Phosphate imbalance conducting by BPs-based cancer-targeting phosphate anions carrier induces necrosis

As a vital nutrient closely related to the cance r-cells proliferation,phosphate anions have been paid great attention as a promising anticancer agent.Generally,the transport of phosphate anions depends on a protein transport system which is regulated by ion homeostasis regulations.Herein,we designed a reactive anionic nanocarrier based on black phosphorus nanosheets(BPs)and artesunate(ART),which could enter cells through endocytosis to generate phosphate anions,avoiding the regulation of cell homeostasis.The ionic nanocarrier was coated by polydopamine to defend BPs and ART and functionalized by folate(FA)and hyaluronic acid(HA)for targeting factor.With the anchoring groups FA/HA targeted the carrier into cells,polydopamine coating decomposed to expose ART for further generating reactive oxygen species(ROS)in cancer cell microenvironment,providing oxidation conditions.Next,ROS generated by ART makes BPs decompose to phosphate anions with effectively speed,giving rise to the destruction of ion homeostasis to induce necro sis and inhibit the proliferation for cancer cells.In consequence,this research provides novel idea and direction for the ionic carriers and tumor therapeutics.

A comparison of anionic and cationic flotation of a siliceous phosphate rock in a column flotation cell

Flotation performance of a de-slimed（-150＋53μm）Jordanian siliceous phosphate was evaluated in a batch laboratory flotation column 100 cm high and 5 cm inside diameter.The collector used during anionic flotation was sodium oleate while an amine acetate（AEROMINE 3100C）was used for cationic flotation.Flotation comparison at different collector dosage,superficial gas velocity,and frother concentration showed that the maximum difference in performance between cationic and anionic flotation was obtained with these flotation parameters：30×10^（-6）（mg/L）frother concentration,250 g/t collector concentration,and 3.4 cm/s superficial gas velocity.At these operating conditions amine （cationic）flotation gave 7%higher flotation recovery,a 6%cleaner concentrate grade,and was 6%more efficient at removing silica.

In Situ FTIR Spectroscopic Study of Electrochemical Adsorption of Phosphate Ions on Gold

Infrared reflection-absorption spectra for primary, secondary and tertiary orthophosphate anions on a gold electrode in aqueous solution were studied by in situ FTIR spectroscopy. The spectra show that H2PO4- , HPO ions do not interact with the electrode surface as strong as PO do. According to the surface selection rule, we deduce the modes of adsorption of these anions on the electrode from these spectra. The experiment also confirms the affection to adsorption of ion on the electrode due to ion-migration into thin-layer cavity.

Antipoisoning catalysts for the selective oxygen reduction reaction at the interface between metal nanoparticles and the electrolyte

One of the primary challenges in relation to phosphoric acid fuel cells is catalyst poisoning by phosphate anions that occurs at the interface between metal nanoparticles and the electrolyte.The strong adsorption of phosphate anions on the catalyst surface limits the active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),significantly deteriorating fuel cell performance.Here,antipoisoning catalysts consisting of Pt-based nanoparticles encapsulated in an ultrathin carbon shell that can be used as a molecular sieve layer are rationally designed.The pore structure of the carbon shells is systematically regulated at the atomic level by high-temperature gas treatment,allowing O_(2) molecules to selectively react on the active sites of the metal nanoparticles through the molecular sieves.Besides,the carbon shell,as a protective layer,effectively prevents metal dissolution from the catalyst during a long-term operation.Consequently,the defect-controlled carbon shell leads to outstanding ORR activity and durability of the hybrid catalyst even in phosphoric acid electrolytes.