Chemical composition and pharmacological activities of the Phellodendron chinense Schneid

Phellodendron chinense Schneid(P.chinense),as a traditional Chinese medicine,is commonly used in clinical practice.It has the effects of drying dampness,clearing heat,detoxifying,purging fire,and reducing swelling.Its main chemical components are flavonoids and alkaloids,which have various pharmacological effects such as lowering blood sugar,lowering blood pressure and immunosuppression.With the continuous development of modern science and technology,the research on P.chinense Schneid has increased.This study reviews the chemical components and pharmacological effects of P.chinense Schneid,and provides reference for its further research and development.

Study on Chemical Constituents from Phellodendron chinense

[Objectives]To isolate and identify chemical constituents from Phellodendron chinense.[Methods]Compounds were isolated by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and ODS column chromatography,and their structures were determined by means of the spectral analysis and physicochemical properties.[Results]Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as berberine(1),obaculactone(2),shihulimonin A(3),N-p-coumaroyltyramine(4),1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-propane-1,3-diol(5),phellodendrine(6),magnoflorine(7),palmatine(8),jatrorrhizine(9),columbamine(10),and obacunone(11).[Conclusions]Compounds 3 and 5 were isolated from Phellodendron for the first time,and compound 4 was isolated from this plant for the first time.

川黄檗(Phellodendron chinense)适宜区及随气候变化的分布格局模拟

川黄檗(Phellodendron chinense)具有极高的药用价值,但由于人类干扰和气候变化,导致其野生资源急剧减少,目前已被列为国家Ⅱ级保护野生植物。基于川黄檗的55个有效分布记录点和19个气候因子,利用MaxEnt模型和ArcGIS软件,预测当前(1970—2000年)与未来(2041—2060年和2081—2100年)的潜在分布区格局,并评估制约其地理分布的主要气候因子。研究结果表明:MaxEnt模型预测精度极高,受试者工作曲线面积AUC值大于0.97;川黄檗当前的高适宜以上生境主要覆盖巫山山脉、四川盆地西南边缘山区、贵州中部北部山地以及大巴山南部山区;影响其分布的主要气候因子为年均降水量、年均温、温度季节变化方差和等温性;在未来气候变化情境下,川黄檗的适宜分布区总面积均有不同程度的增加,高适宜以上区域面积呈现出较为明显的波动趋势。降水和温度在塑造川黄檗分布格局上起着重要的作用;相比于当前,川黄檗在未来气候变化条件下的适宜区有向北迁移的趋势,这可为川黄檗野生种质资源保护、利用以及后续研究提供参考。

黄檗(Phellodendron amuranse)叶片总RNA提取方法研究

以黄檗(Phellodendron amuranseRupr.)叶片为材料,分别利用改进的盐酸胍法、Trizol法、CTAB法提取黄檗叶片总RNA,通过RNA产率、纯度、电泳图谱等分析,确立了1种从黄檗叶片中快速分离总RNA的方法。研究结果表明,改进盐酸胍法所提取的总RNA的A260/A280为1.928,28S和18S条带清晰谱图完整性好,而且具有产率高、时间短、成本低的特点,所提取的总RNA适用于mRNA分离、cDNA文库的建立、Northern杂交等分析。

黄柏(Phellodendron amurense Rupr．)枝条组培快繁技术研究

以黄柏枝条为外植体,通过研究MS培养基不同激素对黄柏枝条初始萌发的表现,筛选黄柏最佳培养基新配方,结果表明:最适宜黄柏茎段萌动的培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,最适宜的增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L,最适宜的生根培养基为MS+NAA 0.3 mg/L+IAA 0.2 mg/L。

滤光膜对黄檗(Phellodendron amuranse)幼苗三种生物碱含量的影响

以滤光膜遮光处理1年生黄檗(Phellodendron amuranse)幼苗,测定了幼苗生物量及根、茎外皮中的小檗碱、药根碱和掌叶防己碱含量。红色、黄色、蓝色和绿色滤光膜对黄檗幼苗的根和茎生物量都有不同程度的抑制作用,其中黄膜的抑制作用最小,而蓝膜和绿膜的抑制作用最强。滤光膜处理也不同程度地抑制了小檗碱、药根碱和掌叶防己碱的合成和积累,红膜的抑制作用最小,蓝膜和绿膜的抑制作用最强。滤光膜处理后,3种生物碱的单株产量都低于对照,红膜处理小檗碱的产量显著高于黄膜处理,但红膜和黄膜处理下的药根碱和掌叶防己碱的产量差异不显著,蓝膜和绿膜处理的3种生物碱的产量都始终最低。滤光膜处理不利于黄檗幼苗的生长和上述3种生物碱的积累。

Chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of the aqueous extract of Phellodendron amurense

The aqueous extract of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. （Amur Cork Tree） provides a rich source of antioxidants and chemical compounds, and can be used for food and wood preservative materials. In this study, we characterized the chemical composition of this extract by GC and GC/MS. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using a variety of antioxidant assays （superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide radical, and DPPH radical scavenging activity）. Additionally, total polyphenolic content was determined. Phenolic acids and acetone derivatives were major compounds of the extract capable of scavenging the DPPH free radical and reducing ferric ions. DPPH and ferric ion reduction results were strongly correlated with total phenolic content of the extract which also exhibited strong nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities.

A new sesterterpenoid from the fruits of Phellodendron chinense var.glabriusculum Schneid

A new sesterterpenoid phellogine was isolated from the fruits of Phellodendron chinense var. glabriusculum Schneid. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.

Multiscale analysis of the contents of palmatine in the Nature populations of Phellodendron amurense in Northeast China

Palmatine is a valuable ingredient in Chinese medicine that is produced by Phellodendron amurense Rupr. The contents of palmatine content in root bark, trunk bark, perennial branch bark, annual branches, and leaves of the trees with different ages and geographies in Northeast China were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The contents of palmatine in the barks of root, trunk, and perennial branch were significantly higher than those in annual branches and leaves. The contents of palmatine in trunk bark and root bark from Lesser Khingan Mountains increased with age, which is significantly opposite to other three vegetation types. The contents of palmatine in perennial branch bark, annual bark and leaves had no significant reg- ularity. Moreover, the contents of palmatine in samples of root bark, trunk bark, perennial branch bark and annual bark varied significantly with latitude. The nature populations of P. amurense growing at low latitude contained significantly more palmatine than those growing at high latitude. These results provide a scientific basis for the reasonable cultivation and efficient utilization of P. amurense.

Determination of berberine in Phellodendron amurense from different sites of Changbai Mountain

Phellodendron amurense has been used for many years as a medical plant in traditional Chinese medicine and has shown great prospect in recent clinical trials for future applications. Berberine is an essential active compound contained in P. amurense. Our objective in this study was to quantify the content of berberine in P.amurense from sites at different elevations on Changbai Mountain. We collected samples of P. amurense from five different elevations on Changbai Mountain. Berberine in samples was extracted by ultrahigh pressure extraction（UPE）. And the quantity was measured by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. First, the optimal HPLC conditions for berberine were identified with satisfactory precision（relative standard deviation, R SD／5.6 %）, good accuracy（relative error, R E／ 3.6 %） and good linear relation（R2= 0.9998） in the range of 6.576–328.8 mg L-1. Second, the combination of UPE and HPLC methods in quantitative analysis of berberine showed high repeatability（R SD= 3.28 %）, reproducibility（R SD= 4.72 %）,stability（R SD／ 1.27 %） and good recovery（99.54 %） for real plant materials. Samples from Heilongjiang Province at the lowest elevation contained the highest amount of berberine.Similarly, the lowest amount of berberine was recorded in samples from Changbai Forest Bureau of Jilin Province collected at the highest elevation in this paper. The proposed UPE–HPLC method is simple, reliable and low-cost for quantitative analysis of berberine. Content of berberine in P.amurense varied significantly by site on Changbai Mountain.

Study on Anti-gout Effect of Phellodendron amurense and Its Processed Products

[Objectives] This study was conducted to study the anti-gout effect of Phellodendron amurense and its different processed products.[Methods] Extracts of P. amurense and its different processed products were fed to rats respectively, to observe uric acid and creatinine in the serum and swelling index.[Results] Compared with the data of positive control, P. amurense and the processed products could significantly reduce the high uric acid and creatinine in the serum, and also could resist the swelling in rats.[Conclusions] P. amurense and its processed products showed different degrees of anti-gout effect, and the processing methods were found to have no remarkable impact on this effect.

