PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PULSE COMPRESSION USING PHASE-CODED SIGNALS FOR SPARSE-ARRAY SYNTHETIC IMPULSE AND APERTURE RADAR

Sparse-array Synthetic Impulse and Aperture Radar (SIAR) can isotropically radiate by employing multiple frequencies (synthetic pulse) and multiple antennas (synthetic antenna). According to Ambiguity Function(AF), its range resolution depends only on bandwidth of transmitted signals, however, the distance grating lobes emerge when increasing the time-bandwidth product of transmitted signals. The performance of pulse compression is analyzed with the transmitted signals modulated by phase-coded sequences. It is seen that greater ratio of pulse compression and suppression of range sidelobe in SIAR can be obtained, and its effective range and range resolution is increased as well.

Pulse Compression Technique of Radio Fuze

The advantages of using phase-coded pulse compression technique for radio fuze systems are evaluated. With building mathematical models a matched filter has been implemented successfully. Various simulations for pulse compression waveform coding were done to evaluate the performance of fuze system under noisy environment. The results of the simulation and the data analysis show that the phase-coded pulse compression gets a good result in the signal identification of the radio fuze with matched filter. Simultaneously, a suitable sidelobe suppression filter is established by simulation, the suppressed sidelobe level is acceptable to radio fuze application.

APULSECOMPRESSORIMPLEMENTATIONWITHDSPFORSMALLTBPRODUCTLFMWAVEFORM

This paper describes a pulse compressor implementation with DSP for small Time Bandwidth (TB) product Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) waveform. It contains the digital generation of the LFM waveform and the digital internally Hamming weighted compression filter. Two methods for suppression of time sidelobe of the digital pulse compressor are employed. First, the LFM waveform is modified by using cubic phase pre distortion for reducing the effect of Fresnel ripples in small TB product LFM waveform. Secondly, anti aliasing filter is used before A/D converter for reducing spectrum skirt level of the returned LFM waveform. The parameters of the compression filter implemented with IMSA100 DSP are programmable. The experiments show that the peak time sidelobe level of the digital pulse compressor is less than -32 dB for TB product of 20.

RADAR HRR PROFILING FOR GROUND MOVING TARGET USING PHASE-CODED AND HOPPED-FREQUENCY WAVEFORMS

To obtain the radar High Range Resolution (HRR) profile of the slowly moving ground target in strong clutter background, the Phase-Coded Hopped-Frequency (PCHF) waveform is proposed. By multiple-bursts coherent processing, the HRR profile synthesis, target velocity compensation and clutter compression can be accomplished simultaneously. The new waveform is shown to have good ability to suppress ground clutter and good Electronic Counter-CounterMeasures (ECCM) ability as well. The clutter compression performance of the proposed method is verified by the numerical results.

基于新型高功率微波的雷达探测技术研究

本文研究提出一种新型高功率微波窄脉冲,能够具备雷达探测能力,适用于解决单脉冲探测雷达功率不足的问题。新型高功率微窄脉冲为ns级脉冲信号,具备中心载频信息并且具有超高重频、超高功率、超高带宽的特性。根据该脉冲特性,本文深入探索提出一种基于新型高功率微波的雷达探测方法,该方法采用基于脉冲路径编码压缩的物理脉冲压缩方式获得一种新型高功率微波窄脉冲,通过单脉冲探测的方式实现对目标探测侦察。经数值仿真模拟与实际测量对比分析表明,对于探测雷达系统而言,基于脉冲路径编码压缩方法能够在现有功率源基础上提高20 dB以上的信号增益。通过多目标探测实验验证,新型高功率微波雷达系统能够有效探测目标,其系统距离测量精度误差小于5‰。实验证明:新型高功率微波窄脉冲具有雷达探测能力,能有效提高系统探测功率,提升系统探测距离。

被动雷达海上目标探测实验研究

针对海上目标的无源探测问题,利用无源双基地雷达(Passive Bistatic Radar,PBR)系统开展了海上无源目标探测的研究,进行了一系列实时海上目标探测的外场实验,实验成功采集了一些I/Q数据并画出系统显示图。文中首先介绍了PBR系统的工作原理,然后对信号处理流程进行详细说明,包括参考信号重构、脉冲压缩、直达波抑制、非相参积累和MTI、MTD动目标处理,最后介绍了外场实验结果并对所得实验数据进行分析。实验证明,该系统可以实现海上目标的无源相干检测。

Radar Signal Recognition by CWD Picture Features

In this paper a system for automatic recognition of radar waveform is introduced. This technique is used in many spectrum management, surveillance, and cognitive radio and radar applications. For instance the transmitted radar signal is coded into six codes based on pulse compression waveform such as linear frequency modulation (LFM), Frank code, P1, P2, P3 and P4 codes, the latter four are poly phase codes. The classification system is based on drawing Choi Willliams Distribution (CWD) picture and extracting features from it. In this study, various new types of features are extracted from CWD picture and then a pattern recognition method is used to recognize the spectrum. In fact, signals from CWD picture are defined using biometric techniques. We also employ false reject rate (FRR) and false accept rate (FAR) which are two types of fault measurement criteria that are deploy in biometric papers. Fairly good results are obtained for recognition of Signal to Noise Ratio (-11 dB).

