Phosphatase and tensin homology deleted in chromosome 10,hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha gene expression in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma and their relation to vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression

To examine phosphatase and tensin homology deleted in chromosome 10 (PTEN),hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) gene expressions and their relation to vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) protein expression in the patients with human colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas.Methods The expression of PTEN,HIF-1 alpha gene was detected by using in situ hybridization,and the VEGF expression levels by immunohistochemistry in colorectal adenomas and primary colorectal adenocarcinoma.Results Strong expression of HIF-1 alpha was detectable in the majority of colorectal dadenocarcinoma,particularly surrounding areas of necrosis in adenocarcinoma.PTEN,HIF-1 alpha mRNA and VEGF protein were positive in 51.6%,67.7% and 59.7% respectively in 62 cases of adenocarcinomas,and 77.8%,44.4% and 33.3% respectively in 18 cases of adenomas.The positive rate of VEGF was higher in the patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas than that in those with adenomas,whereas that of PTEN mRNA was contrary.HIF-1 mRNA expression was correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis,liver metastasis,Duke’s stage and recurrence.During colorectal tumor progression,the expression of HIF-1 alpha mRNA was positively correlated with the VEGF protein expression (χ2= 4.751 ,P<0.05),but negatively with the PTEN mRNA expression(χ2=21.84,P<0.01).Conclusion The absence or low expression of PTEN and the increased levels of HIF-1α and VEGF may paly an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal carcinoma.These results suggest that VEGF upregulated by HIF-1 alpha gene may be involved in angiogenesis of colorectal adenocarcinoma.4 refs,1 tab.

Nerve growth factor pretreatment against glutamate-induced hippocampal neuronal injury Action mechanism of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10

BACKGROUND： Nerve growth factor （NGF） attenuates glutamate-induced injury to hippocampal neurons, and the human tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 （PTEN） promotes neuronal apoptosis. However, effects of PTEN in NGF-mediated neuroprotection against glutamate excitotoxicity remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the relationship between NGF inhibition of glutamate-induced injury and PTEN. DESIGN, TIME AND SE＇I＇rlNG： The randomized, controlled, in vitro study was performed at the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Nantong University, China from October 2007 to March 2008. MATERIALS： Glutamate, NGF, 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenyl-indolediacetate, 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]- 2, 5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide （M-I-F）, and lactate dehydrogenase kit （Sigma, USA）, fluorescence microscope and inverted phase contrast microscope （Olympus, Japan） were used in this study. METHODS： Hippocampal neurons were obtained from newborn （〈 24 hours） Sprague Dawley rats and cultured for 7 days. The control group was not treated with any intervention factor, the glutamate group was treated with glutamate （0.2 mmol/L）, and NGF groups were treated with NGF （10, 50, 100, and 200 μg/L, respectively） prior to glutamate treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays were applied to evaluate viability of hippocampal neurons. Morphological changes in hippocampal neurons were observed using an inverted phase-contrast microscope, and neuronal apoptosis was detected by 4, 6-diamidino-2- phenyl-indolediacetate staining. PTEN mRNA and protein expression were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS： Glutamate （0.2 mmol/L） induced significantly decreased neuronal viability and greater lactate dehydrogenase efflux compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01）. However, compared with the glutamate group, cell viability significantly increased and lactate dehydrogenase efflux decreased in the NGF group with increasing NGF concentrations （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. The apoptotic ratio and PTEN mRNA and protein expression decreased in the NGF group compared with the glutamate group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Pretreatment with NGF exerted neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced injury, partially through inhibition of PTEN expression and neuronal apoptosis.

