Overexpression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 in endothelial cells reduces blood-brain barrier injury in a mouse model of ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke can cause blood-brain barrier(BBB)injury,which worsens brain damage induced by stroke.Abnormal expression of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells(ECs)can increase intracellular space and BBB leakage.Selective inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase,the negative regulatory substrate of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase(MKP)-1,improves tight junction protein function in ECs,and genetic deletion of MKP-1 aggravates ischemic brain injury.However,whether the latter affects BBB integrity,and the cell type-specific mechanism underlying this process,remain unclear.In this study,we established an adult male mouse model of ischemic stroke by occluding the middle cerebral artery for 60 minutes and overexpressed MKP-1 in ECs on the injured side via lentiviral transfection before stroke.We found that overexpression of MKP-1 in ECs reduced infarct volume,reduced the level of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and chemokine C-C motif ligand-2,inhibited vascular injury,and promoted the recovery of sensorimotor and memory/cognitive function.Overexpression of MKP-1 in ECs also inhibited the activation of cerebral ischemia-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)1/2 and the downregulation of occludin expression.Finally,to investigate the mechanism by which MKP-1 exerted these functions in ECs,we established an ischemic stroke model in vitro by depriving the primary endothelial cell of oxygen and glucose,and pharmacologically inhibited the activity of MKP-1 and ERK1/2.Our findings suggest that MKP-1 inhibition aggravates oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced cell death,cell monolayer leakage,and downregulation of occludin expression,and that inhibiting ERK1/2 can reverse these effects.In addition,co-inhibition of MKP-1 and ERK1/2 exhibited similar effects to inhibition of ERK1/2.These findings suggest that overexpression of MKP-1 in ECs can prevent ischemia-induced occludin downregulation and cell death via deactivating ERK1/2,thereby protecting the integrity of BBB,alleviating brain injury,and improving post-stroke prognosis.

Inhibiting phosphatase and actin regulator 1 expression is neuroprotective in the context of traumatic brain injury

Studies have found that the phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression can be related to stroke,but it remains unclear whether changes in phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression also play a role in traumatic brain injury.In this study we found that,in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury induced by controlled cortical impact,phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression is increased in endothelial cells,neurons,astrocytes,and microglia.When we overexpressed phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 by injection an adeno-associated virus vector into the contused area in the traumatic brain injury mice,the water content of the brain tissue increased.However,when phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 was knocked down,the water content decreased.We also found that inhibiting phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression regulated the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway,decreased blood-brain barrier permeability,reduced aquaporin 4 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression,inhibited neuroinflammation,and neuronal apoptosis,thereby improving neurological function.The findings from this study indicate that phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 may be a potential therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury.

Purification and Characterization of the Catalytic Domain of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 and the Preparation of Anti-ΔSHP-1 Antibodies

This study is focused on the expression of an SH2 domain-truncated form of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1（designated ΔSHP-1） and the preparation of its polyclonal antibodies. A cDNA fragment encoding ΔSHP-1 was amplified by PCR and then cloned into the pT7 expression vector. The recombinant pT7-ΔSHP-1 plasmid was used to transform Rosetta（DE3） E. coli cells. ΔSHP-1 was distributed in the exclusion body of E. coli cell extracts and was purified through a two-column chromatographic procedure. The purified enzyme exhibited an expected molecular weight on SDS-gels and HPLC gel filtration columns. It possesses robust tyrosine phosphatase activity and shows typical enzymatic characteristics of classic tyrosine phosphatases. To generate polyclonal anti-ΔSHP-1 antibodies, purified recombinant ΔSHP-1 was used to immunize a rabbit. The resultant anti-serum was subjected to purification on ΔSHP-1 antigen affinity chromatography. The purified polyclonal antibody displayed a high sensitivity and specificity toward ΔSHP-1. This study thus provides the essential materials for further investigating the biological function and pathological implication of SHP-1 and screening the inhibitors and activators of the enzyme for therapeutic drug development.

