanical properties and fracture behavior.

Variations in electrical impedance and phase angle among seedlings of Pinus densata and parental species in Pinus tabuliformis habitat environment

Electrical impedance （El） and phase angle （PHI） parameters in AC impedance spectroscopy are important electrical parameters in the study of medical pathology. However, little is known about their application in variation and genetic relationship studies of forest trees. In order to test whether impedance parameters could be used in genetic relationship analysis among conifer species, E1 and PHI were measured in a seedling experiment test composed of Pinus tabuliformis, Pinus yunnanensis, and Pinus densata in a habitat of Pinus tabuliformis. The results showed that variations in both EI and PHI among species were sig- nificant in different electric frequencies, and the EI and PHI values measured in the two populations of P. densata were between the two parental species, P. yunnanensis and P. tabuliformis. These results show that these two impedance parameters could reflect the genetic relationship among pine species. This was the first time using the two AC impedance spectroscopy parameters to test the genetic relationship analysis between tree species, and would be a hopeful novelreference methodology for future studies in evolution and genetic variation of tree species.

Physical Mechanism of Phased Variation of 2020 Extremely Heavy Meiyu in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

The extremely heavy Meiyu in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2020 features early beginning,extremely late retreat,long duration,and a dramatic north-south swing rain belt.It can be divided into three phases.The key point of the extremely heavy Meiyu is the long duration of precipitation.The physical mechanism of the phased variation is researched here by analyzing the phased evolution of atmospheric circulation,the thermal effect of Tibetan Plateau,the sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA),and tropical convection.The results show that:(1)Throughout the whole Meiyu season,the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)is stronger and westward,the South Asian high(SAH)is stronger and eastward,and blocking highs are very active with different patterns at different stages;they all form flat mid-latitude westerlies with fluctuation interacting with WPSH and SAH,causing their ridges and the rain belt to swing drastically from north to south or vice versa.(2)The higher temperatures in the upper and middle atmosphere in the eastern and southern Tibetan Plateau and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,which are produced by the warm advection transport,the heat sources in Tibetan Plateau,and the latent heat of condensation of Meiyu,contribute greatly to the stronger and westward WPSH and the stronger and eastward SAH.The dry-cold air brought by the fluctuating westerlies converges with the warm-humid air over Tibetan Plateau,resulting in precipitation,which in turn enhances the heat source of Tibetan Plateau and regulates the swings of WPSH and SAH.(3)Different from climatological analysis,real-time SSTA in the Indian Ocean has no obviously direct effect on WPSH and Meiyu.The anomalous distribution and phased evolution process of real-time SSTA in South China Sea and the tropical western Pacific affect WPSH and Meiyu significantly through tropical convection and heat sources.The maintenance of strong positive SSTA in the western equatorial Pacific is a critical reason for the prolonged Meiyu season.Both the onset and the retreat of Meiyu in 2020 are closely related to the intensified positive SSTA and corresponding typhoons on the ocean east of the Philippines.

The Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics of Cloud Types and Phases in the Arctic Based on CloudSat and CALIPSO Cloud Classification Products

The cloud type product 2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR based on CloudSat and CALIPSO from June 2006 to May 2017 is used to examine the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and interannual variability of eight cloud types(high cloud, altostratus, altocumulus, stratus, stratocumulus, cumulus, nimbostratus, and deep convection) and three phases(ice,mixed, and water) in the Arctic. Possible reasons for the observed interannual variability are also discussed. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) More water clouds occur on the Atlantic side, and more ice clouds occur over continents.(2)The average spatial and seasonal distributions of cloud types show three patterns: high clouds and most cumuliform clouds are concentrated in low-latitude locations and peak in summer;altostratus and nimbostratus are concentrated over and around continents and are less abundant in summer;stratocumulus and stratus are concentrated near the inner Arctic and peak during spring and autumn.(3) Regional averaged interannual frequencies of ice clouds and altostratus clouds significantly decrease, while those of water clouds, altocumulus, and cumulus clouds increase significantly.(4) Significant features of the linear trends of cloud frequencies are mainly located over ocean areas.(5) The monthly water cloud frequency anomalies are positively correlated with air temperature in most of the troposphere, while those for ice clouds are negatively correlated.(6) The decrease in altostratus clouds is associated with the weakening of the Arctic front due to Arctic warming, while increased water vapor transport into the Arctic and higher atmospheric instability lead to more cumulus and altocumulus clouds.

