Determining the feature values of parameters indicating the critical states of molten metal bridge in short circuit transfer

Short circuit transfer involves bridging between the consumable electrode and the weld pool, associated with variations of electrical parameters which characterize the change of molten metal bridge state and are very important for the control of .spatter. In this paper, electrical process parameters and short circuit transfer images were simultaneously recorded with a LabView-based synchronous sensing and visualizing system. The arc^bridge resistance and derivatives of welding current, arc voltage and arc resistance at various instants were calculated by means of offline analysis of the welding current, arc voltage and droplet images. Parameters and their feature values indicating the onset of short circuit and the oncoming necking-down of molten metal bridge were determined. Using the calculated feature values, bridge-state-feedback control for .short circuit transfer was realized with a spatter rate less than 0. 25%.

Investigation of a Pressure Sensor with Temperature Compensation Using Two Concentric Wheatstone-Bridge Circuits

This study presents a silicon-based pressure sensor with temperature compensation. The eight piezoresistors were designed on the polycrystalline silicon membrane and constructed by two concentric Wheatstone-bridge circuits to perform two sets of sensors. The sensor in the central circuit measures the membrane deflection caused by the combined effects of pressure and temperature, while the outer one measures only the deflection caused by the working temperature. From this arrangement, it is reliable and accurate to measure the pressure by comparing the output signals from the two concentric Wheatstone-bridge circuits. The optimal positions of the eight piezoresistors were simulated by simulation software ANSYS. The investigated pressure sensor was fabricated by the micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) techniques. The measuring performance and an indication of the conventional single Wheatstone-bridge pressure sensor is easily affected under variation of different working temperature and causes a maximum absolute error up to 45.5%, while the double Wheatstone-bridge pressure sensor is able to compensate the error, and reduces it down to 1.13%. The results in this paper demonstrate an effective temperature compensation performance, and have a great performance and stability in the pressure measuring system as well.

SOFT SWITCHED SYNCHRONOUS RECTIFIER WITH PHASE-SHIFTED FULL BRIDGE CONVERTER AND ITS SMALL-SIGNAL ANALYSIS

By using the output inductors and body capacitances without adding any component compared with hard switching synchronous rectifier,the topology of a soft switched synchronous rectifier with phase-shifted full bridge zero voltage switching DC/DC converter is proposed. The converter efficiency is maximized due to soft switching of the full bridge MOSFETs and the synchronous MOSFETs, and also the low conduction loss of synchronous MOSFET. The operation principles of the circuit are analyzed in detail and the small-signal model is derived, also the converter dynamic characteristics are analyzed. Frequency responses of transfer functions under different values of transformer primary leakage inductance are discussed. The experimental results were obtained from a 400 V input and 100 A/12 V output DC/DC converter operating at 100 kHz. The results show that the converter efficiency is 2% higher in rated power than traditional diode rectifier.

Characteristics of Controlled Bridge Circuit and Its Application in Magnetic Field Induction Measurement

The article designs a new type of bridge circuit with a controlled source—when the resistance on the bridge arm of the controlled source bridge circuit meets the bridge balance condition, and the bridge branch contains only one Current-Controlled Current Source (CCCS), a Voltage-Controlled Current Source (VCCS), a Current-Controlled Voltage Source (CCVS), or a Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source (VCVS), the circuit is called a controlled bridge circuit, which has the characteristics of bridge balance. Due to the relationship between the controlled source and the bridge arm, the sensitivity of the components on the bridge is higher mathematically and logically. When applied to measurement, engineering, automatic control, and other fields, the controlled bridge circuit has higher control ac-curacy. Mathematical derivation and simulation results prove the correctness of the bridge balance conclusion and the special properties of this bridge when applied to the measurement field.

