Research on Anti-Fluctuation Control of Winding Tension System Based on Feedforward Compensation

In the fiber winding process,strong disturbance,uncertainty,strong coupling,and fiber friction complicate the winding constant tension control.In order to effectively reduce the influence of these problems on the tension output,this paper proposed a tension fluctuation rejection strategy based on feedforward compensation.In addition to the bias harmonic curve of the unknown state,the tension fluctuation also contains the influence of bounded noise.A tension fluctuation observer(TFO)is designed to cancel the uncertain periodic signal,in which the frequency generator is used to estimate the critical parameter information.Then,the fluctuation signal is reconstructed by a third-order auxiliary filter.The estimated signal feedforward compensates for the actual tension fluctuation.Furthermore,a time-varying parameters fractional-order PID controller(TPFOPID)is realized to attenuate the bounded noise in the fluctuation.Finally,TPFOPID is enhanced by TFO and applied to control a tension control system considering multi-source disturbances.The stability of the method is analyzed by using the Lyapunov theorem.Finally,numerical simulations verify that the proposed scheme improves the tracking ability and robustness of the system in response to tension fluctuations.

The Rights to Claim for Industrial Injury Compensation and Tort Compensation are Applicable to the Law:Taking Fu and Li v.a Passenger Transport Company as an Example

In the case of third-party tort,due to the lack of clear and detailed provisions on the treatment of employee’s industrial injury insurance payment and tort damage compensation,the judicial theory and practice have brought many disputes.Through combing the current relevant laws and regulations,it can be found that the application of the two systems will lead to the overlapping of industrial injury compensation.This paper analyzes the problems arising from the concurrence of industrial injury compensation and tort compensation using the case of Fu and Li v.a passenger transport company,and puts forward some ideas and suggestions on how to improve the settlement measures of such cases.

Problems and Countermeasures to Improve Clinical Trial Participants’Compensation Rights in China

Objective To discuss the problems existing in the compensation of Chinese clinical trial participants and propose some suggestions for improving their rights.Methods The literature related to the participants’right to compensation at home and abroad was searched to study the inadequacy of the compensation right for clinical trial participants in China from four aspects:insurance system,principle of attribution,legal relationship and compensation regulations.Then,some suggestions to improve the participants’right to compensation were proposed.Results and Conclusion China lacks clear legal norms for participants’right to compensation.There are problems such as unclear insurance rules and compensation rules,unclear contractual relationships between parties to clinical trials,and no laws and regulations to rely on for attribution and compensation.China should issue regulatory guidelines related to the right to compensation of participants in clinical trials,so that all parties in clinical trials can have rules to follow if there is the occurrence of injury,which can better protect the rights and interests of the participants.

The Translation of Chinese Literature under the Theory of Translation Compensation

In order to promote the exchange of Chinese culture with foreign countries,translators bear an important mission in the process of cross-cultural communication.Although there are cultural differences,we can achieve cultural dissemination and exchange through continuous cultural dialogue.As an important way for foreign scholars to understand the history of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in China,the translation of historical texts is crucial.Multiple typical cases are selected under the guidance of the translation theory of compensation to use relevant methods or techniques from the three levels of language,culture,and aesthetics to compensate for the loss of Li Xueqin’s The Origin of Ancient Chinese Civilization in English translation proofreading.

Design of Cold-Junction Compensation and Disconnection Detection Circuits of Various Thermocouples and Implementation of Multi-Channel Interfaces Using Them-A Secondary Publication

Cold-junction compensation(CJC)and disconnection detection circuit design of various thermocouples(TC)and multi-channel TC interface circuits were designed.The CJC and disconnection detection circuit consists of a CJC semiconductor device,an instrumentation amplifier(IA),two resistors,and a diode for disconnection detection.Based on the basic circuit,a multi-channel interface circuit was also implemented.The CJC was implemented using compensation semiconductor and IA,and disconnection detection was detected by using two resistors and a diode so that IA input voltage became-0.42 V.As a result of the experiment using R-type TC,the error of the designed circuit was reduced from 0.14 mV to 3μV after CJC in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.In addition,it was confirmed that the output voltage of IA was saturated from 88 mV to-14.2 V when TC was disconnected from normal.The output voltage of the designed circuit was 0 V to 10 V in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.The results of the 4-channel interface experiment using R-type TC were almost identical to the CJC and disconnection detection results for each channel.The implemented multi-channel interface has a feature that can be applied equally to E,J,K,T,R,and S-type TCs by changing the terminals of CJC semiconductor devices and adjusting the IA gain.

