Review on biomass metallurgy:Pretreatment technology,metallurgical mechanism and process design

The metallurgy industry consumes a considerable amount of coal and fossil fuels,and its carbon dioxide emissions are increasing every year.Replacing coal with renewable,carbon-neutral biomass for metallurgical production is of great significance in reducing global carbon consumption.This study describes the current state of research in biomass metallurgy in recent years and analyzes the concept and scientific principles of biomass metallurgy.The fundamentals of biomass pretreatment technology and biomass metallurgy technology were discussed,and the industrial application framework of biomass metallurgy was proposed.Furthermore,the economic and social advantages of biomass metallurgy were analyzed to serve as a reference for the advancement of fundamental theory and industrial application of biomass metallurgy.

Research on Technology of Pressure Pretreatment with Oxygen for Refractory Gold Ores

An combined technology of pressure pretreatment with oxygen on refractory gold ores is pointed out and discussed on this paper, according to the experiments included the test in 1 kg grade batch pressure pretreatment with oxygen of the concentrate from the refractory gold ores of Dongbeizhai in Sichuan province, which is called the most refractory gold ores in China. It is shown that gold recovery reach 91.73% in the combined process which is described as follows: The flotation of the sulphide gold ores is under controlled conditions, producing the concentrate for pressure pretreatment with oxygen in acidic medium and the middling for the pressure pretreatment with oxygen in alkaline medium. The thickening and washing process substitute the pressure filtration process of the pulp after pressure pretreatment. The thick slimes of the two kinds of pressure pretreatment were mixed and then enter the CIL process for simplifying the flowsheet. The possible superabundance of acid of pressure pretreatment with oxygen in acidic medium was neutralized by the tailings of flotation and the cost of neutralization will be lower. The combined technology of pressure pretreatment with oxygen has the same advantages as the normal technology of pressure pretreatment and both is helpful for environment protection.

Research Progress of Pretreatment Technology and Equipment for Raw Materials of Reconstituted Tobacco

The purpose of pretreating raw materials of reconstituted tobacco is to improve the quality of raw materials as well as product quality and production efficiency.In recent years,the research achievements and equipment status of the pretreatment technology of reconstituted tobacco raw materials in China were systematically reviewed,and the research and equipment development prospects of the pretreatment technology of reconstituted tobacco raw materials were prospected.

Research progress of aluminum alloy automotive sheet and application technology

Pretrcatment technology is deeply discussed to explain its importance in guaranteeing properties and form- ability of aluminum alloy automotive sheet. Some typical applications of aluminum alloy automotive sheet to automotive industry are listed. Based on the author＇s knowledge and recognition and research progress presently, the important re- search contents about aluminum alloy automotive sheet are emphasized. Reducing cost and price of sheet and going deeply into application research are the main work for expending the application of aluminum alloy automotive sheet in the automobile.

The Research about Storage and Transportation of Natural Gas Based on LNG Technology

Nowadays, we are in great lack of the technology theory for the storage and transportation of gas hydrate. Under this condition, after checking out related theory of these, we established the technology roadmap of the storage and transportation of gas hydrate by LNG technology. Study has shown that the technology of LNG is more saving than that of pipeline. Then we came out with the new idea of storage and transportation of hydrate by LNG technology.

Processing technology of Camellia oleifera seed

Camellia oleifera industry plays a key role in the safety of edible oils in China,and its seed has great potential for comprehensive utilization.This review mainly introduced processing technology of Camellia seed,which included pretreatment,extraction,and high value utilization.The comprehensive utilization and nutritional value of Camellia seed were discussed.Microwave is the best pretreatment method,and shelling technology can improve oil yield.Cold pressing technology was widely accepted and aqueous enzymatic method had wide prospects.Comprehensive utilization technology of Camellia oleifera cake mainly focused on saponin extracting.In the future,processing technology of Camellia seed will be further developed in the direction of improving comprehensive utilization rate to meet new consumption demand.