Involvement of Shp-2 phosphatase in IL-1α mediated mouse embryo fi- broblast MMP-1 secretion and migration

Objective: To investigate the relation between Shp-2 (a cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphotase) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in the migration of mouse embryo fibroblast cell. Methods: Shp-2 -/-embryo fibroblast was separated from Shp-2 knockout mouse on E10. 5, and Shp-2 cDNA was transfected into Shp-2 -/- cell. The cell migration was observed with the wound healing, the MMP-1 expression and secretion was analyzed by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. The activation of MMP-1 in the supernatant was detected with type I collagenase activity assay after the stimulation of IL-1α compared with E10. 5 mouse embryo fibroblast cell(Shp-2 +/+). Results: There was obvious migration in Shp-2 +/+ cells and Shp-2 -/-R cells, but not in Shp-2 -/- cells. The shape of Shp-2 -/- cell was epithelial-like. The expression and secretion was increased in Shp-2 +/+ cells and Shp-2 -/-R cells, and it had not changed in Shp-2 -/- cell. The activation of MMP-1 was lower in Shp-2 -/- cells compared to the other cells. Conclusion: IL-1 induces the expression and secretion of MMP-1α at the physical dose, and the cell migration is involved in MMP-1 by way of Shp-2 signal transduction.

自身免疫性肝病患者血清PRDX1、PTEN水平及其与肝功能、疾病活动性的关系

目的探讨过氧化物氧化还原蛋白(PRDX)1、第10号染色体缺失性磷酸酶-张力蛋白同源物基因(PTEN)水平与自身免疫性肝病患者肝功能、疾病活动性的关系。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月该院收治的83例自身免疫性肝病患者作为研究对象,根据入院时疾病活动性分为活动期组(37例)、缓解期组(46例),统计两组临床资料及入院时血清PRDX1、PTEN水平,同时对患者进行肝功能Child-Pugh分级并分组。选取同期体检的100例健康志愿者作为对照组。采用多因素Logistic逐步回归分析自身免疫性肝病患者疾病活动性的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线及曲线下面积(AUC)分析治疗后血清PRDX1、PTEN水平对自身免疫性肝病患者疾病活动性的评估价值。结果与A级组比较,B级组血清PRDX1、PTEN水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而C级组血清PRDX1水平升高,PTEN水平降低(P<0.05);与B级组相比,C级组血清PRDX1水平升高、PTEN水平降低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,缓解期组血清PRDX1、PTEN水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而活动期组血清PRDX1水平升高、PTEN水平降低(P<0.05);与缓解期组相比,活动期组血清PRDX1水平升高、PTEN水平降低(P<0.05)。血清PRDX1、PTEN判断自身免疫性肝病患者疾病活动性的AUC分别为0.750、0.854,二者联合预测的AUC为0.916。活动期组患者肝区不适、肝硬化占比高于缓解期组(P<0.05);多因素Logistic逐步回归分析显示,肝区不适(OR=3.487,95%CI:1.534~7.927),肝硬化(OR=4.289,95%CI:1.744~10.545),PRDX1≥5.22 ng/mL(OR=5.068,95%CI:1.951~13.164),PTEN≤0.31 pg/mL(OR=5.387,95%CI:2.099~13.829)是影响自身免疫性肝病疾病活动性的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血清PRDX1水平升高、PTEN水平降低与自身免疫性肝病患者肝功能、疾病活动性密切相关,二者对自身免疫性肝病患者具有一定临床评估价值。

