Opuntia joconostle fruit is a rich source of biocompounds such as polyphenols including gallic, vanilic, 4-hidroxybenzoic, cafeic, and syringic acids, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, and vanillin, besides betalains. The...Opuntia joconostle fruit is a rich source of biocompounds such as polyphenols including gallic, vanilic, 4-hidroxybenzoic, cafeic, and syringic acids, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, and vanillin, besides betalains. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of supplementation polyphenols-rich extracts from different parts of Opuntia joconostle against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in a mouse model. The animals were treated orally with polyphenols-rich extracts at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW for 30 consecutive days. On day 30th the mice received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as hepatoxic agent. Biochemical evaluations were carried out 24 h after induction of the oxidative stress. Data showed that methanolic extracts from different parts of Opuntia joconostle exerting protective effect against the CCl4-induced oxidative stress in mice. Histology examination revealed that the damage decreased in groups treated with polyphenols-rich extracts compared to the group that did not receive any treatment. Opuntia joconostle fruit contains many phenolic compounds, flavonoids and betalains. The protective effect of extracts may be related to the phenolic composition and also by a counteraction with other compounds, such as betalains and flavonoids that increase their antioxidant effect.展开更多
As superficial structures,non-glandular trichomes,protect plant organs against multiple biotic and abiotic stresses.The protective and defensive roles of these epidermal appendages are crucial to developing organs and...As superficial structures,non-glandular trichomes,protect plant organs against multiple biotic and abiotic stresses.The protective and defensive roles of these epidermal appendages are crucial to developing organs and can be attributed to the excellent combination of suitable structural traits and chemical reinforcement in the form of phenolic compounds,primarily fl avonoids.Both the formation of trichomes and the accumulation of phenolics are interrelated at the molecular level.During the early stages of development,non-glandular trichomes show strong morphological similarities to glandular ones such as the balloon-like apical cells with numerous phenolics.At later developmental stages,and during secondary wall thickening,phenolics are transferred to the cell walls of the trichomes.Due to the diff use deposition of phenolics in the cell walls,trichomes provide protection against UV-B radiation by behaving as optical fi lters,screening out wavelengths that could damage sensitive tissues.Protection from strong visible radiation is also aff orded by increased surface light refl ectance.Moreover,the mixtures of trichome phenolics represent a superfi-cial chemical barrier that provides protection against biotic stress factors such as herbivores and pathogens.Although the cells of some trichomes die at maturity,they can modulate their quantitative and qualitative characteristics during development,depending on the prevailing conditions of the external biotic or abiotic environment.In fact,the structure and chemical constituents of trichomes may change due to the particular light regime,herbivore damage,wounding,water stress,salinity and the presence of heavy metals.Hence,trichomes represent dynamic protective structures that may greatly aff ect the outcome of many plant–environment interactions.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the modulatory effect of fermented legume condiments diet on oxidative stress in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods:Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups ...Objective:To investigate the modulatory effect of fermented legume condiments diet on oxidative stress in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods:Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups with six animals in each group.Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ(35 mg/kg b.w.).After being confirmed diabetic,the rats were fed with fermented Bambara groundnut.Locust bean and Soybean diets for 14 days.The plasma was obtained after 14-day treatment and analyzed for hepatic damage marker enzymes(AST,ALT and ALP) and in vivo antioxidant indices.Results:The diabetic untreated rats showed elevated (P【0.05) levels of AST,ALT.ALP and malondialdehyde with reduced activities of glutathiones -transferase,catalase as well as plasma reduced glutathione,vitamin C and total protein content.However,treatment of diabetic rats with lermenled legume condiments diets for 14 days significantly(P【0.05) reversed the above parameters towards normalcy,suggesting their modulation of oxidative stress,which mav be due to their high phenolic content and antioxidant capacity.Conclusions:The attenuation of oxidative stress and protection of hepatic tissue damage by the legume condiment diets in STZ induced diabetic rats compare favourably with that of metformin,a well known oral hypoglycemic drug.展开更多