Validation of the albumin-bilirubin score for identifying decompensation risk in patients with compensated cirrhosis

BACKGROUND The albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score is an index of liver function recently developed to assess prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It can detect small changes in liver dysfunction and has been successfully applied to the prediction of survival in patients with non-malignant liver diseases of various etiologies.AIM To investigate the ALBI score for identifying decompensation risk at the 3-year follow-up in patients with compensated cirrhosis.METHODS One-hundred and twenty-three patients with compensated cirrhosis without HCC in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital diagnosed by imaging were retrospectively enrolled from January 2016 to December 2020.A total of 113 patients(91.9%)had Child A cirrhosis with a median model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score of less than 9.Baseline clinical and laboratory variables and decompensation events were collected.The ALBI score was calculated and validated to classify decompensation risk into low-,middle-,and high-risk groups using three ALBI grade ranges(ALBI grade 1:≤-2.60;grade 2:>-2.60 but≤-1.39;grade 3:>-1.39).Decompensation events were defined as ascites development,variceal bleeding,or grade 3 or 4 hepatic encephalopathy.RESULTS Among 123 cirrhotic patients enrolled,13.8%(n=17)developed decompensating events at a median time of 25[95%confidence interval(CI):17-31]mo.Median baseline ALBI score in compensated cirrhosis was significantly lower than that of patients who developed decompensation events[-2.768(-2.956 to-2.453)vs-2.007(-2.533 to-1.537);P=0.01].Analysis of decompensation risk at 3 years showed that ALBI score had a time-dependent area under the curve(tAUC)of 0.86(95%CI:0.78-0.92),which was significantly better than that of ALBI-Fibrosis-4(ALBI-FIB4)score(tAUC=0.77),MELD score(tAUC=0.66),Child-Pugh score(tAUC=0.65),and FIB-4 score(tAUC=0.48)(P<0.05 for all).The 3-year cumulative incidence of decompensation was 3.1%,22.6%,and 50%in the low-,middle-,and high-risk groups,respectively(P<0.001).The odds ratio for decompensation in patients of the high-risk group was 23.33(95%CI:3.88-140.12,P=0.001).CONCLUSION The ALBI score accurately identifies decompensation risk at the 3-year follow-up in patients with compensated cirrhosis.Those cirrhotic patients with a high-risk grade of ALBI score showed a 23 times greater odds of decompensation.

Excavation compensation theory and supplementary technology system for large deformation disasters

Given the challenges in managing large deformation disasters in energy engineering,traffic tunnel engineering,and slope engineering,the excavation compensation theory has been proposed for large deformation disasters and the supplementary technology system is developed accordingly.This theory is based on the concept that“all destructive behaviors in tunnel engineering originate from excavation.”This paper summarizes the development of the excavation compensation theory in five aspects:the“theory,”“equipment,”“technology,”the design method with large deformation mechanics,and engineering applications.First,the calculation method for compensation force has been developed based on this theory,and a comprehensive large deformation disaster control theory system is formed.Second,a negative Poisson's ratio anchor cable with high preload,large deformation,and super energy absorption characteristics has been independently developed and applied to large deformation disaster control.An intelligent tunnel monitoring and early warning cloud platform system are established for remote monitoring and early warning system of Newton force in landslide geological hazards.Third,the double gradient advance grouting technology,the two-dimensional blasting technology,and the integrated Newton force monitoring--early warning--control technology are developed for different engineering environments.Finally,some applications of this theory in China's energy,traffic tunnels,landslide,and other field projects have been analyzed,which successfully demonstrates the capability of this theory in large deformation disaster control.