PTEN、CA125、sVEGFR1、NGAL在子宫内膜癌患者血清中的表达及与病理特征的关系

目的 探讨第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源基因(PTEN)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-1(sVEGFR1)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质载运蛋白(NGAL)在子宫内膜癌(EC)患者血清中的表达及与病理特征的关系。方法 选取2019年1月至2021年6月于在邯郸市第一医院行全子宫切除术并经病理诊断的120例EC患者为研究组,选择同期80例良性病变子宫内膜患者为对照组,用酶联免疫吸附法检测并比较2组患者血清PTEN、CA125、sVEGFR1、NGAL水平,收集2组临床病理资料,分析血清PTEN、CA125、sVEGFR1、NGAL与研究组患者病理特征的关系。结果 研究组血清CA125、NGAL水平高于对照组,血清PTEN、sVEGFR1水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。分化程度越低血清CA125、NGAL水平越高,血清PTEN、sVEGFR1水平越低(P<0.05);临床分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者血清PTEN高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期(P<0.05);临床分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移、浸润深度≥50%患者血清CA125、NGAL水平升高,血清sVEGFR1水平降低(P<0.05)。血清PTEN与临床分期呈负相关,与分化程度呈正相关(P<0.05);血清CA125、NGAL与临床分期、淋巴结转移、浸润深度呈正相关,与分化程度呈负相关(P<0.05);血清sVEGFR1与临床分期、淋巴结转移、浸润深度呈负相关,与分化程度呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 CA125、NGAL在EC患者血清中呈高表达,PTEN、sVEGFR1呈低表达,均与EC患者病理特征有一定相关性,可作为EC早期诊断与疾病进展的潜在生物学标志物。

血清CA125、CYFRA21-1、CEA、NSE及ALP联合检测对原发性肺癌患者骨转移的预测价值

目的探究血清糖类抗原125(CA125)、细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)联合检测对原发性肺癌患者骨转移的预测价值。方法选取肺癌患者104例为观察组,并根据是否发生骨转移分为骨转移组(50例)和无骨转移组(54例)。同时选取100例肺部良性病变者为对照组。收集肺癌患者临床资料,检测所有受试者血清CA125、CYFRA21-1、CEA、NSE及ALP水平。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清CA125、CYFRA21-1、CEA、NSE、ALP对肺癌患者骨转移的预测价值。采用多因素Logistic回归分析肺癌患者骨转移的影响因素。结果与对照组相比,观察组血清CA125、CYFRA21-1、CEA、NSE、ALP水平显著升高(P<0.05)。骨转移组中临床分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者占比、有淋巴结转移患者占比及血清CA125、CYFRA21-1、CEA、NSE、ALP水平显著高于无骨转移组(P<0.05)。血清CA125、CYFRA21-1、CEA、NSE、ALP预测肺癌患者发生骨转移的AUC分别为0.818、0.816、0.739、0.770、0.771,5种肿瘤标志物联合检测的AUC为0.955,敏感度、特异度、AUC均显著高于各肿瘤标志物单独检测(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,CA125、CYFRA21-1、CEA、NSE、ALP是影响肺癌患者发生骨转移的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血清CA125、CYFRA21-1、CEA、NSE、ALP联合检测对原发性肺癌患者骨转移的预测具有较高的价值,联合诊断效能更高。

UE参数、S-TK1、AG490、WIP1诊断TC

目的:探究UE参数、S-TK1、AG490、WIP1对甲状腺癌(TC)的诊断价值。方法:选择我院收治TC患者102例(TC组)和同期收治甲状腺结节良性患者73例(对照组)。比较两组UE参数、S-TK1、AG490、WIP1,分析各指标对TC的诊断价值。结果:TC组的弹性评分、SR值、S-TK1、WIP1水平均高于对照组,AG490低于对照组(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析发现五项指标联合诊断TC的AUC最高(P<0.05)。结论:UE参数与S-TK1、WIP1、AG490联合检测有利于临床诊断TC。

The SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase:Signaling mechanisms and biological functions

Cellular biological activities are tightly controlled by intracellular signaling processes initiated by extracellular signals. Protein tyrosine phosphatases, which remove phosphate groups from phosphorylated signaling molecules, play equally important tyrosine roles as protein tyrosine kinases in signal transduction. SHP-2, a cytoplajsmic SH2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase, is involved in the signaling pathways of a variety of growth factors and cytokines. Recent studies have clearly demonstrated that this phosphatase plays an important role in transducing signal relay from the cell surface to the nucleus, and is a critical intracellular regulator in mediating cell proliferation and differentiation.