To clarify how shade stress affects lignin biosynthesis in soybean stem, two varieties, Nandou 12（shade tolerant） and Nan 032-4（shade susceptible） grew under normal light and shade conditions（the photosynthetical...To clarify how shade stress affects lignin biosynthesis in soybean stem, two varieties, Nandou 12（shade tolerant） and Nan 032-4（shade susceptible） grew under normal light and shade conditions（the photosynthetically active radiation and the ratio of red：far-red were lower than normal light condition）. Lignin accumulation, transcripts of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, and intermediates content of lignin biosynthesis were analyzed. Both soybean varieties suffered shade stress had increased plant heights and internode lengths, and reduced stem diameters and lignin accumulation in stems. The expression levels of lignin-related genes were significantly influenced by shade stress, with interactions between the light environment and variety. The gene of 3-hydroxylase（C3H）, cinnamoyl-Co A reductase（CCR）, caffeoylCoAO-methyltransferase（CCoAOMT）, and peroxidase（POD） attributed to lignin biosynthesis under shade stress, and the down-regulation of these genes resulted in lower caffeic, sinapic, and ferulic acid levels, which caused a further decrease in lignin biosynthesis. Under shade stress, the shade tolerant soybean variety（Nandou 12） showed stiffer stems, higher lignin content, and greater gene expression level and higher metabolite contents than shade susceptible one. So these characteristics could be used for screening the shade-tolerant soybean for intercropping.展开更多
Phenylalanin ammonia-lyase(PAL) plays a pivotal role in the production of phenolic compounds,which are responsible for the success of the defense strategies in harsh environments in response to different stimuli.Measu...Phenylalanin ammonia-lyase(PAL) plays a pivotal role in the production of phenolic compounds,which are responsible for the success of the defense strategies in harsh environments in response to different stimuli.Measurements of the PAL activity,total phenolics,total flavonoids and anthocyanin contents were performed in flowers,leaves and fruits of three pistachio cultivars "Ahmadaghaii","Ohadi" and "Kallehghuchi".The results showed that PAL activity was different in cultivars and in plant organs of pistachio trees(flowers,leaves and fruits).The highest activity rate of their compounds was observed in Ahmadaghaii cultivar.A positive correlation was observed between PAL activity,total phenolics and total flavonoids in leaves,and a negative correlation between PAL activity and anthocyanin contents in leaves and flowers of Ahmadaghaii cultivar.PAL activity and total phenolics in fruits of pistachio suffered a decrease when the maturation processes began.It is suggested that the hulls of the pistachio fruits,containing high level of phenolic compounds(especially in Ahmadaghaii cultivar),may function as a protective layer of defense chemicals against ultraviolet radiation and pathogens.The final concentration of phenolic compounds,flavonoids and antocyanins in the kernel depend on PAL activity in the kernel's cultivar.The results led to the conclusion that increase in PAL activity,phenolic compounds and flavonoids in Ahmadaghaii can help the plant to cope with the stresses better than the other cultivars.Since phenolic compounds are antioxidant and scavenge free oxygen,it is postulated that Ahmadaghaii is the most resistant cultivar to the environmental stresses.展开更多
In the present investigation, the valorization of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) wastes into food application with health benefits was studied. Growing interest in the replacement of synthetic food antioxidants by ...In the present investigation, the valorization of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) wastes into food application with health benefits was studied. Growing interest in the replacement of synthetic food antioxidants by natural ones has fostered research on vegetable sources and screening of raw materials to identify new antioxidants. Different parts of sweet potato contain various phenolic activities. The sweet potato peel had the highest antioxidant activity as compared to other parts. It was reported that sweet potato contains bioactive compounds such as Flavonoids, Polyphenols, The present study was executed to examine the antioxidant components of sweet potato peel and their addition to fermented cow’s milk to improve lipid profile in rats fed high fat diet. Fermented milk was prepared from cow’s milk fortified with 1% and 2% of sweet potato peels (SPP), before inoculation with starter culture containing (S. thermophilus TH4, L. acidophilus La5 and L. bulgaricus). It was found that addition of SPP had no significant effects on the sensory attributes (appearance, body, texture, and flavor) as compared to the control samples. Increasing the percentage of SPP resulted in a decrease in the viscosity of the fermented milk. When SPP powder was included in the diet and fed to rats, there was a significant decrease in the activities of serum transaminases (ALT and AST). Results also showed that the fermented milk administration to hyperlipidemic/hyper-cholesterolemic rats induced a significant decrease in the total cholesterol, LDL, protein and triglycerides, and a significant increase in HDL concentration. Histopathological examination showed that groups fed with SPP blended fermented milk showed less pathological changes compared to the positive control group. The main results indicated that there is a high potential for sweet potato peel extract to be utilized as antioxidant in food systems due to its high phenolic contents. It can be concluded that the antioxidant components in purple sweet potato peel when administered with fermented cow’s milk can improve serum lipid status in rats fed high fat diet.展开更多