Effects and mechanism of adenovirus-mediated phosphatase and tension homologue deleted on chromosome ten gene on collagen deposition in rat liver fibrosis

AIM To evaluate the effects of phosphatase and tension homologue deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN) gene on collagen metabolism in hepatic fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS rat primary hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) and human LX-2 cells were transfected with adenovirus containing c DNA constructs encoding wild-type PTEN(Ad-PTEN), PTEN mutant G129 E gene(Ad-G129E), and r NA interference constructs targeting the PTEN sequence PTEN short hairpin r NA to up-regulate and downregulate the expression of PTEN. HSCs were assayed using fluorescent microscopy, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. Moreover, a CCl_4-induced rat hepatic fibrosis model was established to investigate the in vivo effects. Hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson's trichrome were used to assess the histological changes. The expression of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ was assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis.RESULTS Elevated expression of PTEN gene reduced serum levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, decreased collagen deposition in the liver, and reduced hepatocyte necrosis. In contrast, knockdown of PTEN expression had an opposite effect, such as increased collagen deposition in the liver, and was molecularly characterized by the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-13(P < 0.01) and MMP-2(P < 0.01), as well as decreased expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-1(P < 0.01) and TIMP-2(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION These data indicated that gene therapy using recombinant adenovirus encoding PTEN might be a novel way of treating hepatic fibrosis.

Rapid construction of phosphatase and tensin homolog-deleted on chromosome ten gene recombinant adenovirus using the AdEasy system

Recent studies have shown that phosphatase and tensin homolog-deleted on chromosome ten （PTEN） gene plays an important role in ischemic brain damage and synaptic plasticity. The AdEasy system, which has been widely used, greatly simplifies preparation of recombinant adenovirus. Therefore, recombinant defective adenovirus vector carrying human PTEN tumor suppressor gene （Ad-PTEN） was constructed using the AdEasy-1 system and was transfected into HEK293 cells for packaging and amplification. Infection efficiency and expression intensity were observed in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons infected with Ad-PTEN in vitro. Results revealed a cytopathic effect in green fluorescent protein expression, which increased with prolonged time. After three cycles of amplification, the adenovirus titer was increased to an adequate titer for infecting hippocampal neurons. The entire process typically requires 4-5 weeks for completion. Results suggested that recombinant defective adenovirus vector carrying the PTEN gene was successfully and rapidly constructed using the AdEasy system.

Hepatoprotective effects of Xiaoyao San formula on hepatic steatosis and inflammation via regulating the sex hormones metabolism

BACKGROUND The modified Xiaoyao San(MXS)formula is an adjuvant drug recommended by the National Health Commission of China for the treatment of liver cancer,which has the effect of preventing postoperative recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma and prolonging patient survival.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying that remain unclear.AIM To investigate the role and mechanisms of MXS in ameliorating hepatic injury,steatosis and inflammation.METHODS A choline-deficient/high-fat diet-induced rat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)model was used to examine the effects of MXS on lipid accumulation in primary hepatocytes.Liver tissues were collected for western blotting and immunohisto chemistry(IHC)assays.Lipid accumulation and hepatic fibrosis were detected using oil red staining and Sirius red staining.The serum samples were collected for biochemical assays and NMR-based metabonomics analysis.The inflammation/lipid metabolism-related signaling and regulators in liver tissues were also detected to reveal the molecular mechanisms of MXS against NASH.RESULTS MXS showed a significant decrease in lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in hepatocytes under metabolic stress.The western blotting and IHC results indicated that MXS activated AMPK pathway but inhibited the expression of key regulators related to lipid accumulation,inflammation and hepatic fibrosis in the pathogenesis of NASH.The metabonomics analysis systemically indicated that the arachidonic acid metabolism and steroid hormone synthesis are the two main target metabolic pathways for MXS to ameliorate liver inflammation and hepatic steatosis.Mechanistically,we found that MXS protected against NASH by attenuating the sex hormone-related metabolism,especially the metabolism of male hormones.CONCLUSION MXS ameliorates inflammation and hepatic steatosis of NASH by inhibiting the metabolism of male hormones.Targeting male hormone related metabolic pathways may be the potential therapeutic approach for NASH.