A Compensation Algorithm for Large Element Characterizing the Damage Evolution Process and Its Application to Structure Collisions

When simulating the process from elastic–plastic deformation,damage to failure in a metal structure collision,it is necessary to use the large shell element due to the calculation efficiency,but this would affect the accuracy of damage evolution simulation.The compensation algorithm adjusting failure strain according to element size is usually used in the damage model to deal with the problem.In this paper,a new nonlinear compensation algorithm between failure strain and element size was proposed,which was incorporated in the damage model GISSMO(Generalized incremental stress state dependent damage model)to characterize ductile fracture.And associated material parameters were calibrated based on tensile experiments of aluminum alloy specimens with notches.Simulation and experimental results show that the new compensation algorithm significantly reduces the dependence of element size compared with the constant failure strain model and the damage model with the linear compensation algorithm.During the axial splitting process of a circular tubular structure,the new compensation algorithm keeps the failure prediction errors low over the stress states ranging from shear to biaxial tension,and achieves the objective prediction of the damage evolution process.This study demonstrates how the compensation algorithm resolves the contradiction between large element size and fracture prediction accuracy,and this facilitates the use of the damage model in ductile fracture prediction for engineering structures.

Minimum eigenvalue based adaptive fault compensation for hypersonic vehicles

The attitude tracking control problem is addressed for hypersonic vehicles under actuator faults that may cause an uncertain time-varying control gain matrix.An adaptive compensation scheme is developed to ensure system stability and asymptotic tracking properties,including a kinematic control signal and a dynamic control signal.To deal with the uncertainties of the control gain matrix,a new positive definite one is constructed.The minimum eigenvalue of such a new control gain matrix is estimated.Simulation results of application to an X-33 vehicle model verify the effectiveness of the proposed minimum eigenvalue based adaptive fault compensation scheme.

Pre-compensation of Friction for CNC Machine Tools through Constructing a Nonlinear Model Predictive Scheme

Nonlinear friction is a dominant factor afecting the control accuracy of CNC machine tools.This paper proposes a friction pre-compensation method for CNC machine tools through constructing a nonlinear model predictive scheme.The nonlinear friction-induced tracking error is frstly modeled and then utilized to establish the nonlinear model predictive scheme,which is subsequently used to optimize the compensation signal by treating the friction-induced tracking error as the optimization objective.During the optimization procedure,the derivative of compensation signal is constrained to avoid vibration of machine tools.In contrast to other existing approaches,the proposed method only needs the parameters of Stribeck friction model and an additional tuning parameter,while fnely identifying the parameters related to the pre-sliding phenomenon is not required.As a result,it greatly facilitates the practical applicability.Both air cutting and real cutting experiments conducted on an in-house developed open-architecture CNC machine tool prove that the proposed method can reduce the tracking errors by more than 56%,and reduce the contour errors by more than 50%.

Optimal design of culling compensation policy under the African swine fever——Based on simulations of typical pig farms in China

This paper aims to optimize the culling compensation policy from a micro perspective through scenario simulation.Based on an investigation of 273 pig farms in eight regions,four typical pig farms were constructed according to farm size and breeding mode,representing the swine producers in China.Besides,a decision objective function of pig farms facing suspected African swine fever(ASF)outbreaks was constructed.This study used a mathematical programming model to design and simulate scenarios based on compensation standards and local implementation levels,aiming to incentivize pig farms to report epidemics.The results show that the optimal decisions on epidemic reports differed among typical farms and by herd daily age.The results suggest the following adjustments for optimizing culling compensation policies:(1)to set culling compensation standards based on the market value and(2)to maintain a high level of epidemic surveillance capability in the animal husbandry and veterinary sector.