基于GPRS无线通讯技术的自动化灌溉系统设计

针对传统的大水漫灌等灌溉方式灌水不均、容易造成农作物病害或涝死、浪费水资源和人工成本较高的问题,基于GPRS无线通讯技术对自动化灌溉系统进行了设计。为了获取有效的灌溉数据,同时能够对数据进行统计、分析和预测,设计了自动灌溉数据信息的预处理方法,并采用多元线性回归预测模型对灌溉数据进行预测。为了验证该自动化灌溉系统的性能,对其进行了数据采集试验和灌溉预测试验,结果表明:系统对灌溉数据监测和预测的准确率均较高。

盾构渣土余泥处理与应用技术

我国的盾构施工技术已经较为成熟,盾构渣土余泥作为盾构施工中产生的建筑废弃物,其资源化发展和综合性应用也正受到社会的广泛关注。本文详细介绍了盾构渣土余泥的理化性能,并整理了脱水技术和除铁技术两大预处理技术。而在盾构渣土余泥的综合利用方面,本文围绕其作为盾构施工的辅助材料、利用其潜在水硬性生产高性能产品以及制作烧结类产品等几个方面做了重点介绍。盾构渣土余泥的资源化发展和综合性的应用具有较高的市场前景,也具有深远的环保意义。

切前处理技术预防鲜切果蔬褐变的研究进展

鲜切果蔬切割之后容易发生表面褐变等问题,严重影响果蔬商品价值和消费者的购买欲,成为制约鲜切果蔬发展的重要瓶颈。该文重点针对冷激处理、热处理、高氧处理、化学处理等切前处理技术在鲜切果蔬上的应用进行阐述,并对切前处理调控果蔬褐变的机制进行探讨,分析目前存在的关键问题及未来的发展方向,以期为开发更安全高效的褐变控制技术提供理论参考。

磁性固相萃取技术在土壤污染物检测中的应用研究进展

近年来,各种污染物通过多种途径进入土壤环境中并积累,对土壤环境质量、食品安全和人体健康产生极大的危害。土壤基质较为复杂,采用高效、选择性好、灵敏度高、便捷简单的前处理技术对土壤中的污染物进行分析检测尤为重要。磁性固相萃取技术作为一种新型的前处理方法,与传统前处理技术相比具有多种优势。随着磁性纳米材料的兴起,根据土壤中污染物的不同,通过对磁性纳米粒子进行功能化修饰可以得到不同吸附性能的吸附材料,从而对土壤中的各种污染物进行选择性吸附。梳理了土壤中存在的主要污染物、传统的前处理技术、磁性固相萃取技术简介及优势,详细阐述了磁性固相萃取技术在土壤污染物分析检测中的应用研究进展,为磁性固相萃取技术在土壤污染物实际检测应用中提供参考。

水酶法提油关键技术研究进展

水酶法作为一种高效、节能、绿色、环保的新型油脂提取技术,具有良好的应用前景。但是,不同研究中所使用的水酶法提油工艺存在较大差异,使得后期研究人员无法从已有研究中获取提高出油率的关键技术要点和参数,导致实际应用效果不佳。因此,该文查阅了近年来国内外有关水酶法提油的最新研究成果,并从原料预处理、酶解和破乳3个层面对水酶法提油的关键技术进行分析和总结,以便后续研究人员了解水酶法及水酶法提油的关键技术要点,并为其在实际应用时选择合适的粉碎粒径、原料预处理方法、酶种类、酶解时间和温度及破乳方法等提供参考和建议。