PTEN and Ki67 expression is associated with clinicopathologic features of non-small cell lung cancer

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10（PTEN） and the proliferating antigen Ki67 have been widely studied in several tumors.However,their role as indicator in non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）remains unknown.Here,we investigated the expression of PTEN and Ki67 in NSCLC tissues and paired normal lung tissues to identify whether these proteins are associated with lung cancer development and survival.Immunohistochemistry for PTEN and Ki67 was performed on 67 lung cancer tissues and 41 paired adjacent normal lung tissues to detect the expression of these two proteins.The expression of PTEN in NSCLC tissues（32.8%） was significantly lower than that in normal tissues（82.9%,P 〈 0.05）.In contrast,the expression of Ki67 in NSCLC tissues（76.1%） was significantly higher than that in normal tissues（27.3%,P 〈 0.05）.Expression of both PTEN and Ki67 were strongly associated with tumor histology,clinical stage,lymph node metastasis,differentiation and4-year postoperative survival rate（P 〈 0.05）.However,PTEN expression was negatively correlated with Ki67 expression（r =-0.279,P 〈 0.05）.In conclusion,low PTEN expression and Ki67 overexpression are associated with malignant invasion and lymph node metastasis of NSCLC.These proteins may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of NSCLC.

Upregulated DJ-1 Promotes Renal Tubular EMT by Suppressing Cytoplasmic PTEN Expression and Akt Activation

Recently,phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10（PTEN） is suggested as a new agent in the fighting against fibrogenesis.In tumor,DJ-1 is identified as a negative regulator of PTEN.But the expression of DJ-1 and the regulation of PTEN in fibrosis are unclear.Renal fibrosis was induced in 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy rat model.Human proximal tubular epithelial cells（HKC） were treated with transforming growth factor-beta 1（TGF-β1）,or transfected with DJ-1 or PTEN.Confocal microscope was used to investigate the localization of DJ-1 and PTEN.The selective phosphoinositide-3 kinase（PI3K） inhibitor,LY294002,was administered to inhibit PI3K pathway.The DJ-1 and PTEN expression,markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT） and Akt phosphorylation were measured by RT-PCR,Western blotting or immunocytochemistry.In vitro,after HKC cells were stimulated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 72 h,the expression of DJ-1 was increased,and that of PTEN was decreased.In vivo,the same results were identified in 5/6-nephrectomized rats.In normal HKC cells,most of DJ-1 protein localized in cytoplasm,and little in nucleus.TGF-β1 upregulated DJ-1 expression in both cytoplasma and nuclei.In contrary,TGF-β1 emptied cytoplasmic PTEN protein into nucleus.Overexpression of DJ-1 decreased the expression of PTEN,promoted the activation of Akt and the expression of vimentin,and also led to the loss of cytoplasmic PTEN.Contrarily,overexpression of PTEN protected HKC cells from TGF-β1-induced EMT.In conclusion,DJ-1 is upregulated in renal fibrosis and DJ-1 mediates EMT by suppressing cytoplasmic PTEN expression and Akt activation.

MiR-106b-5p Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-induced Apoptosis by Targeting Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome 10 in Vascular Endothelial Cells

Background： Apoptosis of endothelial cells （ECs） plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis and there are also evidence indicated that phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 （PTEN） is a viable target in therapeutic approaches to prevent vascular ECs apoptosis. Aberrant miR-106b-5p expression has been reported in the plasma of patients with unstable atherosclerotic plaques. However, the role and underlying mechanism of miR-106-5p in the genesis of atherosclerosis have not been addressed. In this study, we explored the anti-apoptotic role of miR-106-5p by regulating PTEN expression in vascular ECs. Methods： Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was performed to detect the expression levels of miR-106b-5p in human atherosclerotic plaques and normal vascular tissues. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVEC） were transfected with miR-106b-5p mimic or negative control mimic, and apoptosis was induced by serum starvation and tumor necrosis factor-α （TN F-α） treat. Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR experiments were used to detect PTEN expression levels and TN F-α-induced apoptosis was evaluated by the activation of caspase-3 and cell DNA fragmentation levels in HUVEC. Results： The expression ofmiR-106b-5p was significantly downregulated in plaques than in normal vascular tissues. TNF-α significantly downregulated miR-106b-5p expression levels and upregulated activation of caspase-3 and cell DNA fragmentation levels in HUVEC. Overexpression ofmiR-106b-5p with miR-106b-5p mimic inhibited PTEN expression and TNF-α-induced apoptosis in HUVEC. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-106b-5p binds to PTEN mRNA 3＇ untranslated region site, Conclusion： MiR-106b-5p could inhibit the expression of PTEN in vascular ECs, which could block TNF-α-induced activation of caspase-3, thus prevent ECs apoptosis in atherosclerosis diseases.