Interdecadal Variations of Phase Delays Between Two Nino Indices at Different Time Scales

Phase delays between two Nino indices-sea surface temperatures in Nino regions 1+2 and 3.4 (1950-2001)-at different time scales are detected by wavelet analysis. Analysis results show that there are two types of period bifurcations in the Nino indices and that period bifurcation points exist only in the region where the wavelet power is small. Interdecadal variation features of phase delays between the two indices vary with different time scales. In the periods of 40-72 months, the phase delay changes its sign in 1977: Nino 1+2 indices are 2-4 months earlier than Nino 3.4 indices before 1977, but 3-6 months later afterwards. In the periods of 20-40 months, however, the phase delay changes its sign in another way: Nino 1+2 indices are 1-4 months earlier before 1980 and during 1986-90, but 1-4 months later during 1980-83 and 1993-2001.

EVOLUTION FILTRATION PROBLEMS WITH SEAWATER INTRUSION: TWO-PHASE FLOW DUAL MIXED VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS

Tow-phase flow mixed variational formulations of evolution filtration problems with seawater intrusion are analyzed. A dual mixed fractional flow velocity-pressure model is considered with an air-fresh water and a fresh water-seawater characterization. For analysis and computational purposes, spatial decompositions based on nonoverlapping multidomains, above and below the sea level, are variationally introduced with internal boundary fluxes dualized as weak transmission constraints. Further, parallel augmented and exactly penalized duality algorithms, and proximation semi-implicit time marching schemes, are established and analyzed.

Laser Intensity Variation in Amplitude and Phase Induced by Elliptically Polarized Feedback

The laser output characteristics under elliptically polarized optical feedback effect are studied. Elliptically polarized light is generated by wave plate placed in the feedback cavity. By analyzing the amplitude and phase of the laser output in the orthogonal direction, some new phenomena are firstly discovered and explained theoretically.Elliptically polarized feedback light is amplified in the gain medium in the resonator, and the direction perpendicular to the original polarization direction is easiest to oscillate. The laser intensity variation in amplitude and phase are related to the amplified mode and the anisotropy of external cavity. The theoretical analysis and experimental results agree well. Because the output characteristic of the laser has a relationship with the anisotropy of the external cavity, the phenomenon also provides a method for measuring birefringence.

Unconventional Hamilton-type variational principles for nonlinear elastodynamics of orthogonal cable-net structures

According to the basic idea of classical yin-yang complementarity and modem dual-complementarity, in a simple and unified new way proposed by Luo, the unconventional Hamilton-type variational principles for geometrically nonlinear elastodynamics of orthogonal cable-net structures are established systematically, which can fully characterize the initial-boundary-value problem of this kind of dynamics. An ifnportant integral relation is made, which can be considered as the generalized principle of virtual work for geometrically nonlinear dynamics of orthogonal cable-net structures in mechanics. Based on such relationship, it is possible not only to obtain the principle of virtual work for geometrically nonlinear dynamics of orthogonal cable-net structures, but also to derive systematically the complementary functionals for five-field, four-field, three-field and two-field unconventional Hamilton-type variational principles, and the functional for the unconventional Hamilton-type variational principle in phase space and the potential energy functional for one-field unconventional Hamilton-type variational principle for geometrically nonlinear elastodynamics of orthogonal cable-net structures by the generalized Legendre transformation given in this paper, Furthermore, the intrinsic relationship among various principles can be explained clearly with this approach.

