The Aesthetic Relevance of Iconicity in the Visual Arts

Traditional attempts to define the concept of"art"has frequently meant finding their core characteristics or necessary and jointly sufficient conditions.Especially mimetic and formalist theories have had numerous proponents,arguing for the aesthetic relevance of iconicity or of formal aspects,respectively.In this paper,some basic tenets and problems of these approaches,most notably their essentialist biases,will be discussed.I shall put forward a moderate defense of the aesthetic relevance of mimetic or iconic features in the visual arts.Hereby,also studies from experimental aesthetics will be considered.

Analysis of Iconicity Base on Relevance Theory

Iconicity as one of the very important research items of cognitive linguistics refers to the natural, non-arbitrary rela?tionship between form and meaning. The study of iconicity has great significance of revealing the relationship between concept and cognition and can help people better understand the essence of language. This paper presents an analysis of the three iconicity principles- distance iconicity,quantity iconicity and sequencing iconicity-base on the relevance theory. The purpose of this pa?per is to offer a new dimension to iconicity analysis and finding more connections between the form of language and real mean?ing.

On Iconicity in Chinese

Iconicity principle provides a new framework for linguists to reexamine the relationship between the signifier and the signified.Apart from arbitrariness,iconicity principle also turns out to be true to some extent between form and meaning of linguistic symbols.This paper elaborates the iconicity principle in Chinese—mainly the sequencing iconicity,quantitative iconicity,symmetric iconicity,and asymmetric iconicity.

A Study on the Iconicity of English Language

Throughout the history, arbitrariness put forward by Saussure has been regarded as one of the most designing features of language. Saussure claimed that there is no interrelationship between the signifier and signified, or such relationship can't be testified but conventional. Later, the famous linguists Peirce and Haiman, who have made great contribution to the ever-heated theory of iconicity, reveal another feature of the language. The purpose of this paper is not to deny the arbitrary nature of language, but to suggest that the nature of language is a combination of arbitrariness and iconicity.

A Stylistic Study on William Blake’s Poetry from the Perspective of Metaphorical Iconicity

This study is devoted to the stylistic analysis of William Blake’s poetry from the perspective of metaphorical iconicity to achieve the aesthetic value and literary connotation of poetry,and eventually the author and readers can obtain a much better appreciation towards poetry from a new angle and it will definitely enrich the study fruits of poetry.

A Cognitive Study Based on Iconicity of Dispelling Lexical Fossilization of Chinese College Students

Fossilization is complex,repeated and durative,it appears in various aspects of Interlanguage like phonetics,syntax and semantics.College English vocabulary learning stage is an obvious period of lexical fossilization.This paper mainly uses qualitative research method to analyze dispelling lexical fossilization of Chinese college students based on iconicity of Langacker’s grammar,with the purpose of improving the“quantity”and“quality”of English vocabulary of Chinese college students and offering some pedagogical proposals to improve English vocabulary teaching effect of college students.

Diagrammatic Iconicity in EkeGusii: A relation between the structure of form and meaning

This paper mainly presents evidence for a relationship between language structure and meaning in EkeGusii,a Bantu language spoken in Kenya.The main argument is that the structure of language mirrors the structure of reality.A brief overview of other scholars demonstrates that diagrammatic iconicity shows universal tendencies.Five main ideas run down the discussion.Firstly,in EkeGusii,speakers sub-consciously cluster sounds around related meanings,evidencing gestalt and relative iconicity.Secondly,there is evidence of overlap of morphological and phonetic iconicity,an aspect of phonaesthesia.Thirdly,reduplication in certain infinitives demonstrates the reality of phono-iconicity in EkeGusii,augmented by unpleasant sound sequences.Fourthly,certain onomatopes in EkeGusii are actually diagrammatic,indicating that there is no one stop criterion for classifying overlapping types of icons.And finally,the paper posits that iconicity intersects with arbitrariness showing that language has both motivated and discrete symbols.