伴微量白蛋白尿2型糖尿病患者血清脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白和4和第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶张力蛋白同源物蛋白的研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴微量白蛋白尿患者血清脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP4)和第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物(PTEN)蛋白表达水平变化及两者在糖尿病肾病(DN)发生过程中的相互关系。方法收集T2DM患者120例,据尿白蛋白肌酐比值(UACR)进行分组,其中正常白蛋白尿组(D0)39例,微量白蛋白尿组(D1)81例。同时收集39例正常对照组(NC)。采用ELI-SA法检测受试者外周血清FABP4和PTEN蛋白表达的水平。结果 T2DM组血清FABP4和PTEN蛋白水平均显著高于正常对照组(P <0.001)。D1组血清FABP4和PTEN蛋白水平显著高于NC组及D0组(均P <0.05)。T2DM患者中,Log(FABP4)与PTEN蛋白(r=0.524,P <0.001)、Log(UACR)(r=0.202,P <0.05)均呈正相关。二分类Logistic回归分析显示,血清FABP4水平与T2DM患者尿微量白蛋白的出现独立相关(OR=1.147,95%CI∶1.042～1.263,P=0.005)。结论血清FABP4水平也许可作为DN患者的早期预测指标。FABP4和PTEN蛋白可能在DN的发生中存在着相互联系。

与细胞骨架同源10号染色体有缺陷的磷酸酯酶和磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶在大鼠心肌肥厚中的表达

目的：研究异丙肾上腺素致大鼠心肌肥厚与细胞骨架同源10号染色体有缺陷的磷酸酯酶（PTEN）和磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶（P13K）在心肌组织中的表达，为探讨心肌肥厚的信号转导机制和逆转心肌肥厚提供形态学资料。方法：健康成年SD大鼠皮下注射异丙肾上腺素，造成心肌肥厚模型；取心肌组织，常规石蜡切片，H—E染色，观察心肌组织的病理变化；免疫组织化学显色和免疫荧光显色，检测PTEN和p-P13K的表达及分布。利用图像分析软件对PTEN和p-P13K的表达结果进行定量分析。结果：与对照组相比，实验组PTEN和p-P13K的阳性表达增高。结论：PTEN和p-P13K蛋白表达增高可能在心肌肥厚的发生和发展过程中发挥重要作用。