Effect of Variation of the Coefficient of Friction on the Temperature at the Level of the Fault Lips

Earth’s crust is an anisotropic and purely heterogeneous medium, which is justified by existence of different discontinuities;our study aims to show the effect of the variation of coefficient of friction on the evolution of temperature and its impact on seismic forecasting. In this work, we are model in 2D the variation of thermal energy and temperature produced by friction at the level of fault lip as function of depth of the seismic focus and at different value of time. Earthquakes are born when the energy accumulated by friction at the level of fault is suddenly released causing damage, sometimes noticeable on the surface of earth (macroseisms), and sometimes not at all noticeable on the surface of earth (microseisms), then energy which occurs before is important to forecasting earthquake. Assuming that coefficient of friction is variable, our results have enabled us to highlight the fact that, the greater the coefficient of friction, more the temperature increases, although the temperature profile increase over time but not linearly reflecting the presence of different asperities and discontinuities zone;slip generated at the level of fault occur a variation of temperature on specific points called roughness in common agreement with the literature. A large part of energy produced by friction is dissipated in heat causing a local increases in temperature which a very short duration and called flash contact temperature, and that despite the fact that the temperature evolved in time and space, it all converged towards a perfectly distinguishable fixed point.

Statistical Study of foF2 Diurnal Variation at Dakar Station from 1971 to 1996:Effect of Geomagnetic Classes of Activity on Seasonal Variation at Solar Minimum and Maximum

The statistical study of F2 layer critical frequency at Dakar station from 1971 to 1996 is carried out. This paper shows foF2 statistical diurnal for all geomagnetic activities and all seasons and that during solar maximum and minimum phases. It emerges that foF2 diurnal variation graphs at Dakar station exhibits the different types of foF2 profiles in African EIA regions. The type of profile depends on solar activity, season and solar phase. During solar minimum and under quiet time condition, data show?the signature of a strength electrojet that is coupled with intense counter electrojet in the afternoon. Under disturbed conditions,?mean intense electrojet is observed in winter?during fluctuating and recurrent activities. Intense counter electrojet is seen under fluctuating and shock activities in all seasons coupled with strength electrojet in autumn. In summer?and spring under all geomagnetic activity condition, there is intense counter electrojet. During solar maximum, in summer and spring there is no electrojet under geomagnetic activity conditions.?Winter shows a mean intense electrojet. Winter and autumn are marked by the signature of the reversal electric field.

直流余热锅炉蒸发段长度和位置变动特性的仿真分析

在直流余热锅炉变工况运行过程中蒸发段长度和位置的改变会造成锅炉管壁温度分布、工质出口参数等产生较大的波动,影响锅炉安全运行。以某立式直流余热锅炉为研究对象,建立其动态仿真模型,研究锅炉烟气流量、入口烟温、高压给水流量和给水温度分别发生阶跃扰动后蒸发段长度及相变点位置的变化规律。仿真结果表明:余热锅炉在设计工况下运行,锅炉入口烟温对锅炉蒸发段长度的影响程度最大,入口烟温阶跃升高10℃后,蒸发段迅速缩短,相变点均向锅炉管内工质入口方向移动,蒸发段长度和相变点位置恢复稳定所需时间相对较短;烟气流量阶跃升高5%后,蒸发段长度迅速缩短而后缓慢增长,沸腾点向管内工质入口方向移动距离大于蒸干点,恢复稳定所需时间较长;给水流量阶跃升高5%后,蒸发段长度迅速增长而后缓慢缩短,蒸干点向管内工质出口方向移动距离大于沸腾点,恢复稳定所需时间最长;给水温度阶跃变化20℃对蒸发段长度和相变点位置的影响很小。

青藏高原雪水比例时空变化特征

为厘清青藏高原地区不同相态降水及其变化规律,本文基于第三极地区长时间序列(1979—2020年)高分辨率(1/30°,日)地面气象要素驱动数据集,采用基于表面高程和气象条件的雨雪识别方法,识别了青藏高原地区的降雨和降雪,分析了青藏高原雪水比例(SPR)的分布特征和时空演变规律。结果表明:①SPR空间分布差异显著,西高东低;②SPR整体呈下降趋势,平均以1.11%/(10 a)的速率显著降低;③冷、暖季均呈现降雨增加、降雪减少、SPR降低趋势,但暖季的变化速率和显著性高于冷季;④高原东西部降雪量在冷、暖季相当,高原中部以暖季降雪为主,高原暖季降雨量约占全年的90%,高原大部分地区暖季降雪占全年降雪的比例呈下降趋势(-0.29%/(10 a))。研究结果有望为区域气候变化和水科学研究提供科学依据。