基于气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术分析不同预处理技术对压榨山茶油风味的影响

旨在提升山茶油风味品质,采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)技术分析微波、烘烤、蒸制3种预处理技术对压榨山茶油中挥发性成分的影响,并结合正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLSDA)、相对气味活度值(ROAV)和聚类分析比较不同预处理压榨山茶油挥发性成分的差异。结果表明:不同预处理压榨山茶油中共鉴定出40种挥发性成分,其中醛类18种(40.02%~51.88%)、醇类9种(10.99%~19.85%)、酮类6种(19.37%~27.35%)、酯类3种(4.21%~11.44%)、吡嗪类2种(1.25%~6.50%)、烃类1种(0.19%~0.32%)和酸类1种(0.35%~2.16%),其中微波预处理压榨山茶油的挥发性物质含量最高,其次为烘烤、蒸制的;OPLS-DA建立的模型能够有效地区分不同预处理压榨山茶油,并根据变量投影重要性(VIP)值大于1筛选出了10种特征挥发性成分,分别是2-甲基丁醛D、3-甲基丁醛D、2,3-戊二酮、乙酸甲酯、2-甲基吡嗪、丙酮、3-羟基-2-丁酮、顺-2-庚烯醛、正己醇、1-丁醇,其中前5种为关键风味成分(ROAV大于1);聚类分析表明不同预处理压榨山茶油的10种特征挥发性成分存在差异,分类结果与OPLS-DA分类基本一致。综上,不同预处理技术所得压榨山茶油的风味不同,可通过OPLS-DA和聚类分析进行区分。

瓶内处理技术结合快速LC-MS提高利培酮血药浓度测定效率

目的 评估“瓶内处理”(Bottle-in)技术结合快速LC-MS的方法学特性,并验证其对治疗药物监测技术自动化和标准化的促进作用。方法 选择利培酮及其主要代谢物9-羟利培酮作为研究对象,针对两种血样前处理技术——Bottle-in技术与实验室现行的常规处理(RP)技术,建立并验证相应的LC-MS检测方法。实验设计遵循CLSI EP9-A3指南,对60例服用利培酮的患者血液样本应用两种方法进行利培酮和9-羟利培酮浓度的测定,并记录样本的报告时间。采用Spearman相关性分析、Passing-Bablok回归分析、Bland-Altman一致性检验以及医学决定水平(MDL)预期偏倚分析,对两种方法的检测结果进行相关性和差异性评价。结果 两种前处理技术下的LC-MS方法在测定利培酮和9-羟利培酮血药浓度时,均满足方法学验证的标准。在60例患者的样本中,两组结果均未出现异常值,显示出强烈的相关性(P<0.01)。Passing-Bablok回归模型显示了良好的线性关系。Bland-Altman一致性检验结果表明,两者具有高度一致性。MDL预期偏倚分析进一步证实,两种检测方法的结果未出现显著性偏倚,预期偏倚值(Bc)均在可接受的偏倚限值范围内。Bottle-in技术较RP技术在前处理时间上可节约66.67%,结合快速LC-MS技术对12例患者样本进行检测,全流程检出时间上Bottle-in组较RP组能缩短12.50%的时长。结论 Bottle-in技术凭借其高效的前处理方式,提高了药物监测技术自动化和标准化,可作为替代RP技术的一种有效方法,成为现代临床药学监测中的一项重要进展。

麦麸预处理技术应用于全麦粉及其制品品质改良的研究进展

麦麸的存在易导致全麦粉及其制品的口感、稳定性等欠佳。基于麦麸预处理技术可有效改善全麦粉及其制品的品质特性,对常见的麦麸预处理技术进行综述,分析其对全麦粉加工性能、营养特性和贮藏稳定性的影响,并探讨这些技术在改善全麦制品(如馒头、油条、面包和面条)食用品质方面的应用。认为,粉碎处理(石磨、辊磨、超微磨等)可增加营养物质的生物可及性,降低植酸等抗营养物质的含量,但不会改变其化学组成;热处理(干热处理、湿热处理和过热蒸汽处理)和挤压处理虽能使麦麸中高活性内源酶失活,进而延长其贮藏期,但会导致酚类物质降解、脂肪酸热氧化及色泽暗淡;生物处理(酶解和发酵)能增加可溶性膳食纤维含量,改善全麦粉的加工特性和营养特性,但不能满足高纤维面制品的多样化需求。未来应进一步优化麦麸预处理技术的工艺参数,联合单一预处理技术的优点,以市场需求和工业化生产为导向,精准调控联合处理的方式和顺序,提升全麦粉及其制品的品质特性,并为麦麸预处理技术的调控机制研究提供参考。