Protective Effects of Phellodendron Species on Bone Health: A Novel Perspective on Their Potentials in Treating Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis

Phellodendron(PN)species,traditionally used in Chinese medicine for centuries,hold promise as a potential treatment for osteoporosis(OP)and osteoarthritis(OA)due to their bioactive compounds.The bioactive compounds,including berberine and palmatine,exhibit anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and bone-protective properties,contributing to their potential therapeutic benefits in promoting bone health and preventing bone loss.However,challenges such as the need for standardized preparation and dosing,limited clinical studies,and potential interactions with other medications hinder their clinical use.Nonetheless,the rich history of PN species in Chinese medicine provides a promising foundation for future investigation into their potential as alternative treatments for OP and OA.Further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of action and explore the clinical implications of PN for bone health.

黄柏产地趁鲜加工工艺及其可行性研究

为了优化黄柏(Phellodendron chinense Schneid.)趁鲜加工工艺,并验证其可行性,采用正交试验设计,考察工艺参数对黄柏丝质量的影响,并对趁鲜加工黄柏丝进行质量评价。结果表明,初干温度对黄柏丝的质量存在显著影响;初干温度、初干程度、复干温度均对黄柏丝加工效率有极显著影响。综合考虑黄柏丝质量、干燥时长、能耗,最适加工工艺为切丝前自然晾晒或45℃干燥至含水量43%~50%时切丝,而后45℃干燥至含水量12%以下。趁鲜加工的黄柏丝性状、水分、总灰分、浸出物、小檗碱、黄柏碱含量均符合《中华人民共和国药典》要求,质量与市售黄柏丝无显著差异,优于传统加工黄柏丝。因此,川黄柏产地趁鲜加工取代传统方法是可行的。

苦参-黄柏药对的提取工艺研究

目的研究苦参-黄柏药对的提取工艺,为治疗肛肠疾病的新药开发提供参考依据。方法以苦参总碱(苦参碱+氧化苦参碱)含量、盐酸小檗碱含量、总黄酮含量及浸膏得率为评价指标,采用层次分析法-熵权法计算各指标权重系数,结合Box-Behnken设计-响应面法研究苦参-黄柏药对的最佳提取工艺并进行验证。结果苦参-黄柏药对的最优提取工艺为以12倍量58%乙醇浸泡30 min后提取2次,每次120 min。验证实验结果与预测值的相对误差为1.88%。结论所得提取工艺稳定、可行,可为苦参-黄柏药对的进一步应用与新药开发提供参考。

关黄柏多糖对大鼠痛风性肾病的改善作用及机制研究

目的研究关黄柏多糖(PAP)对大鼠痛风性肾病(GN)的改善作用,并通过丝裂原激活蛋白激酶p38(p38 MAPK)/核因子κB(NF-κB)/肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)信号通路初步探讨其作用机制。方法将60只大鼠按体重分层后随机分为正常组(水)、模型组(水)、别嘌醇组(阳性对照,20 mg/kg)和PAP高、中、低剂量组(100、50、25 mg/kg,以生药量计),每组10只。除正常组外,其余各组大鼠均采取1500 mg/kg氧嗪酸钾和100 mg/kg腺嘌呤联合灌胃14 d构建GN模型。造模成功后,各组大鼠灌胃相应药物/水,每天1次,连续28 d。末次给药后,检测大鼠肾功能相关生化指标[尿酸、肌酐(Cr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)],观察大鼠肾组织病理形态学变化,检测大鼠肾组织中单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)、TNF-α、白细胞介素6(IL-6)蛋白表达水平和p38MAPK、NF-κB p65蛋白的磷酸化水平。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肾小管扩张,肾小球结构损坏,并伴有炎症浸润与纤维化;尿酸、Cr、BUN、XOD含量以及MCP-1、TNF-α、IL-6蛋白表达水平和p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65蛋白的磷酸化水平均显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与模型组比较,PAP各剂量组大鼠的肾组织病理症状均有不同程度改善;PAP高、中剂量组大鼠尿酸、Cr、BUN、XOD含量以及MCP-1、TNF-α、IL-6蛋白表达水平和p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65蛋白的磷酸化水平均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论PAP具有抗GN的作用,其机制可能与抑制p38 MAPK/NF-κB/TNF-α信号通路的激活有关。