A Ka-band Solid-state Transmitter Cloud Radar and Data Merging Algorithm for Its Measurements

This study concerns a Ka-band solid-state transmitter cloud radar, made in China, which can operate in three different work modes, with different pulse widths, and coherent and incoherent integration numbers, to meet the requirements for cloud remote sensing over the Tibetan Plateau. Specifically, the design of the three operational modes of the radar（i.e., boundary mode M1, cirrus mode M2, and precipitation mode M3） is introduced. Also, a cloud radar data merging algorithm for the three modes is proposed. Using one month＇s continuous measurements during summertime at Naqu on the Tibetan Plateau,we analyzed the consistency between the cloud radar measurements of the three modes. The number of occurrences of radar detections of hydrometeors and the percentage contributions of the different modes＇ data to the merged data were estimated.The performance of the merging algorithm was evaluated. The results indicated that the minimum detectable reflectivity for each mode was consistent with theoretical results. Merged data provided measurements with a minimum reflectivity of -35 dBZ at the height of 5 km, and obtained information above the height of 0.2 km. Measurements of radial velocity by the three operational modes agreed very well, and systematic errors in measurements of reflectivity were less than 2 dB. However,large discrepancies existed in the measurements of the linear depolarization ratio taken from the different operational modes.The percentage of radar detections of hydrometeors in mid- and high-level clouds increased by 60% through application of pulse compression techniques. In conclusion, the merged data are appropriate for cloud and precipitation studies over the Tibetan Plateau.

Multi-target range and velocity measurements of a digital phased array radar system

As the core of a digital phased array radar system,a radar signal processing environment is created to measure multitarget range and velocity information. The radar echo signal is achieved by superposing target echo, noise, clutter and jamming signals linearly. Considering that these signals have many types,two typical combinations are selected to construct the multi-target echo signal and the simulated echo signal is used as the input of the signal processing environment. This environment mainly adopts pulse compression,moving target indication and detection technologies to process the echo signal.It is found that the frequency domain method is more desirable for the pulse compression effect than the time domain method,and multi-target range information can be measured from the moving target indication result after using a double delay canceller. A new moving target detecting method is proposed,which can present the positive and negative velocity accurately with the multi-target range and velocity measured simultaneously. Simulation results indicate that the potential targets are detected from the chaotic radar echo signals successfully,and their range and velocity can be figured out correctly in the built radar signal processing environment.

Aliasing-free high resolution imaging of fast rotating targets with narrowband radar

Narrowband radar has been successfully used for high resolution imaging of fast rotating targets by exploiting their micro-motion features.In some practical situations,however,the target image may suffer from aliasing due to the fixed pulse repetition interval(PRI)of traditional radar scheme.In this work,the random PRI signal associated with compressed sensing(CS)theory was introduced for aliasing reduction to obtain high resolution images of fast rotating targets.To circumvent the large-scale dictionary and high computational complexity problem arising from direct application of CS theory,the low resolution image was firstly generated by applying a modified generalized Radon transform on the time-frequency domain,and then the dictionary was scaled down by random undersampling as well as the atoms extraction according to those strong scattering areas of the low resolution image.The scale-down-dictionary CS(SDD-CS)processing scheme was detailed and simulation results show that the SDD-CS scheme for narrowband radar can achieve preferable images with no aliasing as well as acceptable computational cost.

联合波形选择和PRI捷变探通一体化波形设计

针对应用相位调制于线性调频(LFM)的探通一体化波形设计方法中自相关旁瓣水平高且误符号率较高的问题,文中提出了联合正交波形选择和脉冲重复间隔(PRI)捷变的双重索引调制方法。首先,通过对LFM波形附加扰动相位实现有良好自相关和互相关性能的正交波形集。其次,详细给出了通信信息的调制和解调方法。最后,结果表明设计的一体化波形不仅能满足雷达探测性能而且具有良好的自相关特性,此外在低信噪比条件下误符号率低。

不同干扰情况下脉冲压缩对雷达作用距离的影响

雷达脉冲压缩技术,既是能够解决雷达威力与距离分辨力之间矛盾的手段,也是一种抗干扰措施。分别分析了在背景噪声、窄带噪声瞄频干扰、宽带噪声阻塞干扰情况下,脉冲压缩处理对雷达作用距离的影响。指出了脉冲压缩处理对雷达作用距离是否产生影响的根本原因,是看干扰(噪声)信号的功率谱密度是否恒定。若恒定,则无影响;若不恒定,则会产生影响。

一种多载波相位编码波形的运动补偿方法

多载波相位编码雷达信号波形,在频域上包含多个子载波,在时域上采用分段编码,能够有效降低接收机的循环自相关特性,提高雷达发射信号被敌方侦收机截获和解析的难度,具有良好的抗欺骗干扰与低截获性能。但多载波相位编码波形具有多普勒敏感性,在高速运动平台上应用时,运动会导致信号脉冲压缩后主副瓣比降低,造成脉冲压缩与相参积累损失。对此,文中提出了一种多普勒前置补偿技术,在多载波相位编码波形产生阶段,利用运动平台速度对该波形的每个子载波进行精细的多普勒预置补偿,有效降低了该波形的多普勒敏感性,同时该方法具有便于工程实现的特点。仿真结果表明,该方法在高速平台应用条件下能够有效地抑制脉冲压缩旁瓣,降低脉冲压缩和相参积累损失。

