Discussion on the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 Causing Lung Disease and Heart Damage Based on Lei Zhongyi's Theory of Intermingled Phlegm,Blood Stasis and Toxin

Novel coronavirus infection not only damages lung function,but also causes myocardial injury,elevated myocardial enzymes and heart failure,especially for patients with basic heart diseases who develop COVID-19,the first consideration should be the protection of cardiac function.Based on the theory of intermingled phlegm,blood stasis and toxin of heart disease put forward by Master Lei Zhongyi,the dialectical treatment thinking of COVID-19 patients from the concept of damage of phlegm,blood stasis and toxin to the heart were discussed.During the diagnosis,critical stage and recovery period of COVID-19,expectorant and blood-activating agents,heat and detoxification agents can be added to promote lung and asthma,free Bizheng and remove blood stasis,calm the heart and calm the mind,and promote the recovery of cardiopulmonary functions.

Efficacy of Danlou Tablet in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease with Phlegm and Blood Stasis Syndrome and Its Effects on Serum Inflammatory Factors

[Objectives] To explore the efficacy of Danlou Tablet( DLT) in the treatment of coronary heart disease( CHD) with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome and its effects on serum inflammatory factors. [Methods]One hundred and ninety-seven patients with CHD and phlegm and blood stasis syndrome in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected and randomly divided into two groups: control group( n =98) treated with aspirin plus atorvastatin,and research group( n =99) treated with DLT and aspirin plus atorvastatin for one month. The clinical efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions were observed. Serum secretory phospholipase A2( s PLA2),lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2( LP-PLA2),oxidized low-density lipoprotein( ox-LDL),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1( MCP-1) and World Health Organization Quality of Life( WHOQOL-100) scores were compared before and after one month of treatment. [Results] The total effective rate was93. 94% in the research group,which was higher than that in the control group( 79. 59%,P < 0. 05);the levels of serum s PLA2,LP-PLA2,ox-LDL and MCP-1 in the research group were lower than those in the control group after one month of treatment( P < 0. 05). There was no statistical significance of the difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the research group and the control group( P > 0. 05).After one month of treatment,WHOQOL-100 scores were higher in two groups,which were higher in the research group than that in the control group( P < 0. 05). [Conclusions]DLT can significantly reduce the level of serum inflammatory factors,improve the quality of life in patients with CHD and phlegm and blood stasis syndrome.

Effect of Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Danshen Decoction on clinical efficacy of unstable angina with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Danshen decoction on unstable angina(UA)with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome.Method:Eighty patients with UA were randomly divided into treatment group(40 cases)and control group(40 cases)by random number table.The control group was given conventional western medicine treatment,and the experimental group was given Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction and Danshen decoction on the basis of the control group.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.Before and after treatment,the angina attacks,dosage of nitroglycerin,traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score,quality of life score,blood lipid,coagulation index and clinical total efficacy were observed and recorded.Results:After 4 weeks of treatment,the attack times and duration of angina in the two groups were both decreased compared with those before treatment.And the treatment group was more significantly reduced than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05);the consumption of nitroglycerin of the treatment group was 90.0%,which was better than 67.5%of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05);the total effective rate of the treatment group was 90%,which was better than 65%of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05);the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group,the differences was significant(p<0.05).The improvement of low density lipoprotein(LDL-C),total cholesterol(TC)and prothrombin time(PT)in the experimental group was better than that in the control group(p<0.05).During the study,there were no obvious adverse reactions in both groups.Conclusion:Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Danshen decoction can effectively relieve the attack of angina and the consumption of nitroglycerin,improve clinical symptoms,regulate blood lipid and blood flow state,and improve the quality of life of patients with UA,with good clinical efficacy and safety.

Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine combined with Western Medicine on blood lipid levels and inflammatory factors in patients with angina pectoris in coronary heart disease identified as intermingled phlegm and blood stasis syndrome:a network Meta-anal