阿托伐他汀对人CD4+T淋巴细胞张力蛋白同源第10染色体丢失的磷酸酶基因表达的影响

目的研究阿托伐他汀在体外对人CD4+T淋巴细胞张力蛋白同源第10染色体丢失的磷酸酶基因(PTEN)表达的影响。方法取25例健康志愿者的新鲜外周血,免疫磁珠分选出CD4+T淋巴细胞,随机分为空白组、植物血凝素(PHA)刺激组、PHA+1μmol/L阿托伐他汀组、PHA+5μmol/L阿托伐他汀组,PHA+10μmol/L阿托伐他汀组,体外培养48 h后收集各组细胞及培养基上清液,荧光定量PCR检测PTEN mRNA表达水平,Western blot检测PTEN蛋白表达,ELISA检测培养基上清液肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)及白细胞介素10(IL-10)浓度。结果与空白组比较,PHA刺激后,CD4+T淋巴细胞PTEN mRNA、蛋白的表达及上清液TNF-α、IL-6浓度均升高(P<0.05),而IL-10浓度升高无统计学差异(P>0.05)。与PHA刺激组比较,PHA+5μmol/L阿托伐他汀组、PHA+10μmol/L阿托伐他汀组CD4+T淋巴细胞PTEN mRNA、蛋白的表达和上清液IL-10浓度增加(P<0.05),而PHA+1μmol/L阿托伐他汀组具有增高趋势(P>0.05),并随着阿托伐他汀药物浓度的增加而增加;各组上清液TNF-α、IL-6浓度降低,PHA+5μmol/L阿托伐他汀组、PHA+10μmol/L阿托伐他汀组具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。直线相关性分析显示,TNF-α、IL-6的分泌水平与PTEN的表达量呈明显的负相关关系(r=-0.837和r=-0.816,P<0.01),IL-10的分泌水平与PTEN的表达量呈明显的正相关关系(r=0.753,P<0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀能够通过调控人CD4+T淋巴细胞PTEN表达发挥抗炎作用。

胃肠间质瘤组织中第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶张力蛋白同源物基因蛋白和磷酸化蛋白激酶B蛋白的表达及其对患者预后的影响

目的探讨胃肠间质瘤组织中第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶张力蛋白同源物基因(PTEN)、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-PKB,又称p-Akt)表达水平以及其对患者预后的影响。方法选取行手术治疗的胃肠间质瘤患者116例为研究组,选取116例相对应的瘤旁正常胃肠道组织作为对照组。采用免疫组织化学法测定2组PTEN、p-Akt的表达水平;分析PTEN、p-Akt表达水平与胃肠间质瘤临床病理特征的关系;分析PTEN、p-Akt表达水平与胃肠间质瘤患者无复发生存状况的关系;探讨影响胃肠间质瘤患者预后的因素。结果PTEN在研究组中的阳性表达率低于对照组,而p-Akt在对照组中的阳性表达率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PTEN的低表达、p-Akt的高表达与胃肠间质瘤组织的核分裂象、危险度分级、浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。PTEN阳性胃肠间质瘤患者平均无复发生存时间长于PTEN阴性胃肠间质瘤患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);p-Akt阴性胃肠间质瘤患者平均无复发生存时间长于p-Akt阳性胃肠间质瘤患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病理性核分裂象、浸润深度、PTEN阴性表达、p-Akt阳性表达是影响胃肠间质瘤患者预后的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论胃肠间质瘤组织中PTEN、p-Akt的表达情况与患者预后关系密切,可为评估患者预后提供参考。

脓毒症中第10染色体丢失的磷酸酶基因在内皮细胞中表达的研究

目的研究在脓毒症中第10染色体丢失的磷酸酶基因(PTEN)在内皮细胞中的表达情况。方法 20只雄性SD大鼠随机分为2组,盲肠结扎穿孔组(CLP组)和对照组;48 h后取血液和肺组织样本。用血浆作用于体外培养的脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC),并应用免疫组织化学方法检测PTEN的表达状况;用West-ern-blot的方法检测脐静脉内皮细胞中PTEN蛋白的表达。结果在CLP组脐静脉内皮细胞中PTEN的表达明显增高;CLP组PTEN的表达为(0.513±0.02),对照组PTEN的表达为(0.162±0.025)。CLP组与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论脓毒症中PTEN基因在HUVEC中表达增高,提示PTEN在脓毒症内皮细胞损伤中发挥了一定的作用。