Improved High Order Model-Free Adaptive Iterative Learning Control with Disturbance Compensation and Enhanced Convergence

In this paper,an improved high-order model-free adaptive iterative control(IHOMFAILC)method for a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems is proposed based on the compact format dynamic linearization method.This method adds the differential of tracking error in the criteria function to compensate for the effect of the random disturbance.Meanwhile,a high-order estimation algorithmis used to estimate the value of pseudo partial derivative(PPD),that is,the current value of PPD is updated by that of previous iterations.Thus the rapid convergence of the maximumtracking error is not limited by the initial value of PPD.The convergence of the maximumtracking error is deduced in detail.This method can track the desired output with enhanced convergence and improved tracking performance.Two examples are used to verify the convergence and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Subsea Compensation of Pressure Based on Reducer Bellows

In this study,the pressure compensation mechanism of a reducer bellows is analyzed.This device is typically used to reduce the size of undersea instruments and improve related pressure resistance and sealing capabilities.Here,its axial stiffness is studied through a multi-fold approach based on theory,simulations and experiments.The results indicate that the mechanical strength of the reducer bellows,together with the oil volume and temperature are the main factors influencing its performances.In particular,the wall thickness,wave number,middle distance,and wave height are the most influential parameters.For a certain type of reducer bellows,the compensation capacity attains a maximum when the wave number ratio is between 6:6 and 8:4,the wall thickness is 0.3 mm,and the wave height is between 4–5 mm and 5–6 mm.Moreover,the maximum allowable ambient pres-sure of the optimized reducer bellows can reach 62.6 MPa without failure,and the maximum working water depth is 6284 m.

Wave Azimuth Cutoff Compensation Method and the Multisatellite Networking Mode of SAR

Synthetic aperture radars(SARs)encounter the azimuth cutoff problem when observing sea waves.Consequently,SARs can only capture the waves with wavelengths larger than the cutoff wavelength and lose the information of waves with smaller wavelengths.To increase the accuracy of SAR wave observations,this paper investigates an azimuth cutoff compensation method based on the simulated multiview SAR wave synchronization data obtained by the collaborative observation via networked satellites.Based on the simulated data and the equivalent multiview measured data from Sentinel-1 virtual networking,the method is verified and the cutoff wavelengths decrease by 16.40%and 14.00%.The biases of the inversion significant wave height with true values decrease by 0.04 m and 0.14 m,and the biases of the mean wave period decrease by 0.17 s and 0.22 s,respectively.These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the azimuth cutoff compensation method.Based on the azimuth cutoff compensation method,the multisatellite SAR networking mode for wave observations are discussed.The highest compensation effect is obtained when the combination of azimuth angle is(95°,115°,135°),the orbital intersection angle is(50°,50°),and three or four satellites are used.The study of the multisatellite networking mode in this paper can provide valuable references for the compensation of azimuth cutoff and the observation of waves by a multisatellite network.

Trimmable bandgap reference circuit with exponential curvature compensation

This paper proposes an improved exponential curvature-compensated bandgap reference circuit to exploit the exponential relationship between the current gainβof the bipolar junction transistor(BJT)and the temperature as well as reduce the influence of resistance-temperature dependency.Considering the degraded circuit performance caused by the process deviation,the trimmable module of the temperature coefficient(TC)is introduced to improve the circuit stability.The circuit has the advantages of simple structure,high linear stability,high TC accuracy,and trimmable TC.It consumes an area of 0.09 mm^(2)when fabricated by using the 0.25-μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)process.The proposed circuit achieves the simulated power supply rejection(PSR)of about-78.7 dB@1 kHz,the measured TC of~4.7 ppm/℃over a wide temperature range from-55℃to 125℃with the 2.5-V single-supply voltage,and the tested line regulation of 0.10 mV/V.Such a high-performance bandgap reference circuit can be widely applied in high-precision and high-reliability electronic systems.

Suppression and compensation effect of oxygen on the behavior of heavily boron-doped diamond films

This work investigates the suppression and compensation effect of oxygen on the behaviors and characteristics of heavily boron-doped microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition(MPCVD)diamond films.The suppression effect of oxygen on boron incorporation is observed by an improvement in crystal quality when oxygen is added during the diamond doping process.A relatively low hole concentration is expected and verified by Hall effect measurements due to the compensation effect of oxygen as a deep donor in diamond.A low acceptor concentration,high compensation donor concentration and relatively larger acceptor ionization energy are then induced by the incorporation of oxygen;however,a heavily boron-doped diamond film with high crystal quality can also be expected.The formation of an oxygen–boron complex structure instead of oxygen substitution,as indicated by the results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,is suggested to be more responsible for the observed enhanced compensation effect due to its predicted low formation energy.Meanwhile,density functional theory calculations show that the boron–oxygen complex structure is easily formed in diamond with a formation energy of-0.83 eV.This work provides a comprehensive understanding of oxygen compensation in heavily boron-doped diamond.