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine prescriptions for resolving phlegm in the treatment of angina pectoris of phlegmstasis coronary heart disease by a network Meta-analysis.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on clinical efficacy of CHD angina pectoris with interaction of phlegm and blood stasis were searched in PubMed,Springer,the Cochrane Library and Chinese-language databases China National Knowledge Infrastructure,China Science and Technology Journal Database,and Wanfang Data from their inception to December 2021.Literature was screened and literature bias risk was assessed by RevMan5.4 software.The overall response rate,the duration of angina attack,the levels of serum lipids such as total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and expression of hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)were selected as outcome indicators for network Meta-analysis and mapped using Stata15.1 software.RESULTS:Totally,26 RCTs were included,involving 2098 participants.There were 6 TCM formulas with the effects of dispelling phlegm and removing blood stasis.Taking conventional Western Medicine as the common intervention measures,the results showed that the overall response improvement rate from high to low was displayed as modified Xiaoxianxiong decoction(小陷胸汤,MXD),Danlou tablet(丹蒌片,DT),modified Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction(瓜蒌薤白半夏汤,MGXBD),modified Wendan decoction(温胆汤,MWD),modified Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi decoction(枳实薤白桂枝汤,MZXGD),and modified Erchen decoction(二陈汤,MED).The sequence of angina attack duration improvement from high to low was MZXGD,MGXBD,DT,MWD,MXD.The sequence of TC improvement from high to low was MZXGD,MED,DT,and MGXBD.Sequence of improving TG from high to low was MED,MZXGD,MGXBD,and DT.For LDL-C improvement,the effect from good to poor was MZXGD,MGXBD,DT,and MED.With regard to HDL-C improvement,the effect was ranked as MED,MZXGD,MGXBD,and DT from good to poor.hs-CRP expression from high to low was MZXGD,MXD,MED,MWD,and MGXBD.CONCLUSION:TCM formula with the effects of dispelling phlegm and removing blood stasis combined with conventional Western Medicine has obvious advantages in treating CHD angina pectoris with interaction of phlegm and blood stasis.MZXGD has great potential in increasing the overall response rate,reducing Duration of angina attack improving blood lipids,and reducing inflammatory factors.However,due to the limitations of extant studies,the conclusions of this study need to be confirmed by numerous reasonably-designed RCTs.

基于“玄府气液”理论治疗慢性难愈性溃疡

慢性难愈性溃疡是“虚”“瘀”两种致病因素相互交织、相互作用的结果,“虚”“瘀”贯穿疾病发展的始终。而“玄府开阖失司,气液代谢失调”是本病迁延难治的病机关键。刘丽芳教授综合运用煨脓生肌、阳和通玄、托里消毒诸法开玄府、调气液,令玄府开阖有司,气液代谢调和,临床疗效满意,附验案一则加以阐明。

李延从脾胃论治冠心病的临床经验

冠心病为临床中常见的心血管疾病,可归属中医学的“胸痹”“心痛”等疾病范畴。李延教授认为本病之病性总属本虚标实之证,以脾虚、脾胃健运失常为本,标实在于痰浊、血瘀、气滞、寒凝等有形实邪痹阻心脉。治疗时重视调理脾胃,重用黄芪、白术、党参、五味子等健脾养心以治本,结合通阳化浊、活血化瘀、疏肝理气、温阳散寒等治法,标本兼治,通补兼顾,使脾气健旺,心气充沛,瘀去痰消,胸阳得以舒展,则心之血脉恢复畅通,胸痹心痛诸症得到缓解。李延教授从脾胃论治冠心病的经验可为中医临床诊治冠心病提供参考。

基于痰瘀互结探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病气道重塑

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)的病理基础是气道的重塑,基于痰瘀相关理论,认为久病肺虚,痰气、瘀血阻塞气道,是慢性阻塞性肺疾病气道重构的基本病机,文章中医学痰瘀互结相关理论对COPD气道重塑病因病机、治疗等方面进行阐述。

基于“三因四证”调整免疫炎症状态的中医药治疗心血管疾病研究述评

动脉粥样硬化是心血管疾病发生发展的重要病理基础,物质代谢异常和免疫炎症反应是其发生发展的重要原因,由此导致的免疫炎症状态贯穿其病理始终。本文以“病”(心力衰竭)为切入点,结合心脉相关理论,总结气、血、水“三因”病机与免疫炎症状态的相关性。心气、心血、心水异常可出现在心力衰竭的不同阶段,持续的免疫炎症状态贯穿心力衰竭始终。同时,岭南地区常年湿热的气候环境因素及人群气虚、阳虚和湿热体质与免疫炎症状态发生密切相关,“积湿生热”及“湿自热生”的湿热相互转化机制使得岭南地区心血管疾病的病机以气虚痰浊夹瘀多见。在此基础上,痰、瘀、湿、热等伏匿机体的多种病理产物在疾病发展过程中累积,久酿而成内生伏毒,由此总结性归纳将痰、瘀、湿、毒“四证”与免疫炎症状态紧密联系。本文用“病—证—治”关联视角探讨中医药防治心血管疾病,融合治未病思想,从理论到应用,从基础到临床,以期为进一步制定和实施中医药诊疗方案提供理论指导。