文摘Opuntia joconostle fruit is a rich source of biocompounds such as polyphenols including gallic, vanilic, 4-hidroxybenzoic, cafeic, and syringic acids, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, and vanillin, besides betalains. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of supplementation polyphenols-rich extracts from different parts of Opuntia joconostle against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in a mouse model. The animals were treated orally with polyphenols-rich extracts at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW for 30 consecutive days. On day 30th the mice received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as hepatoxic agent. Biochemical evaluations were carried out 24 h after induction of the oxidative stress. Data showed that methanolic extracts from different parts of Opuntia joconostle exerting protective effect against the CCl4-induced oxidative stress in mice. Histology examination revealed that the damage decreased in groups treated with polyphenols-rich extracts compared to the group that did not receive any treatment. Opuntia joconostle fruit contains many phenolic compounds, flavonoids and betalains. The protective effect of extracts may be related to the phenolic composition and also by a counteraction with other compounds, such as betalains and flavonoids that increase their antioxidant effect.
基金partially funded by the Greek General Secretariat of Research and Technologythe Greek Scholarship FoundationThe ’Empirikion’ Foundation
文摘As superficial structures,non-glandular trichomes,protect plant organs against multiple biotic and abiotic stresses.The protective and defensive roles of these epidermal appendages are crucial to developing organs and can be attributed to the excellent combination of suitable structural traits and chemical reinforcement in the form of phenolic compounds,primarily fl avonoids.Both the formation of trichomes and the accumulation of phenolics are interrelated at the molecular level.During the early stages of development,non-glandular trichomes show strong morphological similarities to glandular ones such as the balloon-like apical cells with numerous phenolics.At later developmental stages,and during secondary wall thickening,phenolics are transferred to the cell walls of the trichomes.Due to the diff use deposition of phenolics in the cell walls,trichomes provide protection against UV-B radiation by behaving as optical fi lters,screening out wavelengths that could damage sensitive tissues.Protection from strong visible radiation is also aff orded by increased surface light refl ectance.Moreover,the mixtures of trichome phenolics represent a superfi-cial chemical barrier that provides protection against biotic stress factors such as herbivores and pathogens.Although the cells of some trichomes die at maturity,they can modulate their quantitative and qualitative characteristics during development,depending on the prevailing conditions of the external biotic or abiotic environment.In fact,the structure and chemical constituents of trichomes may change due to the particular light regime,herbivore damage,wounding,water stress,salinity and the presence of heavy metals.Hence,trichomes represent dynamic protective structures that may greatly aff ect the outcome of many plant–environment interactions.
文摘Objective:To investigate the modulatory effect of fermented legume condiments diet on oxidative stress in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods:Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups with six animals in each group.Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ(35 mg/kg b.w.).After being confirmed diabetic,the rats were fed with fermented Bambara groundnut.Locust bean and Soybean diets for 14 days.The plasma was obtained after 14-day treatment and analyzed for hepatic damage marker enzymes(AST,ALT and ALP) and in vivo antioxidant indices.Results:The diabetic untreated rats showed elevated (P【0.05) levels of AST,ALT.ALP and malondialdehyde with reduced activities of glutathiones -transferase,catalase as well as plasma reduced glutathione,vitamin C and total protein content.However,treatment of diabetic rats with lermenled legume condiments diets for 14 days significantly(P【0.05) reversed the above parameters towards normalcy,suggesting their modulation of oxidative stress,which mav be due to their high phenolic content and antioxidant capacity.Conclusions:The attenuation of oxidative stress and protection of hepatic tissue damage by the legume condiment diets in STZ induced diabetic rats compare favourably with that of metformin,a well known oral hypoglycemic drug.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671626)
文摘To clarify how shade stress affects lignin biosynthesis in soybean stem, two varieties, Nandou 12（shade tolerant） and Nan 032-4（shade susceptible） grew under normal light and shade conditions（the photosynthetically active radiation and the ratio of red：far-red were lower than normal light condition）. Lignin accumulation, transcripts of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, and intermediates content of lignin biosynthesis were analyzed. Both soybean varieties suffered shade stress had increased plant heights and internode lengths, and reduced stem diameters and lignin accumulation in stems. The expression levels of lignin-related genes were significantly influenced by shade stress, with interactions between the light environment and variety. The gene of 3-hydroxylase（C3H）, cinnamoyl-Co A reductase（CCR）, caffeoylCoAO-methyltransferase（CCoAOMT）, and peroxidase（POD） attributed to lignin biosynthesis under shade stress, and the down-regulation of these genes resulted in lower caffeic, sinapic, and ferulic acid levels, which caused a further decrease in lignin biosynthesis. Under shade stress, the shade tolerant soybean variety（Nandou 12） showed stiffer stems, higher lignin content, and greater gene expression level and higher metabolite contents than shade susceptible one. So these characteristics could be used for screening the shade-tolerant soybean for intercropping.
