Symplocosionosides A-C, Three Megastigmane Glycosides, a Neolignan Glucoside, and Symplocosins A and B, Two Triterpene Glycosyl Esters from the Leaves of <i>Symplocos cochinchinensis</i>var. <i>Philippinensis</i>

From the 1-BuOH-soluble fraction of a MeOH extract of the leaves of Symplocos cochinchinensis var. philippinensis, 12 compounds were isolated. Spectroscopic analyses of compounds 1 - 3 established their structures to be megastig-mane glycosides, named symplocosionosides A-C. The absolute structure of 1 was determined by the modified Mosher’s method. Compound 4 was found to be a neolignan glucoside and named symplocosneolignan. The structures of com-pounds 5 and 6, named symplocosins A and B, were elucidated to be the saponins of hederagenin sugar esters. The structures of the remaining known compounds (7 - 12) were identified by comparison of spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature.

Chemical Constituents from Roots of Flemingia philippinensis

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Flemingia philippinensis. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combination of silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20, polyamide, and ODS column chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by means of spectral data. Results Ten compounds were isolated from F. philippinensis and identified as isoderrone (1), dalparvin A (2), prunetin (3), 7,3′-dihydroxy-5,4′,5′-trimethoxyisoflavone (4), pratensein-7-O-β-D-glucoside (5), sissotrin (6), sophororicoside (7), formononetin (8), orobol (9), and biochanin A (10). Conclusion Compounds 1-6 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

蔓性千斤拔药材中重金属含量分析

采用微波消解蔓性千斤拔(Flemingia philippinensis)药材样品,用原子吸收分光光度法测定铅、镉和铜,用原子荧光光度法测定砷、汞的含量。结果表明,样品中5种有害重金属元素均未超标,方法回收率为98.5%～102.6%,相对标准偏差为0.75%～3.26%。该法精密度和准确度较高,可用于蔓性千斤拔药材中的重金属元素含量快速分析。

蔓性千斤拔最佳采收期及根部总黄酮含量提取工艺研究

为研究蔓性千斤拔[Moghania philippinensis(Merr.Et Rolfe)Li.]的最佳采收期及根部总黄酮含量最佳提取工艺,采用紫外分光光度计法和L9(34)正交试验对其进行了优化。结果表明,蔓性千斤拔在次年10月总黄酮含量最高;在乙醇浓度90%、提取时间60 min、提取2次、提取温度100℃时,根部总黄酮得率最高。

Human intestinal capillariasis in Thailand

Intestinal capillariasis caused by Capillaria philippinensis appeared first in the Philippines and subsequently in Thailand,Japan,Iran,Egypt and Taiwan; major outbreaks have occurred in the Philippines and Thailand. This article reviews the epidemiology,history and sources of C. philippinensis infection in Thailand. The annual epidemiological surveillance reports indicated that 82 accumulated cases of intestinal capillariasis were found in Thailand from 1994-2006. That made Thailand a Capillaria-prevalent area. Sisaket,in northeast Thailand,was the first province which has reported intestinal capillariasis. Moreover,Buri Ram presented a high prevalence of intestinal capillariasis,totaling 24 cases from 1994-2006. About half of all cases have consumed raw or undercooked fish. However,even if the numbers of the intestinal capillariasis cases in Thailand is reduced,C. philippinensis infection cases are still reported. The improvement of personal hygiene,specifically avoiding consumption of undercooked fish and promoting a health education campaign are required. These strategies may minimize or eliminate C. philippinensis infection in Thailand.

Antioxidant,cytotoxic,and anti-venom activity of Alstonia parvifolia Merr.Bark

Objective:To evaluate antioxidant,cytotoxic,and anti-venom capacity of crude bark extracts of Alstonia parvifolia Merr.Methods:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and energy dispersive X-ray analyses were accomplished to characterize the chemical constituents of Alstonia parvifolia.Biochemical characterization was evaluated using an inhibitory phospholipase A_(2)(PLA_(2))assay,DPPH,and cytotoxicity assays.Using the constituents listed in the GC-MS analyses,molecular docking was conducted to inspect the binding energies between the chosen compounds and selected PLA_(2) isoforms.Results:GC-MS analyses showed that the Alstonia parvifolia crude extract consisted predominantly of acetylmarinobufogenin(14.89%),γ-sitosterol(10.44%),3-O-methyl-D-glucose(5.88%),3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid(5.30%),(2α,5α)-17-methoxyaspidofracti­nin-3-one(AFM)(4.08%),and 2,3,5,6,7,8,9-heptahydro-1-phenyl-5-(p-chlorophenylimino)-1H-benzo[e][1,4]thiazepine(HPT)(1.37%).The principal elemental components of Alstonia parvifolia were Ca(4.012%)and K(1.496%),as exhibited by energy dispersive X-ray examination.Alstonia parvifolia showed significant free radical scavenging ability(IC_(50):0.287 mg/mL)and was non-cytotoxic to normal HDFn cells(IC_(50)>100μg/mL).Moreover,Alstonia parvifolia was favorably cytotoxic to MCF-7(IC_(50):4.42µg/mL),followed by H69PR,HT-29,and THP-1,with IC_(50) values of 4.94,5.07,and 6.27µg/mL,respectively.Alstonia parvifolia also displayed notable inhibition against PLA_(2) activity of Naja philippinensis Taylor venom with IC_(50) of(15.2±1.8)μg/mL.Docking and cluster analyses projected negative binding energies from AFM(−6.36 to−9.68 kcal/mol),HPT(−7.38 to−9.77 kcal/mol),and acetylmarinobufogenin(−7.22 to−9.59 kcal/mol).These calculations were for the particular interactions of Alstonia parvifolia constituents to PLA_(2) homologues where the utmost affinity was detected in HPT owing to the dipole interactions with amino acid residues.Conclusions:The bark extract of Alstonia parvifolia shows great potential as an anti-venom agent due to its low cytotoxic profile,remarkable PLA_(2) inhibition,and docking binding energies between its bioactive constituents and PLA_(2) homologues.