Silencing Fas-associated phosphatase 1 expression enhances efficiency of chemotherapy for colon carcinoma with oxaliplatin

AIM:To investigate whether silencing Fas-associated phosphatase 1(FAP-1)expression enhances the efficiency of chemotherapy for colon carcinoma with oxaliplatin.METHODS:Expression of FAP-1 in mRNA and protein was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and flow cytometry.Small interfering RNA(siRNA)was designed according to the FAP-1 mRNA sequence.Cell proliferation was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay.Anenxin V-and propidine iodine(PI)were assayed by flow cytometry for the detection of apoptosis. RESULTS:The expression of FAP-1 was increased in SW480 cells after chemotherapy with oxaliplatin. Transfection of FAP-1 siRNA into SW480 cells silenced the expression of FAP-1 and consequently abolished the inhibitory function of Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis pathway,thus increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy for colon carcinoma with oxaliplatin. CONCLUSION:RNA interference combined with conventional chemotherapy is more effective against colon cancer.

Counter-regulatory phosphatases TNAP and NPP1 temporally regulate tooth root cementogenesis

Cementum is critical for anchoring the insertion of periodontal ligament fibers to the tooth root. Several aspects of cementogenesis remain unclear, including differences between acellular cementum and cellular cementum, and between cementum and bone. Biomineralization is regulated by the ratio of inorganic phosphate （Pi） to mineral inhibitor pyrophosphate （PPi）, where local Pi and PPi concentrations are controlled by phosphatases including tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase （TNAP） and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 （NPP1）. The focus of this study was to define the roles of these phosphatases in cementogenesis. TNAP was associated with earliest cementoblasts near forming acellular and cellular cementum. With loss of TNAP in the Alpl null mouse, acellular cementum was inhibited, while cellular cementum production increased, albeit as hypomineralized cementoid. In contrast, NPP1 was detected in cementoblasts after acellular cementum formation, and at low levels around cellular cementum. Loss of NPP1 in the Enppl null mouse increased acellular cementum, with little effect on cellular cementum. Developmental patterns were recapitulated in a mouse model for acellular cementum regeneration, with early TNAP expression and later NPP1 expression. In vitro, cementoblasts expressed Alpl gene/protein early, whereas Enppl gene/protein expression was significantly induced only under mineralization conditions. These patterns were confirmed in human teeth, including widespread TNAP, and NPP1 restricted to cementoblasts lining acellular cementum. These studies suggest that early TNAP expression creates a low PPi environment promoting acellular cementum initiation, while later NPP1 expression increases PPi, restricting acellular cementum apposition. Alterations in PPi have little effect on cellular cementum formation, though matrix mineralization is affected.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 protects PC12 cells from amyloid beta-induced neurotoxicity

The mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, transformation and death. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1（MKP1） has an inhibitory effect on the p38 MAPK and JNK pathways, but it is unknown whether it plays a role in Aβ-induced oxidative stress and neuronal inflammation. In this study, PC12 cells were infected with MKP1 sh RNA, MKP1 lentivirus or control lentivirus for 12 hours, and then treated with 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM amyloid beta 42（Aβ42）. The cell survival rate was measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay. MKP1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α） and interleukin-1β（IL-1β） m RNA expression levels were analyzed using quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction. MKP1 and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase（JNK） expression levels were assessed using western blot assay. Reactive oxygen species（ROS） levels were detected using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using flow cytometry. Superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde levels were evaluated using the colorimetric method. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was measured using a microplate reader. Caspase-3 expression levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Apoptosis was evaluated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nick end labeling method. MKP1 overexpression inhibited Aβ-induced JNK phosphorylation and the increase in ROS levels. It also suppressed the Aβ-induced increase in TNF-α and IL-1β levels as well as apoptosis in PC12 cells. In contrast, MKP1 knockdown by RNA interference aggravated Aβ-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and cell damage in PC12 cells. Furthermore, the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 abolished this effect of MKP1 knockdown on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Collectively, these results show that MKP1 mitigates Aβ-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway, thereby playing a neuroprotective role.