新疆营盘遗址出土丝织物染料和纤维品种及来源

文章通过对新疆营盘遗址出土的汉晋时期部分纺织品进行染料和纤维品种鉴别,分析这批织物的纺织材料来源,为出土纺织品提供科学认知和后续保护提供依据。采用高效液相色谱—离子阱质谱联用技术鉴别染料品种,采用形貌分析、蛋白质组学方法鉴别丝纤维品种。分析结果明确了这批营盘出土的丝织品使用了川黄檗和西茜草染料;纤维采用家蚕丝和野桑蚕丝;推测这批织物中使用的家蚕丝纱线产自四川、湖南、湖北地区,野桑蚕丝纱线产自新疆本地,不同品种的丝线在原料产地采用当地产的植物染料进行丝线的染色,织物为新疆本地织造。

川黄檗不同树龄矿质元素含量及其与根际土壤因子的相关性分析

【目的】探究川黄檗不同树龄各部位和根际土壤中矿质元素含量变化规律,以及矿质元素和土壤因子相关性,以期为川黄檗幼龄林营养诊断、科学施肥提供依据。【方法】以川黄檗1~3年生苗木为试材,对不同部位(叶、当年生枝和根)和根际土壤中矿质元素含量及其变化规律进行研究,并分析了根际土壤与不同部位间以及各部位中矿质元素间的相关性,进而评价不同部位对土壤中矿质营养元素的富集能力。【结果】1)不同树龄和不同部位矿质元素含量具有一定的差异,且随着树龄的增加,叶中N、Ca、Cu和Zn,当年生枝中P和Cu以及根中Mg含量显著下降(P<0.05)。2)不同树龄根际土壤矿质元素含量差异显著(P<0.05),随着树龄增加,Ca、Mn和Zn含量显著增加(P<0.05),Fe含量显著下降(P<0.05);元素含量大小为:N>K>Ca>Fe>P>Mn>Mg>Cu>Zn。3)川黄檗对根际土壤中矿质元素的富集能力不同,对Ca、Mg的富集能力较强,对N、P和K的富集能力居中,对Fe、Mn和Cu的富集能力较低。4)叶中K与P,当年生枝及根中的N与K间均存在显著正相关(P<0.05),各部位N与多种元素相关性显著(P<0.05);土壤中元素与叶、根中多种元素显著相关(P<0.05)。【结论】川黄檗幼龄林不同生长年限各部位及土壤中矿质元素含量呈现不同的变化规律,各部位元素之间及与土壤中矿质元素既有协同作用又有拮抗作用,不同部位对矿质营养元素具有不同的富集能力。依据研究结果,川黄檗幼龄林施肥时应该注意补充叶中N、Ca、Cu和Zn,同时合理搭配P和Mg等元素,注意用量的协调,保证植株营养均衡。

配比施肥对不同川黄柏种源幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

【目的】探究不同配比施肥对3个川黄柏种源幼苗生长及生理特性的影响,旨在为川黄柏的科学应用提供适宜的种源与施肥方案。【方法】以1年生3个川黄柏种源幼苗为试验材料,采用L27(313)正交试验设计,对3个种源进行配比施肥试验,测定其生长指标(苗高、地径)和生理特性指标(叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)),并运用相关性分析及隶属函数模糊评价法进行综合评价。【结果】与CK相比,配比施肥能显著促进川黄柏苗高、地径生长及叶片叶绿素含量,增强可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及酶活性(SOD、NR、GS),对抑制丙二醛含量降低膜脂过氧化效果明显。隶属函数综合评价结果表明,3个种源综合表现最差的均为CK,其中重庆江津种源在T6(N2P3K1)处理下综合表现最好;湖北恩施种源在T4(N2P1K2)处理下的综合表现最佳;湖南湘西种源在T8(N3P2K1)处理下的综合表现最优。【结论】合理的氮磷钾配比施肥可以改善川黄柏幼苗的生理代谢水平,促进苗木生长发育。研究表明3个川黄柏种源中湖北恩施种源综合表现最佳,为优选栽培种源,其次为湖南湘西及重庆江津种源。本试验条件下,生产上适宜重庆江津种源的最佳氮磷钾施入量为尿素6 g·株^(-1)、过磷酸钙5 g·株^(-1)、氯化钾2 g·株^(-1);湖北恩施种源为尿素6 g·株^(-1)、过磷酸钙1 g·株^(-1)、氯化钾3 g·株^(-1);湖南湘西种源为尿素8 g·株^(-1)、过磷酸钙3 g·株^(-1)、氯化钾2 g·株^(-1)。

