A polarization sensitive interferometer:Delta interferometer

A new type of polarization sensitive interferometer is proposed,named the Delta interferometer,inspired by its geometry resembling the Greek letter Delta.The main difference between the Delta interferometer and other existing interferometers,such as Michelson,Mach-Zehnder and Young's double-slit interferometers,is that the two interfering paths are asymmetrical in the Delta interferometer.The visibility of the first-order interference pattern observed in the Delta interferometer is dependent on the polarization of the incidental light.Optical coherence theory is employed to interpret this phenomenon and single-mode continuous-wave laser light is employed to verify the theoretical predictions.The theoretical and experimental results are consistent.The Delta interferometer is a perfect tool to study the reflection of electromagnetic fields in different polarizations and may find applications in polarization-sensitive scenarios.

Phase estimation of phase shifts in two arms for an SU(1,1)interferometer with coherent and squeezed vacuum states

We theoretically study the quantum Fisher information（QFI） of the SU（1,1） interferometer with phase shifts in two arms by coherent squeezed vacuum state input, and give the comparison with the result of phase shift only in one arm.Different from the traditional Mach–Zehnder interferometer, the QFI of single-arm case for an SU（1,1） interferometer can be slightly higher or lower than that of two-arm case, which depends on the intensities of the two arms of the interferometer.For coherent squeezed vacuum state input with a fixed mean photon number, the optimal sensitivity is achieved with a squeezed vacuum input in one mode and the vacuum input in the other.

Shifting curves based on the detector integration effect for x-ray phase contrast imaging

In theory, we find that the actual function of the analyzer grating in the Talbot–Lau interferometer is segmenting the self-images of the phase grating and choosing integral areas, which make sure that each period of self-images in one detector pixel contributes the same signal to the detector. Furthermore, in the case of the lack of an analyzer grating, the shifting curves are still existent in theory as long as the number of fringes is non-integral in a detector pixel, which is a sufficient condition for creating shifting curve. The sufficient condition is available for not only the Talbot–Lau interferometer and the inverse geometry of Talbot–Lau interferometer, but also the x-ray phase contrast imaging system based on geometrical optics. In practical applications, we propose a method to improve the performances of the existing systems by employing the sufficient condition. This method can shorten the system length, is applicable to large period gratings, and can use the detectors with large pixels and large field of view. In addition, the experimental arrangement can be simplified due to the lack of an analyzer grating. In order to improve detection sensitivity and resolution, we also give an optimal fringe period.We believe that the theory and method proposed here is a step forward for x-ray phase contrast imaging.

Laser self-mixing interferometer with scalable fringe precision based on phase multiplication algorithm

In this paper,we present a phase multiplication algorithm(PMA)to obtain scalable fringe precision in laser self-mixing interferometer under a weak feedback regime.Merely by applying the double angle formula on the self-mixing signal multiple times,the continuously improved fringe precision will be obtained.Theoretical analysis shows that the precision of the fringe could be improved toλ/2^(n+1).The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by means of simulated SMI signals and confirmed by experiments under different amplitudes.A fringe precision ofλ/128 at a sampling rate of 500 k S/s has been achieved after doing 6 th the PMA.Finally,an amplitude of 50 nm has been proved to be measurable and the absolute error is 3.07 nm,which is within the theoretical error range.The proposed method for vibration measurement has the advantage of high accuracy and reliable without adding any additional optical elements in the optical path,thus it will play an important role in nanoscale measurement field.

Phase invariance in a recently proposed common-path laser interferometer

This study shows that the principle of a recently proposed connnon-path laser interferometer containing a planar grating is nonexistent and apparently caused by a mathematical derivation error. Both p- and s-polarized beams ill the proposed setup experience once the ＋lst-order diffraction and once the lst-order diffraction by tile grating. As a result, the phase of each beam remains unchanged and the interference fringes formed by the two beams are not expected to move when the grating is translated in the grating vector direction. We perform an experiment to confirm this prediction. Both our analysis and experimental observation cast doubt on the experimental results of the authors who proposed the interferometer.

Airborne direction finding method based on Doppler-phase measurement

A new direction finding(DF)method,in which the high-accuracy measuring can be realized only with single baseline,is presented used for airborne based on Doppler-phase measurement.The analysis discovers that the integer of wavelength in radial distance can be directly derived compositely,making use of the velocity vector equation and Doppler shift,as well as Doppler changing rate equation.From this,the integer difference of wavelength in path length difference of radial distance between two adjacent antenna elements can be obtained.As soon as the value less than a wavelength in path length difference is determined by phase difference measurement,the direction angle of target can be obtained.As compared with now existing interferometry first determining phase difference,this sort of direction finding method combining Doppler with phase difference first by determining path length difference does not have phase ambiguity nor require restricting base length.By simple mathematical identity transformation,we can prove that the equation derived in this paper is equivalent to an existing one from phase interferometry.The new method presented in this paper will certainly increase new developing force for the research and development of airborne single station direction finding system.