血清DUSP1表达对急性肺血栓栓塞患者的预后价值研究

目的 探究血清双特异性磷酸酶1(DUSP1)表达水平对急性肺血栓栓塞(APTE)患者的预后价值。方法 选取该院2020年3月至2022年7月收治的112例APTE患者作为观察组,并选取同期在该院行体检的健康者50例作为对照组。治疗后随访6个月,根据预后状况将APTE患者分为预后良好组(90例)和预后不良组(22例)。比较入院前各组间的血清DUSP1相对表达水平及肺栓塞严重程度指数(PESI)评分;采用Spearman相关性分析血清DUSP1相对表达水平与PESI评分之间的关系;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清DUSP1相对表达水平及PESI评分对APTE患者预后的预测价值。结果 与对照组比较,观察组血清DUSP1相对表达水平升高(P<0.05);不同危险度患者血清DUSP1相对表达水平及PESI评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),高危APTE患者血清DUSP1相对表达水平及PESI评分均高于中危患者(P<0.05),中危患者均高于低危患者(P<0.05);Spearman相关性分析显示,血清DUSP1相对表达水平与PESI评分呈正相关(r=0.561,P<0.05);ROC曲线结果显示,DUSP1、PESI评分单独预测APTE患者预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.789、0.867,灵敏度分别为65.8%、86.8%,特异度分别为44.2%、67.2%,二者联合预测APTE患者预后不良的AUC为0.952,其灵敏度、特异度分别为92.1%、75.6%。结论 APTE患者血清DUSP1相对表达水平升高,且随着病情的加重,血清DUSP1相对表达水平逐渐增加,DUSP1是预测APTE患者预后不良的有效指标。

Is NEDD4-1 a negative regulator of phosphatase and tensin homolog in gastric carcinogenesis?

The expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN ), a tumor suppressor gene, is frequently downregulated in gastric carcinomas due to mutation, loss of heterozygosity, and promoter hypermethylation. However, it is unknown if additional mechanisms may account for the down-regulation of PTEN expression. While neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-1 (NEDD4-1) is believed to be a potential dual regulator of PTEN, there are conflicting reports regarding their interaction. To gain further insight into the role of NEDD4-1 and its association with PTEN in gastric carcinoma development, we measured the protein expression of NEDD4-1 and PTEN in gastric mucosae with various pathological lesions and found that NEDD4-1 increased from normal gastric mucosa to intestinal metaplasia and decreased from dysplasia to gastric carcinoma. These changes did not correlate with PTEN expression changes during gastric carcinogenesis. Moreover, we found similar results in protein levels in the primary tumors and adjacent non-tumorous tissues. These results differ from a previous report showing that expression of NEDD4-1 is up-regulated in gastric carcinomas, and show a more complex pattern of NEDD4-1 gene expression during gastric carcinogenesis.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B regulates migration of ARPE-19 cells through EGFR/ERK signaling pathway

AIMTo evaluate whether protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) contributed to initiate human retinal pigment epithelium cells (A)-19 migration and investigate the signaling pathways involved in this process.METHODSARPE-19 cells were cultured and treated with the siRNA-PTP1B. Expression of PTP1B was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). AG1478 [a selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)] and PD98059 (a specific inhibitor of the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase) were used to help to determine the PTP1B signaling mechanism. Western blot analysis verified expression of EGFR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in ARPE-19 cells. The effect of siRNA-PTP1B on cell differentiation was confirmed by immunostaining for &#x003b1;-smooth muscle actin (&#x003b1;-SMA) and qRT-PCR. Cell migration ability was analyzed by transwell chamber assay.RESULTSThe mRNA levels of PTP1B were reduced by siRNA-PTP1B as determined by qRT-PCR assay. SiRNA-PTP1B activated EGFR and ERK phosphorylation. &#x003b1;-SMA staining and qRT-PCR assay demonstrated that siRNA-PTP1B induced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells to differentiate toward better contractility and motility. Transwell chamber assay proved that PTP1B inhibition improved migration activity of RPE cells. Treatment with AG1478 and PD98059 abolished siRNA-PTP1B-induced activation of EGFR and ERK, &#x003b1;-SMA expression and cell migration.CONCLUSIONPTP1B inhibition promoted myofibroblast differentiation and migration of ARPE-19 cells, and EGFR/ERK signaling pathway played important role in migration process.