基金Shahid Bahonar University for providing research funds and Iran's Pistachio Research Institute (IPRI) for providing the research material
文摘Phenylalanin ammonia-lyase(PAL) plays a pivotal role in the production of phenolic compounds,which are responsible for the success of the defense strategies in harsh environments in response to different stimuli.Measurements of the PAL activity,total phenolics,total flavonoids and anthocyanin contents were performed in flowers,leaves and fruits of three pistachio cultivars "Ahmadaghaii","Ohadi" and "Kallehghuchi".The results showed that PAL activity was different in cultivars and in plant organs of pistachio trees(flowers,leaves and fruits).The highest activity rate of their compounds was observed in Ahmadaghaii cultivar.A positive correlation was observed between PAL activity,total phenolics and total flavonoids in leaves,and a negative correlation between PAL activity and anthocyanin contents in leaves and flowers of Ahmadaghaii cultivar.PAL activity and total phenolics in fruits of pistachio suffered a decrease when the maturation processes began.It is suggested that the hulls of the pistachio fruits,containing high level of phenolic compounds(especially in Ahmadaghaii cultivar),may function as a protective layer of defense chemicals against ultraviolet radiation and pathogens.The final concentration of phenolic compounds,flavonoids and antocyanins in the kernel depend on PAL activity in the kernel's cultivar.The results led to the conclusion that increase in PAL activity,phenolic compounds and flavonoids in Ahmadaghaii can help the plant to cope with the stresses better than the other cultivars.Since phenolic compounds are antioxidant and scavenge free oxygen,it is postulated that Ahmadaghaii is the most resistant cultivar to the environmental stresses.
文摘In the present investigation, the valorization of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) wastes into food application with health benefits was studied. Growing interest in the replacement of synthetic food antioxidants by natural ones has fostered research on vegetable sources and screening of raw materials to identify new antioxidants. Different parts of sweet potato contain various phenolic activities. The sweet potato peel had the highest antioxidant activity as compared to other parts. It was reported that sweet potato contains bioactive compounds such as Flavonoids, Polyphenols, The present study was executed to examine the antioxidant components of sweet potato peel and their addition to fermented cow’s milk to improve lipid profile in rats fed high fat diet. Fermented milk was prepared from cow’s milk fortified with 1% and 2% of sweet potato peels (SPP), before inoculation with starter culture containing (S. thermophilus TH4, L. acidophilus La5 and L. bulgaricus). It was found that addition of SPP had no significant effects on the sensory attributes (appearance, body, texture, and flavor) as compared to the control samples. Increasing the percentage of SPP resulted in a decrease in the viscosity of the fermented milk. When SPP powder was included in the diet and fed to rats, there was a significant decrease in the activities of serum transaminases (ALT and AST). Results also showed that the fermented milk administration to hyperlipidemic/hyper-cholesterolemic rats induced a significant decrease in the total cholesterol, LDL, protein and triglycerides, and a significant increase in HDL concentration. Histopathological examination showed that groups fed with SPP blended fermented milk showed less pathological changes compared to the positive control group. The main results indicated that there is a high potential for sweet potato peel extract to be utilized as antioxidant in food systems due to its high phenolic contents. It can be concluded that the antioxidant components in purple sweet potato peel when administered with fermented cow’s milk can improve serum lipid status in rats fed high fat diet.