Study on Correspondence between Prescription and Syndrome and the Essence of Phlegm and Blood Stasis Syndrome in Coronary Heart Disease Based on Metabonomics

Studying the essence of a syndrome has been a key challenge in the field of Chinese medicine.Until now,due to limitations of the methods available,the progress towards understanding such complicated systems has been slow.Metabonomics encompasses the dynamics,composition and analysis of metabolites,enabling the observation of changes in the metabolic network of the human body associated with disease.Being from the point of view of the whole organism,metabonomics provides an opportunity to study the essence of a syndrome to an unprecedented level.Phlegm and blood stasis syndrome is the main syndrome associated with coronary heart disease（CHD）,which bring difficulties in clinical treatment due to difficulties associated with differentiation of symptoms and signs.The fundamental differences of material between the two also need to be interpreted.The authors consider that we can use the method of combining a disease（in this case CHD）with associated syndromes（phlegm and blood stasis syndrome）to select patients with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome of CHD,and utilize metabonomics to explore the essence of the syndrome by difference analysis of metabolite spectra.Meanwhile,we can study the syndrome in CM,observe the change regularity of metabolism spectra after the treatment of corresponding and non-corresponding prescription and syndrome,in order to validate the material fundament in the progress of syndrome formation and their differences.This will not only have great significance in enhancing the ability to identify syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis in CHD and to establish the clinical curative criteria,but will also offer a new approach of studying the essence for a syndrome using metabonomics.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Chinese Medicine Diagnosis Scale of Phlegm and Blood Stasis Syndrome in Coronary Heart Disease: A Study Protocol

Background Phlegm and blood stasis syndrome(PBSS) is one of the main syndromes in coronary heart disease(CHD). Syndromes of Chinese medicine(CM) are lack of quantitative and easyimplementation diagnosis standards. To quantify and standardize the diagnosis of PBSS, scales are usually applied. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CM diagnosis scale of PBSS in CHD. Methods: Six hundred patients with stable angina pectoris of CHD, 300 in case group and 300 in control group, will be recruited from 5 hospitals across China. Diagnosis from 2 experts will be considered as the "gold standard". The study design consists of 2 phases: pilot test is used to evaluate the reliability and validity, and diagnostic test is used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the scale, including sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio and area under the receiver operator characteristic(ROC) curve. Discussion: This study will evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CM diagnosis scale of PBSS in CHD. The consensus of 2 experts may not be ideal as a "gold standard", and itself still requires further study.(No. ChiCTR-OOC-15006599).

基于“结者散之”辨治肺结节痰瘀互结证

肺结节之病机为肺气亏虚,外邪入体,肺之气络、血络先后受邪,气络生痰,血络生瘀,气络之痰与血络之瘀搏结成块,发而为病。从《黄帝内经》“结者散之”理论入手,治以清肺通络、祛痰化瘀为主,佐以疏肝理气,健脾渗湿之法,为肺结节的中医辨证及组方思路提供一定的借鉴与参考。

冠心病痰瘀互结证和气虚血瘀证鉴别诊断的实验室指标筛选

目的对冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)痰瘀互结证和气虚血瘀证患者实验室指标及超声心动图分析,寻找两种证型的差异性指标,为筛选CHD痰瘀互结证和气虚血瘀证的特异性诊断标志物提供参考。方法采集前来辽宁中医药大学附属医院诊治的60例痰瘀互结证和69例气虚血瘀证CHD患者的静脉全血用于外周全血细胞分析计数,血液离心取上清检测凝血7项、心肌酶、生化指标,检测患者的超声心动图,对其结果进行统计分析,筛选差异指标,并分析两证型间差异指标的相关性以及利用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线判断各指标对CHD的诊断效能。结果将两证型CHD患者血液指标及超声心动图的定量指标对比发现,平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(mean corpuscular hemoglobin,MCH)、血清葡萄糖水平(glucose,GLU)、主动脉根部内径(aortic root internal diameter,AAO)、血小板压积(platelet pressure product,PCT)、D-二聚体水平(D-Dimer)在两组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。痰瘀互结证MCH与PCT具有相关性(P<0.05);气虚血瘀证MCH与AAO具有相关性(P<0.05)。AAO、GLU及D-Dimer对CHD的诊断效能较好,AAO联合GLU检测CHD的诊断性能最佳。结论MCH、PCT、D-Dimer、GLU、AAO可作为冠心病痰瘀互结证和气虚血瘀证分型诊断指标,有可能成为CHD辨证的标志物,对于CHD的中医分型具备良好的应用价值。