上海地区女性卵泡期血清性激素指标长期生物学变异研究

目的了解上海地区女性卵泡期血清性激素指标长期生物学变异数据,以导出基于生物学变异的性能规范。方法招募上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院64名志愿者(20~40岁非妊娠期女性),采集每位志愿者每月月经期第2或3天外周血样本,持续6个月,检测7项血清性激素指标[抗米勒管激素(AMH)、雌二醇(E2)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、泌乳素(PRL)、孕酮(Prog)、睾酮(Testo)]水平。根据相关公式导出“最佳”“适当”“最低”3个水平的允许不精密度、允许偏移和允许总误差。结果与欧洲临床化学和检验医学联合会(EFLM)数据库数据相比,Prog、Testo项目个体内变异(CV_(I))和个体间变异(CV_(G)),FSH项目CV_(I)与已有数据差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);E2项目CV_(I)和CV_(G)均显著高于已有数据(P<0.01);PRL、LH项目CV_(I)和CV_(G),FSH项目CVG,AMH项目CV_(I)均显著低于已有数据(P<0.01);AMH项目CV_(G)尚无报道。结论确定了上海地区女性卵泡期7项血清性激素指标的长期生物学变异数据。可为临床开展相关指标性能验证提供基于上海地区人群生物学变异导出的性能规范。

利用130K液相芯片分析中国蚕豆种质资源遗传多样性

全面了解我国蚕豆种质资源遗传多样性和群体结构,对优异资源的挖掘和创新利用具有重大意义。本研究利用130K液相芯片对822份中国蚕豆种质资源进行基因分型,开展遗传多样性研究。经过严格过滤,获得了30,946个高质量SNP位点,其中多态性信息量(PIC)变化范围为0.0905~0.3750,平均为0.2600;Nei’s基因多样性指数变化范围为0.0950~0.5000,平均为0.3222。基于地理来源,利用Nei’s基因多样性指数和PIC评价蚕豆资源遗传多样性,发现江苏和四川蚕豆资源的遗传多样性较为丰富;新疆蚕豆资源遗传多样性最低。群体结构分析表明,822份蚕豆资源可被划分为2个亚群,当Q≥0.6时,717份资源遗传背景相对比较单一;同一亚群内包含不同生态类型的材料,表明材料间发生了基因交流或渐渗现象。基于邻接法(NJ)的聚类分析和主成分分析结果表明,822份蚕豆资源同样分为2个类群,与群体结构分析结果基本一致。总体而言,地理来源邻近和生境相近的资源间的遗传关系较近,且常被归为同一类群或亚群。分子方差分析结果表明,个体间的遗传变异是总遗传变异的主要来源。

建筑不同施工阶段扬尘污染浓度变化特征研究

以某正在进行施工的建筑工地作为实验场地,设置采样点采集含尘样品,利用β射线法和称重法检测扬尘污染浓度。绘制扬尘污染浓度随时间变化的曲线图和空间分布图,分析不同施工阶段的扬尘污染浓度变化特征。结果表明:扬尘污染浓度在时间维度上呈现“n”字型且扬尘浓度排序为土方开挖阶段>地基建设阶段>主体建设阶段。地基建设阶段扬尘浓度普遍较低且分布相对较为均匀;土方开挖阶段扬尘浓度的空间分布会呈现出不均匀的特征;主体建设阶段扬尘浓度呈现出较为均匀或局部高浓度的不规则特征。