The Enlightenment of Iconicity to English Vocabulary Teaching

Iconicity has been a complement and challenge to Saussure’s language arbitrariness.So far,scholars have done numer⁃ous researches in the fields of discourse analysis,syntactic explanation by resorting to iconicity.Though some scholars have set foot on English vocabulary teaching from the perspective of iconicity,their viewpoints still remain to be polished and refined.This the⁃sis will indicate some errors existing in vocabulary teaching and introduce iconicity theories,the inspiration of which becomes an alternative approach in vocabulary teaching.

正畸后釉质脱矿染色模型用ICON渗透树脂处理的效果研究

目的探讨正畸后釉质脱矿染色模型用ICON渗透树脂处理对牙面颜色的影响。方法收集2022年2月—2023年2月赤峰学院附属医院口腔颌面外科门诊因正畸治疗拔除的前磨牙100颗,根据处理方法的不同将其分为3组,分别为酸蚀粘接托槽后脱矿着色后去除托槽及牙齿表面的粘结剂后置于人工唾液中的A组(40颗牙)、酸蚀粘接托槽后脱矿着色后去除托槽及牙齿表面的粘结剂后使用ICON渗透树脂处理的B组(40颗牙)和直接置于人工唾液中的C组(20颗牙),比较3组处理前、粘接托槽脱后和ICON处理后牙齿变化。结果A组、B组、C组的ΔE*分别为(3.53±0.53)、(2.48±0.63)、(1.65±0.19),三者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。再处理后3组牙釉质硬度值大小为:C组>B组>A组,组间对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。处理后3组间表面粗糙度值大小:A组>B组>C组,组间对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论固定矫治中酸蚀处理、粘结剂及金属托槽均会对牙面颜色产生影响。ICON渗透树脂对牙釉质脱矿有较好的修复效果,可明显改善患者牙齿颜色,有利于提高牙齿美观度硬度。

象似性手势和指示性手势对自闭症儿童动作相关词汇学习的影响

本研究考察了自闭症儿童在象似性手势、指示性手势和无手势条件下的动作相关词汇的学习情况。选取三组语言水平匹配的高功能自闭症儿童,分别在象似性手势、指示性手势和无手势条件下进行动作相关词汇的学习。在第一次学习结束(T1)和最后一次学习结束2~3天后(T2)分别进行词汇理解和词汇命名测试。结果发现:(1)与其他手势类型相比,象似性手势对自闭症儿童的词汇理解有明显的促进作用;(2)无论哪个组别,学习次数的增加均有助于词汇学习成绩的提高;(3)对词汇命名,所有组别在短期学习条件下的表现都较差,但随着学习次数的增加,象似性手势对词汇命名的促进作用逐渐凸显。研究表明,象似性手势对自闭症儿童动作相关词汇的学习有一定的促进作用;命名任务下象似性手势的促进作用受到学习次数的调节,当学习次数足够多时,象似性手势的优势才得以体现;指示性手势对自闭症儿童动作相关词汇的学习并未表现出促进作用。

汉语高功能自闭症儿童词汇语义加工中的空间象似效应——兼与图片知觉加工的比较

研究考察了5~7岁汉语高功能自闭症儿童词汇语义加工中空间经验的激活情况。实验选取了隐含典型方位特征的物体,要求儿童将写有物体名称的词卡和画有物体图形的图卡放置在垂直空间的上方或下方。结果显示,在摆放词卡时,正常发展儿童表现出空间象似效应,倾向于将词卡放在与隐含方位信息一致的位置,而高功能自闭症儿童则随机放置词卡;在摆放图卡时,虽然两组儿童的表现均好于摆放词卡,但是高功能自闭症儿童表现出的空间象似效应仍差于正常发展儿童。研究结果表明高功能自闭症儿童在符号加工和知觉加工中利用空间经验的能力均存在缺陷。

荀子不是任意说的中国总代表——基于体认语言学的思考

语言具有像似性还是任意性,这一争论由来已久。随着认知语言学和体认语言学的流行,学界现已普遍接受像似性的观点。在索绪尔结构主义语言学中的任意说传入我国后,学界有人寻找我国先哲以作呼应,如将荀子在《正名篇》中所言“名无固宜……”引为佐证,误把他视为索氏任意说的中国总代表。经过多年的研读和思考,我们发现这是一个严重的误读,荀子在这篇文章中阐发的论点其实是当今体认语言学所提出的体认观和像似性之先声。本文从5个方面批评了学界所谓“荀子是任意说的中国总代表”的观点,以期为荀子正名,倡导“我思故我云”之研究风尚。