人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源基因敲除促进小鼠动脉血管钙化的机制研究

目的研究人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源基因(phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10,PTEN)在小鼠动脉血管钙化形成过程中的作用。方法 1构建血管特异性PTEN敲除小鼠(PTEN△/△),对照组小鼠为PTENf/f;2免疫组化检测Apo E全敲除小鼠钙化血管中PTEN的表达水平;3体外通过钙化培养基诱导血管钙化;4Alizarin Red染色和Von Kossa染色评估PTEN敲除后小鼠血管钙化程度;5实时荧光定量PCR检测血管钙化标志物Runx2、骨钙蛋白和BMP2的表达水平。结果 1与普通饮食组相比,高脂饮食诱导的Apo E基因敲除小鼠血管钙化明显,而钙化后的血管中PTEN的表达水平显著下降(P<0.01);2经体外诱导后,PTEN△/△小鼠血管明显钙化,而PTENf/f小鼠血管几乎无钙化;3与PTENf/f组相比,PTEN△/△小鼠血管钙化标志物Runx2、骨钙蛋白和BMP2的表达均明显升高(P<0.05)。结论血管特异性PTEN基因敲除促进小鼠血管钙化的形成。

子宫内膜异位症患者血清微小RNA-92a相对表达水平、人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源的基因表达水平与预后的相关性

目的探讨子宫内膜异位症患者血清微小RNA-92a(miRNA-92a)相对表达水平、人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源的基因(PTEN)表达水平与预后的关系。方法选取200例行腹腔镜手术的子宫内膜异位症患者为研究组,120例行腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术的患者为对照组。采用荧光定量PCR技术检测两组患者血清miRNA-92a相对表达水平和PTEN水平,采用Pearson法分析研究组患者血清miRNA-92a相对表达水平与PTEN水平的相关性。术后随访3个月,根据子宫内膜异位症患者复发情况分为复发组和未复发组,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测两组患者血清雌二醇、孕酮、促卵泡激素(FSH)水平,比较两组患者血清miRNA-92a相对表达水平及PTEN、雌二醇、孕酮、FSH水平,采用Pearson法分析复发组患者血清miRNA-92a相对表达水平、PTEN水平与内分泌指标的相关性,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清miRNA-92a相对表达水平、PTEN水平及二者联合检测预测子宫内膜异位症复发的价值。结果研究组患者血清miRNA-92a相对表达水平高于对照组,PTEN水平低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组患者血清miRNA-92a的相对表达水平与PTEN水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。复发组患者血清miRNA-92a相对表达水平、雌二醇、孕酮、FSH水平均高于未复发组,PTEN水平低于未复发组(P<0.05)。Pearson分析结果显示,复发组患者血清miRNA-92a的相对表达水平与雌二醇、孕酮、FSH水平均呈正相关(均P<0.05),PTEN水平与雌二醇、孕酮、FSH水平均呈负相关(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清miRNA-92a相对表达水平、PTEN水平预测子宫内膜异位症复发的曲线下面积分别为0.831(95%CI:0.785,0.870;P=0.025)、0.867(95%CI:0.824,0.902;P=0.024),最佳截断值分别为1.77 ng/mL、0.80 ng/mL,对应的灵敏度分别为85.00%、91.00%,特异度分别为77.50%、73.33%;二者联合检测的曲线下面积为0.965(95%CI:0.932,0.987;P=0.007),灵敏度和特异度分别为92.00%、90.71%。血清miRNA-92a相对表达水平、PTEN水平联合检测预测子宫内膜异位症复发的曲线下面积高于二者单独检测(P<0.05)。结论子宫内膜异位症患者血清miRNA-92a呈高表达,PTEN呈低表达,二者与患者内分泌指标水平相关,且对子宫内膜异位症复发均有一定的预测价值,可能共同影响子宫内膜异位症患者病情发展及预后。

Anti-miRNA-221 sensitizes human colorectal carcinoma cells to radiation by upregulating PTEN