Exploring the Mechanical Properties,Shrinkage and Compensation Mechanism of Cement Stabilized Macadam-Steel Slag from Multiple Perspectives

Steel slag is characterized by high strength,good wear resistance and micro-expansion.This study aims at exploring the potential of steel slag in cement stabilized aggregates,mainly including mechanical properties,shrinkage and compensation mechanisms.For this purpose,the compressive strength and compressive resilient modulus of cement stabilized aggregates with different steel slag contents(CSMS)were initially investigated.Subsequently,the effects of steel slag and cement on dry shrinkage,temperature shrinkage,and total shrinkage were analyzed through a series of shrinkage test designs.Additionally,in combination with X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Scanning electron microscope(SEM),the characteristic peaks and microscopic images of cement,steel slag and cement-steel slag at different hydration ages were analyzed to identify the chemical substances causing the expansion volume of steel slag and reveal the compensation mechanism of CSMS.The results show that the introduction of 20%steel slag improved the mechanical properties of CSMS by 16.7%,reduced dry shrinkage by 21%,increased temperature shrinkage by 5.8%and reduced its total shrinkage by 19.2%.Compared with the hydration reaction of cement alone,the composite hydration reaction of steel slag with cement does not produce new hydrates.Furthermore,it is noteworthy that the volume expansion of the f-CaO hydration reaction in steel slag can compensate for the volume shrinkage of cement-stabilized macadam.This research can provide a solid theoretical basis for the application and promotion of steel slag in cement-stabilized macadam and reduce the possibility of shrinkage cracking.

An Analysis of the Static and Dynamic Behavior of the Hydraulic Compensation System of a Multichannel Valve

Electro-hydraulic proportional valve is the core control valve in many hydraulic systems used in agricultural and engineering machinery.To address the problem related to the large throttling losses and poor stability typically associated with these valves,here,the beneficial effects of a triangular groove structure on the related hydraulic response are studied.A mathematical model of the pressure compensation system based on the power-bond graph method is introduced,and the AMESim software is used to simulate its response.The results show that the triangular groove structure increases the jet angle and effectively compensates for the hydrodynamic force.The steady-state differential pressure at the valve port of the new pressure compensation structure was 0.65 MPa.Furthermore,experimental results show that the pressure difference at the main valve port is 0.73 MPa,and that the response time is less than 0.2 s.It is concluded that the new compensation structure has good pressure compensation response characteristics.

Compensation of Parasitic Capacitance of Quartz Tuning Fork in AFM

We have built an atomic force microscope using a quartz tuning fork as sensor. The excitation method we adopted, the electrical excitation, introduces stray capacitance into the signal-processing circuit. In this report, we demonstrated a simple but effective method to compensate for this parasitic capacitance by adding a compensator circuit consisting of an inverting amplifier and a capacitor. The capacitor is connected in series with the inverting amplifier and the compensator is connected in parallel with the quartz tuning fork. The resonance curve of the system measured after adding the homemade compensator resembles that of a pure RLC circuit, meaning that the stray capacitance is successfully eliminated. Furthermore, we tried to use our equipment to measure PDMS sample and got clean data. This system can be further combined with confocal microscope and diamond with NV defect to build scanning NV magnetometry.

Coherent range-dependent map-drift algorithm for improving SAR motion compensation

Synthetic aperture radar(SAR) is usually sensitive to trajectory deviations that cause serious motion error in the recorded data. In this paper, a coherent range-dependent mapdrift(CRDMD) algorithm is developed to accommodate the range-variant motion errors. By utilizing the algorithm as an estimate core, robust motion compensation strategy is proposed for unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) SAR imagery. CRDMD outperforms the conventional map-drift algorithms in both accuracy and efficiency. Real data experiments show that the proposed approach is appropriate for precise motion compensation for UAV SAR.