基于星载气象雷达的非线性调频信号优化设计

随着天气观测、研究和规划的进展,气象雷达技术的开发工作取得了重大进展。脉冲压缩使新一代低成本、紧凑型星载天气雷达系统成为可能。为了抑制脉压带来的距离旁瓣,目标探测雷达通常采用基于幅度调制和失配滤波的方法,但由于其存在主瓣扩展和功率损失等缺点,不适用于气象观测。非线性调频(NLFM)信号可以调整其功率谱密度,在明显不降低信噪比的情况下提供较低的旁瓣输出。本文设计了一种新的波形优化框架。该框架通过多目标粒子群优化算法(MOPOS)构造了一种针对气象粒子目标的非线性调频(NLFM)脉冲压缩波形,实现了极低的距离旁瓣电平和较高的多普勒容限,可以显著地缓解非常有限的卫星峰值功率的限制和卫星平台运动导致的多普勒对系统影响。仿真实验结果表明:改进的非线性调频波形具有良好的性能。

全脉冲采样分段叠加的干扰特性分析

为更加准确灵活地运用全脉冲采样分段叠加干扰样式,对其干扰特性进行了分析。首先推导了干扰在线性调频脉冲压缩雷达匹配滤波环节的作用过程,并分析得出了干扰对匹配滤波环节的干扰特性;之后对照干扰特性分析结论,采用仿真实验定性分析、半实物实验量化分析、雷达模拟系统干扰实验效果分析的方式,进行了干扰特性分析结论的验证工作。实验结果表明,干扰的作用效果符合干扰特性的分析结论。该特性分析结论可为电磁环境模拟中相应干扰场景的构建和干扰时序的设计提供一定支撑。

针对距离采样失配的多波形自适应脉冲压缩

针对距离单元内调频信号的回波采样点与目标点失配(即距离采样失配)时,引发回波采样波形与参考信号波形之间相位失配以及自适应脉冲压缩性能下降等问题,提出了一种针对距离采样失配的多波形自适应脉冲压缩(multi-waveform adaptive pulse compression,MWAPC)方法。所提方法将多基地自适应脉冲压缩(multistatic adaptive pulse compression,MAPC)方法应用到单基地雷达,首先将单基地雷达的原始发射信号过采样得到多个采样版本的发射信号,并将各种采样版本视为不同的波形;然后借助于自适应脉冲压缩对相位失配的敏感性,依次用不同采样版本的发射信号对回波信号做多波形自适应脉冲压缩构建距离维与采样维的二维输出,得到在距离单元内目标点与采样点的相对位置关系。实验证明,所提方法可根据多个采样版本的采样时序将自适应脉冲压缩的二维输出延展成一维。相比于常规脉压方法,所提方法不仅能抑制因采样失配而产生的距离旁瓣,还可获得超出传统脉压方法的分辨能力,在同一距离单元内区分出不同位置的目标。

基于数字射频存储器的间歇采样重复转发干扰

以对线性调频脉冲压缩雷达进行干扰为背景,介绍了间歇采样直接转发干扰的原理与干扰效果。在此基础上提出了间歇采样重复转发干扰样式,并理论分析了该干扰样式的干扰效果:可使线性调频脉冲压缩雷达产生数量众多、幅度较强的逼真假目标。研究了关键参数对干扰效果的影响。通过数值仿真对文中的分析结论进行了验证。研究结果表明该种干扰样式比间歇采样直接转发干扰具有更好的效果。

高频地波雷达信号波形分析

根据雷达设计的一般原理 ,综合研究了雷达波形分析的一般概念、处理技术和主要结果 ;尤其针对国家 86 3计划海洋领域重大课题要求研制的高频地波雷达的特殊需要 ,深入研究了线性调频中断连续波 (FMICW)的基本理论、波形参数和处理方法 ,使之成为高频地波雷达 OSMAR2 0 0

基于OFDM的多载波调制雷达系统信号处理及检测

该文首先给出了基于OFDM的多载波调制(OFDM-MCM)雷达系统的回波模型,在此基础上推导了系统的匹配滤波输出解析式,分析了系统的检测性能,并通过仿真对比分析了单载波调制(SCM)雷达和OFDM-MCM雷达的脉冲压缩输出积分旁瓣比和接收机工作特性。结果表明,与SCM雷达相比,在测量高速目标时,OFDM-MCM雷达具有更优的脉冲压缩性能和更高的检测概率。

一种低截获概率雷达信号及其信号处理

针对低截获概率雷达设计了一种线性调频和相位编码混合信号 ,这种混合信号兼有线性调频和相位编码信号的优点 ,又弥补了各自的缺点 ,以小时宽、小带宽获得大信噪比改善。文中对这种混合信号的性能及脉冲压缩处理进行了理论和仿真分析。