基于数据挖掘探讨国医大师治疗胸痹心痛痰瘀互结证用药规律及经验

目的:探讨国医大师治疗胸痹心痛痰瘀互结证的用药规律及治疗经验。方法:以题目“胸痹心痛”“胸痹”“心痛”“冠心病”并包含120位国医大师姓名,和/或作者中包含国医大师姓名为检索式,检索中国知网、维普、万方等数据库,整理筛选后纳入胸痹心痛痰瘀互结证相关文献,文献中涉及的处方经中医传承辅助平台V3.0统计分析,总结国医大师的用药规律及其经验。结果:胸痹心痛痰瘀互结证以胸闷、胸痛为主症,伴有气短、乏力、眠差等次症;舌象以舌暗红,苔白腻为主;脉象以脉弦滑和脉细为主;高频药物主要有丹参、川芎、瓜蒌等;药物功效使用频次最多的依次是活血化瘀类、补虚类、理气类、化痰止咳平喘类及清热类等;使用频次最多的3组药对分别为瓜蒌-薤白、丹参-瓜蒌、丹参-党参,3个核心组合中以川芎、丹参、黄芪、郁金、瓜蒌(核心组合2)出现频次最多。结论:国医大师治疗胸痹心痛痰瘀互结证以活血化瘀、补气化痰为主,常用血府逐瘀汤、丹参饮、瓜蒌薤白半夏汤、温胆汤等方剂化裁加减,随证治之。

肺苏颗粒治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期痰热瘀肺证临床研究

目的观察肺苏颗粒治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)痰热瘀肺证的临床疗效及对患者生活质量、凝血功能和免疫功能的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将120例患者分为观察组和对照组各60例。对照组予常规西医治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予肺苏颗粒口服,每次1袋,每日3次,连续7 d。观察2组临床疗效,比较2组治疗前后中医症状评分、圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分、凝血功能指标(纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体)、免疫功能指标(CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)),并观察不良反应。结果观察组总有效率为93.10%(54/58),对照组为79.66%(47/59),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后中医症状积分及咳嗽、喘息、脉络瘀血评分,SGRQ评分均下降(P<0.05);2组治疗后比较,观察组上述评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后血浆纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体含量均下降(P<0.05);2组治疗后比较,观察组血浆纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体含量均低于对照组(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后外周血CD4^(+)和CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均显著升高,CD8^(+)显著降低(P<0.05);2组治疗后比较,观察组外周血CD4^(+)和CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)高于对照组,CD8^(+)低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组均未出现药物相关的不良反应。结论在常规西医治疗基础上联合肺苏颗粒治疗AECOPD痰热瘀肺证可显著提高临床疗效,改善患者生活质量,利于凝血功能恢复,并增强细胞免疫功能。

基于病证结合的冠心病动物模型制备研究进展与思考

冠心病的临床研究和动物实验研究一直是心血管领域的常见病。病证结合动物模型体现了中西医结合的理念,不仅有西医的疾病特点,而且借助中医思维用不同实验方法来表现独特的中医证候特点,是中医药研究冠心病预防和治疗的有效工具。文章对常用冠心病中医证候的动物模型建立方法进行总结,并以冠心病痰瘀互结证动物模型为例提出思考。