Modeling and Current Programmed Control of a Bidirectional Full Bridge DC-DC Converter

Modelling of bidirectional full bridge DC-DC converter as one of the most applicable converters has received significant attention. Mathematical modelling reduces the simulation time in comparison with detailed circuit response;moreover it is convenient for controller design purpose. Due to simple and effective methodology, average state space is the most common method among the modelling methods. In this paper a bidirectional full bridge converter is modelled by average state space and for each mode of operations a controller is designed. Attained mathematical model results are in a close agreement with detailed circuit simulation.

Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis of Dual Active Bridge Converter with LC Input Filter

The dual active bridge(DAB)converter is gaining more and more attention in various applications such as energy storage systems,electric vehicles and smart grids.To improve the quality of the input current,a LC filter is often cascaded at the input side of the DAB converter.However,there are instable problems of this cascaded system due to the impedance interactions of the DAB converter and the LC filter,although the DAB converter is stable at the individual operation mode.To assess the stability of the cascaded system of the DAB converter and the LC filter,the impedance model of the DAB converter is firstly developed based on generalized state-space averaging method.The developed impedance model can be used to accurately predict the stability of the DAB converter with its LC input filter.Based on the stability analysis,the optimum filter parameter design guideline is determined.The impedance model and stability analysis are validated by the simulation and experimental results.

基于L5A4266 ChipBridge芯片远程以太网桥的设计与实现

分析了基于 L5 A42 66Chip Bridge芯片的远程以太网桥系统总体设计思路 ,研究了该远程以太网桥各功能模块 ,给出了该系统的硬件设计实现方案。

基于LMMHD波浪能发电机特性的高效实时输出功率控制系统

针对目前液态金属磁流体(LMMHD)波浪能发电机输出功率控制系统响应慢、精度差、变换效率低、低压下不能可靠换向的问题,在LMMHD波浪能发电机输出特性分析的基础上,提出一种通过实时调节LMMHD发电机等效负载来控制发电机输出功率的控制策略,该控制策略快速准确且多模块并联时不存在并联均流问题。通过对考虑寄生参数影响的主电路效率的理论分析,得到了所提输出功率控制策略下主电路效率的变化规律,进而提出了多模块并联的方案,提高了系统效率,降低了单模块的设计难度。并提出了一种滚动时域判断和双模块独立驱动的换向驱动方法,在实现低压下可靠换向的同时避免了电流从体二极管流通,降低了导通损耗。仿真和样机实验结果验证了所提策略的有效性。

基于MATLAB_App Designer电力电子虚拟仿真实验系统设计

根据MATLAB_App Designer提供的界面布局功能,运用MATLAB_Simulink搭建电力电子仿真模型,设计了一套人机交互式电力电子技术仿真实验系统。该系统包含典型的电力电子仿真模型和实例,可以帮助学生和工程技术人员学习电力电子电路的工作原理,分析和研究参数设置对电路电压、电流等波形的影响,有利于提高学习者对电力电子技术的研究和设计能力。

一种抑制栅极正负向串扰的GaN HEMT无源驱动电路

GaN器件由于其更快的开关速度,比硅器件更容易发生严重的开关振荡,也更容易受到栅源电压振荡的影响。为了抑制GaN基半桥结构中的串扰,提出了一种抑制GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)栅极正负向串扰的无源钳位驱动电路来抑制栅源电压振荡。采用基本无源元件建立自举驱动回路,并增加三极管以构成从驱动电路到GaN HEMT的低阻抗米勒电流路径,抑制正负向串扰。在LTspice软件下进行电路模拟仿真,并搭建实验平台进行实测验证,结果表明栅源电压的最大正向串扰可降至1.2 V,最大负向串扰可降至1.6 V,漏源电流的正向和负向串扰均降至2 A以下,证明该电路对栅源电压以及漏源电流的振荡均有良好的抑制效果。