AIM:To investigate the regulative effect of miRNA(miR)-221 on colorectal carcinoma(CRC)cell radiosensitivity and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS:A human CRC-derived cell line was cultured conventionally and exposed to different doses of X-rays(0,2,4,6 and 8 Gy).The total RNA and protein of the cells were extracted 24 h after irradiation,and the alteration of miR-221 and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10(PTEN)gene mRNA expression was detected by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The protein alteration of PTEN in the cells was detected by Western blotting.Caco2 cells were pretreated with or without anti-PTEN-siRNA prior to the addition of premiR-221 or anti-miR-221 using Lipofectamine 2000.Colony formation assay and flow cytometry analysis were used to measure the surviving cell fraction and the sensitizing enhancement ratio after irradiation.Ad-ditionally,PTEN 3′-untranslated region fragment was PCR amplified and inserted into a luciferase reporter plasmid.The luciferase reporter plasmid construct was then transfected into CRC cells together with premiR-221 or anti-miR-221,and the luciferase activity in the transfected cells was detected.RESULTS:The X-ray radiation dose had a significant effect on the expression of miR-221 and PTEN protein in human Caco2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.The miR-221 expression level improved gradually with the increase in irradiation dose,while the PTEN protein expression level reduced gradually.miR-221 expression was significantly reduced in the anti-miR-221 group compared with the pre-miR-221 and negative control groups(P<0.01).Anti-miR-221 upregulated expression of PTEN protein and enhanced the radiosensitivity of Caco2 cells(P<0.01).Moreover,the inhibitory effect was dramatically abolished by pretreatment with anti-PTEN-siRNA,suggesting that the enhancement of radiosensitivity was indeed mediated by PTEN.A significant increase of luciferase activity was detected in CRC cells that were cotransfected with the luciferase reporter plasmid construct and anti-miR-221(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Anti-miR-221 can enhance the radiosensitivity of CRC cells by upregulating PTEN.

联合PTEN、Gleason评分与PSA在预测前列腺癌进展中的价值

目的研究第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物基因(PTEN)、Gleason评分、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)在预测前列腺癌进展中的价值。方法应用S-P法测定29例前列腺癌(Pca)与20例前列腺增生(BPH)组织切片中PTEN蛋白的表达,回顾性研究上述Pca、BPH患者Gleason评分及PSA资料。结果BPH与Pca两组中PTEN总体表达有差异性(P<0.05),两组PSA值总体差异性显著(P<0.05)。PTEN与临床资料关系中,术前PSA<4ng/ml与>10ng/ml两组间PTEN表达有差异(P<0.05),余无差异性。Gleason评分2～4分与5～7分两组PTEN表达无差异(P>0.05),两组与8～10分组PTEN表达比较差异均有显著性(P<0.01);高分化与低分化组PTEN表达有显著差异(P<0.01);临床A、B期与C、D期PTEN表达差异性显著(P<0.01)。结论联合PTEN、Gleason评分及PSA对诊断并预测Pca进展有一定的临床意义。

MiR-200a and miR-200b target PTEN to regulate the endometrial cancer cell growth in vitro

Objective:To study whether miR-200a and miR-200b target PTEN gene expression to regulate the endometrial cancer cell growth in vitro. Methods:Endometrial cancer cells ECC-1 were cultured and transfected with the miR-200a and miR-200b mimics and inhibitors as well as the negative control mimics and inhibitors,and then the cell proliferation activity as well as the expression of PTEN and downstream genes in cells was determined; after transfection of miR-200a and miR-200b mimics as well as PTEN-3'UTR luciferase report gene plasmids,the fluorescence activity of luciferase reporter gene was determined. Results:12 h,24 h and 48 h after transfection,the cell proliferation activity of miR-200a mimics group and miR-200b mimics group were significantly higher than those of NC mimics group while the cell proliferation activity of mi R-200 a inhibitor group and miR-200b inhibitor group were significantly lower than those of NC inhibitor group; 48 h after transfection,PTEN expression in cells and PTEN-3'UTR luciferase reporter gene fluorescence activity of miR-200 a mimics group and miR-200b mimics group were significantly lower than those of NC mimics group while p-PI3K and p-Akt expression were significantly higher than those of NC mimics group; PTEN expression in cells and PTEN-3'UTR luciferase reporter gene fluorescence activity of miR-200 inhibitor group and miR-200b inhibitor group were significantly higher than those of NC inhibitor group while p-PI3K and p-Akt expression were significantly lower than those of NC inhibitor group. Conclusion:miR-200 a and miR-200b can promote the endometrial cancer cell growth in vitro by targeted inhibition of PTEN gene expression.