下调Ppp1r17对小鼠饮酒相关行为及AKT/GSK-3β/CREB信号通路磷酸化的影响

目的:观察下调蛋白磷酸酶1调节因子亚基17(Ppp1r17)对小鼠饮酒相关行为的作用,并分析其对蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,PKB/AKT)/糖原合成酶激酶3β(glycogen synthase kinase-3β,GSK-3β)/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element binding protein,CREB)通路磷酸化的影响。方法:取40只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为4组(n=10):control组;shPpp1r17①组;shPpp1r17②组和shPpp1r17③组。给予AAV-shPpp1r173周后检测其在海马组织中的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。取20只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为control组和shPpp1r17组(n=10)。注射AAV-shPpp1r173周后进行旷场实验、条件性位置偏好实验和翻正反射实验,并检测AAV-shPpp1r17定位及蛋白表达情况。取20只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠分为4组(n=5):shNC+Water组、shNC+EtOH组、shPpp1r17+Water组和shPpp1r17+EtOH组,其中EtOH组小鼠稳定自主饮用9%酒精30 d。Western blot检测Ppp1r17、p-AKT、AKT、p-GSK-3β、GSK-3β、p-CREB和CREB蛋白表达情况。结果:(1)实时荧光定量PCR结果显示下调序列shPpp1r17①为最佳Ppp1r17下调序列。(2)行为学结果显示,shPpp1r17组小鼠以增强运动能力和减少焦虑样情绪为特征,Ppp1r17下调可以增加饮酒CPP分数,并降低小鼠对酒精的敏感性。(3)免疫荧光结果显示,shPpp1r17可以在海马脑区特异性表达。(4)Western blot结果显示,在慢性酒精暴露后,Ppp1r17蛋白表达、p-AKT/AKT、p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β和p-CREB/CREB的比值均显著增加。而在海马敲减Ppp1r17后,Ppp1r17蛋白表达显著降低,并且增强AKT/GSK-3β/CREB通路的活性。结论:Ppp1r17下调后可以增强酒精对小鼠的奖赏效应、增强小鼠的运动能力并降低小鼠对酒精的敏感性,其机制可能与激活AKT/GSK-3β/CREB信号通路有关。

Synthesis and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition activities of two new synthetic bromophenols and their methoxy derivatives

3-bromo-4,5-bis（2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl）-l,2-benzenediol （1） is a natural bromophenol isolated from the red algae Rhodomela confervoides that exhibits significant inhibition against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B （PTP1B）. Based on its activity, we synthesized two new synthetic bromophenols and their methoxy derivatives from vanillin using the structure of natural bromophenol 1 as a scaffold. The structures of these bromophenols were elucidated from H NMR, 13C NMR, and high resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry as 2,3-dibromo-1-（2＇-bromo-6＇-（3＂,4＂-dimethoxybenzyl）- 3 ＇,4 ＇-dimethoxybenzyl）-4,5 -dimethoxybenzene （2）, 2,3-dibromo- 1 -（2 ＇-bromo-6＇-（2 ＂-bromo-4＂,5 ＂-dimethoxy- benzyl）-3＇,4＇-dimethoxybenzyl）-4,5-dimethoxybenzene （3）, 3,4-dibromo-5-（2＇-bromo-6＇-（2＂-bromo-4＂,5＂- dihydroxybenzyl）-3＇,4＇-dihydroxybenzyl）pyrocatechol （4） and 3,4-dibromo-5-（2＇-bromo-6＇-（3＂,4＂- dihydroxybenzyl）-3＇,4＇-dihydroxybenzyl）pyrocatechol （5）. PTP1B inhibition activities of these compounds were evaluated using a colorimetric assay, and compounds 3 and 4 demonstrated interesting activity against PTP1B.