不同中成药对痰瘀互结型冠心病患者血脂及微循环状态影响的网状Meta分析

目的基于网状Meta分析方法对不同中成药改善痰瘀互结型冠心病患者血脂及微循环状态的有效性和安全性进行评估。方法检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(Wanfang)、维普中文期刊(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science等数据库自建库至2023年4月3日有关中成药治疗痰瘀互结型冠心病患者血脂及微循环状态的随机对照试验(RCTs),采用Review Manager 5.4和Stata 15.1软件进行文献质量评价及网状Meta分析。结果最终纳入37项RCTs,总样本量4064例,包括15种中成药。网状Meta分析综合结果提示中成药联合西医常规治疗冠心病的疗效优于单纯西医常规治疗,且未见严重不良反应。临床总疗效累积概率排前3位的中成药为冠脉再通膏、瓜蒌皮注射液、祛瘀消斑胶囊;在改善甘油三酯(TG)及低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)方面,排前3位的中成药为瓜蒌皮注射液、护心康片、冠心舒通胶囊;在改善血浆黏度及纤维蛋白原方面,排前3位的中成药为银杏达莫注射液、瓜蒌皮注射液、冠心舒通胶囊;在改善内皮功能[一氧化氮(NO)及内皮素1(ET-1)]方面,排前3位的中成药为银杏达莫注射液、丹蒌片、通脉愈心丸;在降低炎症超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)方面,排前3位的中成药为银杏达莫注射液、护心康片、冠心舒通胶囊。结论当前证据表明,痰瘀同治类中成药联合西医常规治疗冠心病在提高临床疗效、改善血脂及微循环状态方面具有较明显的优势,尤其是能兼顾治疗痰与瘀的中成药优势更明显,如冠脉再通膏、瓜蒌皮注射液,可作为中西医临床指导用药方案之一。但因纳入文献的数量少、质量不高,研究结果仍需要更多高质量、多中心、双盲随机试验加以验证,以提供更可靠的循证医学参考。

基于中医“虚、痰瘀、毒”理论探讨铜稳态失调诱导调节性细胞死亡在肝豆状核变性中的作用

肝豆状核变性(WD)是一种铜代谢障碍的染色体隐性遗传代谢性疾病,其中医核心病机为“虚、痰瘀、毒”。铜稳态失调诱导调节性细胞死亡包括多种生物学途径,在WD的发生、发展中起到了核心作用,也是WD“虚、痰瘀、毒”中医病机的微观体现。本课题组在前期研究基础上,以“补脾益肾治其本,化痰祛瘀,解毒通络治其标”为治则,从铜稳态失调诱导调节性细胞死亡机制出发,进一步探究中医药治疗WD的机制,为中西医结合治疗WD提供新的思路。

基于“气脉常通”论治慢性疲劳综合征

慢性疲劳综合征(CFS)是一种病程缓慢且常伴有多种躯体及精神神经症状的慢性综合性疾病,目前发病率呈上升趋势。本文基于“气脉常通”理论,认为CFS病机以脾肾亏损、气脉虚滞为本,肝肺失调、气脉郁滞为枢,风火侵袭、痰瘀内生为标。治疗应补脾益肾以治其本,根据脾肾亏虚程度及气血阴阳亏虚侧重,选用补中益气汤、归脾汤、升阳益胃汤、苓桂术甘汤、肾气丸等;疏肝理肺以调其枢,肝肺同调,升降并用,根据病位、病性的侧重,选用柴胡疏肝散、逍遥散、四逆散、桂枝汤、生脉散等;疏风清热、化痰活血以治其标,以补虚解郁为主,根据病机侧重不同,选用相应治法加减用药为辅。附验案一则,以作佐证,以期为CFS的中医治疗提供参考。

窠囊理论的慢性肾脏病病机与治疗策略

窠囊理论出自朱震亨所著的《丹溪心法》,是中医痰瘀互结学说的重要内容。慢性肾脏病的发生发展与窠囊痰挟瘀血的病机特点高度契合。从窠囊理论切入,认为脾肾虚衰导致气血津液代谢失常,瘀闭痰结,胶结不解,酿生窠囊,滞于肾络是慢性肾脏病的主要病机。故治疗上强调益肾健脾,正本清源;理气调枢,畅达气机;痰瘀同治,通透窠囊。这为慢性肾脏病的治疗提供了新思路。

冠心病痰瘀互结证中巨噬细胞代谢与免疫作用研究进展

冠心病在中医学中属“胸痹心痛、真心痛”等范畴,脂质代谢紊乱和炎症反应可作为“痰、瘀”的生化表象,贯穿疾病始终。巨噬细胞的能量代谢与其免疫功能密切相关,是调节冠心病代谢紊乱和炎症反应的重要因素。本文综述了巨噬细胞在冠心病病理生理中的角色,讨论了这些代谢途径如何影响巨噬细胞的免疫反应,以及它们如何通过能量代谢途径影响疾病,深入探讨巨噬细胞能量代谢的不同模式,特别是促炎的M1型和抗炎的M2型巨噬细胞在冠心病痰瘀互结证中的代谢特性及其免疫调节功能。为理解冠心病痰瘀互结证的病理机制和开发新的治疗策略提供理论指导。