基于相位偏移的压缩感知无源多目标定位方法

无源定位作为一种新兴的定位技术,是安防监控、入侵检测和接触跟踪等被动传感领域的研究热点。其通过分析无源目标对无线链路的阴影效应来定位目标。相位是无线信号的一个重要特性,比信号强度更具细粒度。为提升定位性能,利用无线链路相位信息,提出基于相位偏移的压缩感知无源多目标定位方法。该方法将接收信号相位偏移值作为观测数据,结合变分贝叶斯推理,恢复目标位置稀疏向量。仿真实验结果表明,在6.5 m×6.5 m的监测区域中,基于接收信号强度的定位方法平均定位误差为0.579 0 m,而该方法的平均定位误差为0.254 7 m,定位精度提升超过1倍,且该方法具有较强的鲁棒性。

GNSS天线相位中心模型更新对PPP的影响分析

目前,天线相位中心改正(PCC)模型由igs14.atx更新至igs20.atx,更新后的PCC模型会对精密单点定位的坐标参数估计产生影响。本文对比了更新前后的PCC模型,综合分析了四大全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)的在轨卫星和接收机天线的PCC模型,并选取了31个国际全球卫星导航系统服务组织(IGS)测站的观测数据进行精密单点定位数,通过点位偏差和点位精度来分析模型间差异对测站点位估计的影响。结果表明:在IGS框架和天线产品更新后,全球定位系统(GPS)、格洛纳斯系统和伽利略系统的点位偏差下降0.7、2.4和1 mm,北斗三号全球卫星导航系统(BDS-3)增加了0.3 mm;4个系统的点位精度与更新前相当,变化在1 mm内。多GNSS系统联合处理下定位效果有明显改善,点位偏差平均减少了约1.2 mm,点位精度提高了1.5 mm。除此之外,在IGS20框架下使用igs14.atx中的模型后,4个系统的定位性能受到不同程度的影响。

Shear mechanical properties and frictional sliding responses of rough joint surfaces under dynamic normal displacement conditions

A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic frictional characteristics in rock joints under high normal load and strong confinement is essential for ensuring the safety of deep engineering construction and mitigating geological disasters.This study conducted shear experiments on rough rock joints under displacement-controlled dynamic normal loads,investigating the shear behaviors of joints across varying initial normal loads,normal loading frequencies,and normal loading amplitudes.Experimental results showed that the peak/valley shear force values increased with initial normal loads and normal loading frequencies but showed an initial increase followed by a decrease with normal loading amplitudes.Dynamic normal loading can either increase or decrease shear strength,while this study demonstrates that higher frequencies lead to enhanced friction.Increased initial normal loading and normal loading frequency result in a gradual decrease in joint roughness coefficient(JRC)values of joint surfaces after shearing.Positive correlations existed between frictional energy dissipation and peak shear forces,while post-shear joint surface roughness exhibited a negative correlation with peak shear forces through linear regression analysis.This study contributes to a better understanding of the sliding responses and shear mechanical characteristics of rock joints under dynamic disturbances.

基于变分模态分解与空洞卷积神经网络的配电网故障选线方法

小电流接地系统发生单相接地故障时,零序电流故障特征微弱且繁杂多变,传统选线方法可靠性有待提高。提出了一种基于变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)与空洞卷积神经网络的配电网故障选线方法。首先,分析配电网健全线路和故障线路的电气特征,采用零序电流作为故障特征信号,为选线模型的输入量提供理论依据;其次,通过变分模态分解把零序电流序列分成不同频率的固有模态函数,提高故障信号特征的平稳性和差异性;然后,采用空洞卷积神经网络作为选线网络,以增大卷积操作感受野的方式增强模型的自适应分类能力;最后,在MATLAB/Simulink中构建10kV配电网进行算例分析,结果表明,该方法在不同故障场景条件下均有较高的选线效果,验证了所提方法的鲁棒性与准确性。

面向数字时钟调相的高精度低跃变控制码设计

面向数字时钟调相系统,提出了一种相位插值控制码匹配方法,减少了相邻相位之间控制码变化的位数,减小了相位误差和幅度跃变。通过迭代的思想,同时平衡控制码跳变所带来的误差与相位调整之间的转换关系,并行考虑控制码对输出信号幅度的影响,实现相位误差更小的电路结构。仿真结果表明,在文中的控制码调相下,电路输出时钟信号的幅度跃变小于6%。