miR-410-3p靶向PTEN/Akt/mTOR信号通路调控垂体瘤细胞的生物学活性

目的探讨微小RNA(miRNA)-410-3p对垂体瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,并探讨其可能作用机制。方法将对数期人垂体瘤AtT-20细胞随机分为对照组(常规培养)、miR-410-3p mimcs组(转染miR-410-3p mimcs)、mimics-NC组(转染miR-410-3p mimcs-NC)、miR-410-3p inhibitor组(转染miR-410-3p inhibitor)和inhibitor-NC组(转染miR-410-3p inhibitor-NC),MTT法检测各组细胞增殖能力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,RT-qPCR检测细胞中miR-410-3p和第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶和张力蛋白(PTEN)mRNA表达水平,双荧光素酶报告基因验证miR-410-3p与PTEN的靶向关系,Western blot法检测细胞中B细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、PTEN、蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)、p-Akt、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、p-mTOR蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组和mimcs-NC组比较,miR-410-3p mimcs组细胞24、48 h OD490nm值增加,miR-410-3p、Bcl-2、p-Akt、p-mTOR蛋白表达水平升高,凋亡率、PTEN mRNA和蛋白、Bax蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05);与对照组和inhibitor-NC组比较,miR-410-3p inhibitor组细胞24、48h OD490nm值减小,miR-410-3p、Bcl-2、p-Akt、p-mTOR蛋白表达水平降低,凋亡率、PTEN mRNA和蛋白、Bax蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05);与miR-410-3p mimcs组比较,miR-410-3p inhibitor组细胞24、48h OD490nm值减小,miR-410-3p、Bcl-2、p-Akt、p-mTOR蛋白表达水平降低,凋亡率、PTEN mRNA和蛋白、Bax蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05)。结论miR-410-3p可促进人垂体瘤AtT-20细胞增殖,抑制细胞凋亡,可能与靶向抑制PTEN表达,进而激活下游Akt/mTOR信号通路有关。

Curcumin cytotoxicity is enhanced by PTEN disruption in colorectal cancer cells

AIM:To investigate the effects of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10(PTEN) deficiency on the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents toward colorectal cancer cells.METHODS:PTEN-deficient colorectal cancer(CRC) cells were generated by human somatic cell gene targeting using the adeno-associated virus system. The cytotoxic effects of compounds including curcumin,5-fluorouracil(5-FU),dihydroartemisinin(DHA),irinotecan(CPT-11)and oxaliplatin(OXA) on cancer cells were determined using the MTT assay. Enhanced cytotoxicity of curcumin in PTEN-deficient CRC cells was observed,and this was confirmed using clonogenic assays. Apoptosis and cell cycle progression were analyzed by flow cytometry.Levels of apoptosis and cell cycle-related proteins were examined by Western blotting.RESULTS:We developed an isogenic set of CRC cell lines that differed only in their PTEN status. Using this set of cell lines,we found that disruption of the PTEN gene had no effect on the sensitivity of CRC cells to5-FU,CPT-11,DHA,or OXA,whereas PTEN disruption increased the sensitivity of CRC cells to curcumin. Loss of PTEN did not alter the curcumin-induced apoptosis in CRC cells. However,PTEN deficiency led to an altered pattern of curcumin-mediated cell cycle arrest.In HCT116 PTEN+/+cells,curcumin caused a G2/M phase arrest,whereas it caused a G0/G1 phase arrest in HCT116 PTEN-/-cells. Levels of cell cycle-related proteins were consistent with these respective patterns of cell cycle arrest.CONCLUSION:Curcumin shows enhanced cytotoxicity toward PTEN-deficient cancer cells,suggesting that it might be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for cancers harboring PTEN mutations.