Structural Insight into the Design on Oleanolic Acid Derivatives as Potent Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors

Oleanolic acid derivatives act as newer protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B （PTP-1B） inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. In order to understand the structural requirement of PTP-1B inhibitors, 52 oleanolic acid derivatives were divided into a training set （34 compounds） and a test set （18 compounds）. The highly reliable and predictive 3D-QSAR models were constructed by CoMFA, CoMSIA and topomer CoMFA methods, respectively. The results showed that the cross validated coefficient （q2） and non-cross-validated coefficient （R2） were 0.554 and 0.999 in the CoMFA model, 0.675 and 0.971 in the CoMSIA model, and 0.628 and 0.939 in the topomer CoMFA model, which suggests that three models are robust and have good exterior predictive capabilities. Furthermore, ten novel inhibitors with much higher inhibitory potency were designed. Our design strategy was that （i） the electronegative substituents （Cl, -CH2OH, OH and -CH2Cl） were introduced into the double bond of ring C, （ii） the hydrogen bond acceptor groups （C≡N and N atom）, electronegative groups （C≡N, N atom, -COOH and -COOCH3） and bulky substituents （C6H5N） were connected to the C-3 position, which would result in generating potent and selective PTP-1B inhibitors. We expect that the results in this paper have the potential to facilitate the process of design and to develop new potent PTP-1B inhibitors.

胃癌组织中LncRNA PINK1-AS、miR-134-5p表达及与患者临床病理参数和预后的关系

目的探讨胃癌组织中长链非编码核糖核酸(LncRNA)磷酸酯酶与张力蛋白同源物诱导激酶1反义核糖核酸(PINK1-AS)、微小核糖核酸-134-5p(miR-134-5p)表达及与患者临床病理参数和预后的关系。方法选取接受手术切除的胃癌患者104例,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测胃癌组织及对应癌旁组织中LncRNA PINK1-AS、miR-134-5p表达,分析胃癌组织中LncRNA PINK1-AS、miR-134-5p表达与临床病理参数的关系,采用Pearson法分析LncRNA PINK1-AS与miR-134-5p在胃癌组织中表达的相关性。根据胃癌组织LncRNA PINK1-AS、miR-134-5p表达的中位数分为LncRNA PINK1-AS、miR-134-5p高/低表达组,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线。通过Cox回归分析胃癌患者死亡的影响因素。结果胃癌组织中LncRNA PINK1-AS表达高于癌旁组织,miR-134-5p表达低于癌旁组织(P均<0.05)。LncRNA PINK1-AS与miR-134-5p在胃癌组织中表达呈负相关(r=-0.707,P<0.05)。不同组织分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移的胃癌组织LncRNA PINK1-AS、miR-134-5p表达比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。随访3年,104例胃癌患者总生存率为61.54%(64/104)。LncRNA PINK1-AS高表达组3年总生存率低于LncRNA PINK1-AS低表达组,miR-134-5p高表达组3年总生存率高于miR-134-5p低表达组(P均<0.05)。胃癌患者死亡的独立危险因素为组织分化程度低分化、TNM分期Ⅲ期、有淋巴结转移、LncRNA PINK1-AS表达≥2.15,独立保护因素为miR-134-5p表达≥0.64(P均<0.05)。结论胃癌组织中LncRNA PINK1-AS高表达、miR-134-5p低表达,二者表达与组织分化程度降低、TNM分期增加、有淋巴结转移和预后不良有关。

BALP、PTH、IGF-1联合检测在肾性骨病诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)联合检测在肾性骨病(ROD)诊断中的应用价值。方法选择2020年1月至2022年12月就诊于本院的90例ROD患者纳入ROD组,另选取同期本院90例健康体检者纳入对照组。两组均接受血清学指标及骨密度检测,比较两组的检测结果,分析血清学指标与骨密度的相关性,探究BALP、PTH、IGF-1单独及联合检测对ROD的诊断效能。结果ROD组的BALP、PTH水平高于对照组,IGF-1水平以及腰椎、股骨近端骨密度低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析,ROD组的BALP、PTH水平与骨密度呈负相关,IGF-1水平与骨密度呈正相关(r=-0.651、-0.553、0.467,P<0.001)。联合检测诊断ROD的灵敏度、特异度、阴性预测值及准确度高于BALP、PTH、IGF-1单独检测,阳性预测值高于BALP、PTH单独检测,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ROD患者与健康人群的BALP、PTH、IGF-1水平存在显著差异,ROD患者的BALP、PTH、IGF-1水平与骨密度存在密切关系,联合检测能够提高ROD的诊断效能,临床可将其用于ROD的辅助诊断。