基于新能源发电改进型移相全桥变换器研究

新能源发电中需要广泛使用移相全桥变换器,以实现软开关技术从而减小系统的开关损耗。而传统移相全桥直流变换器滞后臂在轻载时难以实现ZVS,导致系统大功率输出时效率降低以及系统换路时容易产生尖峰电压、电流等现象,针对这一问题,提出了一种改进的有源软开关移相全桥DC-DC变换器拓扑。系统首先提出了改进变换器的拓扑结构,在此基础上对其工作模态进行了研究分析,并合理优化相关器件的选型,最后通过系统仿真及试验平台进行了系统仿真和试验测试,结果表明,所设计的加入辅助电路改进型移相全桥直流变换器在轻载情况下,能够使变换器滞后臂达到软开关效果,同时,在大功率输出情况下,对器件发热、电压波形振荡均有较好的抑制作用,系统整体效率变高,同时可靠性、稳定性变强。

基于寄生电感优化的分立器件布局方法研究

为了探究分立器件与PCB组合形成的半桥电路时采用何种布局方式才能尽最大限度减小线路寄生电感的问题,基于换流回路寄生电感概念,提出了一种经优化的分立器件在PCB上的布局方式,进而减小换流回路的寄生电感,随后通过有限元仿真软件评估并验证不同布局方式所产生的寄生电感,并结合LTspice电路仿真软件评估不同布局方式对器件电开关特性的影响,最后通过双脉冲实验验证了所设计的一种经过优化布局半桥电路的优越性.所提供的半桥电路的设计方法为分立器件在PCB上的布局提供了理论和技术支撑.

无线电能传输系统全桥逆变器性能优化研究

针对无线电能传输系统中全桥逆变器开关管的开通和关断存在振铃,能量传输波形纹波大,导致逆变器温升大和工作不稳定的问题,进行了电路建模分析,开展了全桥逆变器性能优化研究。首先,对逆变器开关管驱动电路进行了简化,建立了RLC串联谐振电路模型,分析了驱动电路结构参数对逆变器性能的影响规律,得出了优化方法;其次,分析了逆变器纹波大的问题,给出了优化方法;最后,搭建了300 W无线电能传输系统并进行实验。实验结果验证了优化方法的正确性和有效性,逆变器性能得到了改善,温升得到了有效控制,系统传输效率提高了5.3%,整机效率达到了89.3%。

单相不间断电源逆变电路调制度对输出电压谐波的影响

详细分析单相不间断电源核心部分(逆变电路)的特点、类型、评价指标及控制方式,然后采用广泛应用的单相双极性正弦脉冲宽度调制法的全桥逆变电路作为研究对象,导出了逆变电路输出平均电压的表达式,采用仿真和理论相结合的方法讨论了频率调制度和幅值调制度的典型取值对输出电压谐波的影响.讨论结果表明,当载波频率为调制波频率的奇数倍时,取幅值调制度r=0.9左右,而当载波频率为调制波频率的偶数倍时,取幅值调制度r=0.5左右,此时输出逆变电压波形质量更好,谐波含量较小,对于改善逆变电路的设计和参数选择具有一定的参考价值.

单相级联整流器开路故障诊断和容错均压空间矢量脉宽调制算法

针对单相级联H桥整流器(CHBR)的功率开关器件存在的开路故障问题,研究一种开关管开路故障的快速诊断算法,以及针对开关管开路故障的容错均压空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)算法。首先,该文分析单相CHBR功率开关管开路故障时电流流通路径的变化,建立电流误差变化率的分析模型,并提出一种基于电流误差变化率的快速诊断算法。该算法可以快速且准确地定位到故障开关管,且易于在程序中实现。其次,该文提出一种故障容错均压SVPWM算法,该算法在开关管开路故障时利用冗余矢量和冗余开关状态可以使系统在发生故障时仍然可以正常运行,并且各模块间的直流电压也能保持均衡。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了该文所提算法的可行性。