不同气候情景下小兴安岭3个珍稀易危树种的潜在分布预测

【目的】水曲柳、黄菠萝和紫椴为小兴安岭地区亚顶极群落主要建群树种,分析水曲柳、黄菠萝和紫椴在全球气候变化的背景下的潜在分布区,揭示气候变化对植物分布格局影响,进而为森林质量精准提升和国家储备林建设提供依据。【方法】基于19个气候因子、土壤以及海拔数据,运用MaxEnt模型预测了小兴安岭地区3个珍稀易危树种当前、未来(2021—2040年、2041—2060年、2061—2080年和2081—2100年)4种气候变化情景(ssp126、ssp245、ssp370和ssp585)下潜在分布情况。【结果】1)MaxEnt模型拟合效果良好,AUC值均大于0.7;2)水曲柳重要环境因子依次为年降水量、最热季度的平均温度、最湿月份降水;黄菠萝重要环境因子依次为年降水量、最冷季度的平均温度、最冷季降水;紫椴重要环境因子依次为年平均温度、年降水量、最冷季度的平均温度;3)未来气候变化条件下,水曲柳适生区面积波动较大;黄菠萝在ssp370气候情景下,适生区面积缩减程度最大,其他情况适生区面积趋于平稳;紫椴适生区面积为21 769.87~25 579.46 km^(2),变化范围小,适生区面积有减小趋势。4种气候变化下3个树种核心区中心海拔升高31~222 m。【结论】为使小兴安岭地区森林质量提升,以适地适树为原则,可在伊春市大力种植黄菠萝,在黑河市南部和伊春市北部大力种植紫椴。气候变化对水曲柳影响较大,适生区存在面积小,并且适生区等级降低面积大,建议加大对水曲柳保护力度。

基于网络药理学和体内实验分析黄柏多糖治疗肝损伤的作用机制

目的 基于网络药理学分析黄柏治疗肝损伤的作用及分子机制,并通过小鼠体内实验验证相关预测靶点及黄柏提取物-黄柏多糖对免疫性肝损伤的保护作用。方法 利用TCMSP和Swiss target prediction数据库检索并筛选黄柏的有效成分及作用靶点,然后在GeneCards和OMIM网站获得疾病相关靶点,取化合物与疾病交集靶点做蛋白互作分析、GO生物功能和KEGG信号途径富集分析,接着对化合物及关键靶点蛋白进行分子对接,最后建立刀豆蛋白A(Con A)诱导的小鼠肝损伤模型探讨黄柏提取物治疗肝损伤的作用机制。结果 黄柏中共筛选出37个有效成分,其治疗关键靶点为肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1(AKT1)、信号转导与转录激活因子3(STAT3)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)和半胱天蛋白酶3(CASP3)等,富集分析显示黄柏可能通过MAPK级联反应的正向调控、氧化应激反应等分子机制及调控PI3K-Akt信号通路、脂质和动脉粥样硬化等通路发挥对肝脏的保护作用。动物实验发现黄柏多糖灌胃处理可提高肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)及肝组织丙二醛(MDA)水平,调控血清炎症因子白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)的表达,并降低肝组织中TNF-α mRNA表达。结论 黄柏可通过作用于TNF-α、AKT1、STAT3、EGFR和CASP3等靶点,干预脂质和动脉粥样硬化通路来减轻氧化应激反应和炎症反应,达到保肝作用。