流水句形成的顺序象似性句法机制

文章基于语言顺序象似性的基本原则,从语言类型学的视角通过实例语料的分析,发现汉语句子中的定语、状语等修饰语在遵循顺序象似性原则的情形下,可自由不加标记地转换成并列小句,从修饰语位置提升为与主句并列的述谓结构,这是汉语流水句形成的主要内在机制与形式手段。

我国反垄断立法执法及其溢出性制度类化——基于标志事件和立法规范视角的思考

垄断是一种市场秩序失范、行为失范、利益失范行为。我国反垄断立法起步不早但发展较快,反垄断具有鲜明法治属性,但也存在明显不足。重大标志性事件形成了反垄断发展的重要动力机制,发挥了综合价值功能,凸显了鲜明实践特点,也折射了突出现实问题。类化思考《反垄断法》修订形成的溢出性新制度,有利于强化立法导向、推进企业合规和提升执法水平。

苏轼诗词书法作品接受中的语图关系变化

欣赏诗词书法作品可以欣赏书法艺术,也可以识读诗词内容,接受过程中表现出语图关系的变化。大多数接受者对苏轼诗词书法作品的欣赏分为三个过程:首先被书法书像所吸引,进入图像欣赏中,沉醉于视觉效果;其次对所书诗词内容进行识读,了解所写诗词的内容;再次将两者放在一起去欣赏,书法与诗歌在迭代中达到更高的融合,欣赏者获得双重的审美享受。

基于Transformer的矿井内因火灾时间序列预测方法

传统的基于机器学习的矿井内因火灾预测方法尽管具备一定的预测能力,然而在处理复杂的多变量数据时不能有效捕捉数据间的全局依赖关系,导致预测精度较低。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于Transformer的矿井内因火灾时间序列预测方法。首先,采用Hampel滤波器和拉格朗日插值法对数据进行异常值检测和缺失值填补。然后,利用Transformer的自注意力机制对时间序列数据进行特征提取及趋势预测。最后,通过调节滑动窗口的大小与步长,在不同的时间步长和预测长度下对模型进行不同时间维度的训练。结合气体分析法将矿井火灾产生的标志性气体(CO,O_(2),N_(2),CO_(2),C_(2)H_(2),C_(2)H4,C_(2)H_(6))作为模型输入变量,其中CO作为模型输出的目标变量,O_(2),N_(2),CO_(2),C_(2)H_(2),C_(2)H4,C_(2)H_(6)作为模型输入的协变量。选取陕煤集团柠条塔煤矿S1206回风隅角火灾预警的束管数据进行实验验证,结果表明:①对CO进行单变量预测和多变量预测,多变量预测相比单变量预测有着更高的预测精度,说明多变量预测能通过捕捉序列间的相关性提高模型的预测精度。②当时间步长固定时,基于Transformer的矿井内因火灾预测模型的预测精度随着预测长度的增加而下降。当预测长度固定时,模型的预测精度随时间步长增加而提高。③Transformer算法的预测精度较长短时记忆(LSTM)算法和循环神经网络(RNN)算法分别提高了7.1%~12.6%和20.9%~24.9%。

应用ICON指数和PAR指数对隐形矫治系统疗效的评价

目的:应用PAR指数及ICON指数对隐形矫治系统的临床应用情况进行综合评价。方法:选用完全经过隐形矫治系统治疗且资料完整的病例39例分别进行ICON及PAR指数记分,然后用统计学方法进行分析。结果:PAR指数及ICON指数在评价隐形矫治治疗结果及改善程度上具有很高的相关性,经过隐形矫治治疗的患者指数评价结果显示大都得到一定程度的改善。结论:PAR指数及ICON指数用于评价隐形矫治系统方便、客观;对于一些简单病例隐形矫治可以达到很好的治疗效果。