基于桥式驱动电路的磁阻型电磁发射器仿真与实验

在磁阻型线圈电磁发射器中,驱动线圈的剩余电流会影响抛体的发射效率。将磁阻型线圈电磁发射器驱动电路中的电容器用桥式电容电路替代,通过桥式电容电路能够快速降低发射器中驱动线圈的剩余电流,避免抛体在运动时受到反向的回吸力。该文介绍了桥式驱动电路在磁阻型线圈电磁发射器中的工作原理,通过仿真与实验对比分析磁阻型线圈电磁发射器在传统驱动电路与桥式驱动电路中的发射性能。实验和仿真的结果表明:采用桥式驱动电路后,磁阻型线圈电磁发射器的效率得到了提高,剩余电流的能量回收到电容器降低了系统能量的损耗。仿真和实验结果的规律具有一致性,验证桥式驱动电路在磁阻型线圈电磁发射器的可行性,为解决驱动线圈剩余电流及反向力的抑制提供了参考。

具备故障限流和快速故障清除能力的多端口直流断路器拓扑与控制策略

为解决直流电网中直流故障快速清除的技术难题,提出了一种同时具备限流和快速故障清除能力的多端口直流断路器,并设计了启动、限流后开断线路和限流后复位3种控制策略。所提拓扑结构通过限流电路实现断路时刻电流值的大幅下降,通过电感旁路电路实现故障清除所需时间的缩短;所提控制策略通过复用拓扑部分回路实现直流电网对断路器电容的预充电,通过初步故障判断与二次确认方式来优化断路器的动作时序,实现断路时刻电流值的进一步下降。在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了三端直流电网仿真模型,对断路器的各种工况进行了仿真验证。结果表明该多端口直流断路器在各工况下均可实现多条直流线路的保护、减小断路时刻电流值和减小故障切除所需时间。

基于高压SiC MOSFET模块桥式电路串扰抑制

碳化硅(SiC)器件开关速度快,在高压条件下串扰现象明显,串扰尖峰容易引起桥臂直通,损坏器件。此处基于桥式电路,考虑了SiC寄生参数的影响,分析了桥臂串扰现象的原因。提出了一种有源箝位的电路,可以有效抑制桥臂串扰尖峰,并且可以减小驱动电阻,减小开关损耗。此处搭建了桥式电路实验平台,通过实验验证了该方案的有效性。在相同电阻条件下可以减小62%串扰尖峰。

SiC MOSFET改进关断瞬态模型研究

传统碳化硅(silicon carbide,Si C)金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(metal-oxide-semiconductorfield-effect transistor,MOSFET)关断瞬态模型忽略了在小负载电流或小驱动电阻下Si CMOSFET的沟道关断先于对管Si C肖特基势垒二极管导通的特殊关断模式,导致该工况下传统关断模型不适用。为解决该问题,该文在传统模型的基础上,加入了对特殊关断模式机理的详细分析,完善了SiCMOSFET的关断瞬态模型。所提模型采用时间分段、机理解耦以及参数解耦的求解方法,取消了模型的迭代,提高了模型的求解速度。仿真计算结果与实验测量结果对比表明,所提改进模型可以准确体现Si CMOSFET在不同关断模式下的瞬态波形,验证了改进模型的准确性、有效性及适用性。

三有源桥变换器开关开路故障诊断与容错运行策略

作为一种典型多端口变换器,三有源桥(triple active bridge,TAB)DC-DC变换器广泛应用于分布式直流系统中,其开关器件开路故障将严重影响系统运行。为降低开关故障带来的影响,该文提出TAB变换器开路故障诊断方法与容错运行策略。首先,分析TAB变换器正常运行特性以及开关管开路故障暂态过程,提出利用TAB变换器各桥臂中点电压平均值实现开路故障定位。通过闭锁故障开关所在桥臂的驱动信号消除开路故障导致的直流偏置;然后,分析闭锁状态下TAB变换器的运行特性,确定能够保证TAB变换器实现开路故障容错运行的移相角范围,当开路故障发生于直流母线侧,调节移相角使得直流母线吸收功率,当开路故障发生于储能侧时,调节移相角使故障储能切除。实验结果验证所提方法可准确快速实现各开关管开路故障诊断,并实现容错运行,提升TAB变换器的可靠性。