提高人工湿地脱氮除磷性能强化技术及其在有色金属工业废水中的应用

人工湿地因具有良好的脱氮除磷性能而广泛应用于生活污水尾水和工业废水的深度处理。然而,随着环保政策要求的日益严格,传统的人工湿地对不同水质污水的处理能力有限,从而导致多数污水处理难以满足达标排放的要求。因此,越来越多的强化技术与手段被应用于人工湿地系统,以增强人工湿地的污染物净化性能。主要从合理设计人工湿地、联合预处理工艺构建复合人工湿地系统以及保温和溶解氧控制等方面综述当前提高人工湿地脱氮除磷性能的强化技术,并简要概述了人工湿地在处理有色金属工业废水中的应用。

分散液液微萃取技术在液态食品分析中的应用

分散液液微萃取技术(Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction,DLLME)是一种新型的样品前处理方法,它具有有机试剂用量少、操作简便快速等优点,广泛应用于食品样品中痕量目标物的提取。本文阐述DLLME的类型,DLLME技术在液态食品分析中的应用,以期能为后续研究者在DLLME领域的进一步开发与创新提供思路。

燃煤电厂脱硫废水零排放技术研究进展

石灰石湿法脱硫技术广泛应用于燃煤电厂烟气脱硫中,该技术在运行中会产生含有高盐和重金属的脱硫废水。目前脱硫废水普遍采用三联箱处理,该工艺存在药剂投加量大、污泥产生量多,以及部分指标达标困难等问题,且废水经处理后的出水含盐量高,直接排放容易引起二次污染。从脱硫废水零排放预处理技术、减量化技术和终端处理技术3个方面,对各种脱硫废水零排放处理技术的原理、优缺点和实际应用情况进行了综述,并对同类型技术的工艺参数进行了比较,为寻找一种更加专业、高效的脱硫废水处理方法提供了有价值的参考。

Engineering classification recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries through pretreatment:a comprehensive review from laboratory to scale-up application

The lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have been widely equipped in electric/hybrid electric vehicles(EVs/HEVs)and the portable electronics due to their excellent electrochemical performances.However,a large number of retired LIBs that consist of toxic substances(e.g.,heavy metals,electrolytes)and valuable metals(e.g.,Li,Co)will inevitably flow into the waste stream,and their incineration or landfill treatment will cause severe risks to ecosystem and human beings.The sustainable and efficient treatment or recycling of valuable resources from spent LIBs should be fully recognized for environmental and resource security.As one of the most important processes for spent LIBs recycling,the pretreatment is an indispensable step,which is directly related to the subsequent metal extraction and separation processes.Although considerable progresses have been made regarding the pretreatment technologies,there are few summarized reports concerning critical processes of spent LIBs recycling,especially combination of currently available recycling technologies with industrialized applications during pretreatments.Therefore,comprehensive review of the current prevailing pretreatment technologies in laboratory to existing scale-up applications is quite necessary to reveal cutting-edge development in the field of pretreatment.In this review,the current pretreatment technologies are systematically categorized and introduced,along with critical discussions.This review focused on the various options for pretreatment processes itself,instead of general spent LIBs recycling technologies without the focused topics that have been sophisticatedly reviewed by previous studies.Here,the deactivation,discharge,dismantling,separation,liberation of active material and electrolyte treatment have been summarized with the in-depth discussion of the technology development and current status of each category.Finally,current states of industrial development are also reviewed and discussed for the development of efficient and environmentally friendly recycling technologies for future applications.This review tends to present a focused topic concerning the pretreatment of spent LIBs to potential readers with a comprehensive illustration of the development on both cutting-edge technologies and scale-up applications.

质谱技术在茶叶农残检测中的新进展与挑战

质谱技术在茶叶农残检测中的应用取得显著进展,通过先进仪器和高效前处理技术,可以提高检测的准确性和效率。然而,质谱技术仍面临农药种类多、残留量低、成本高等问题。本文探讨了质谱技术在茶叶农残检测中面临的问题和解决方案。以期推动质谱技术在茶叶农残检测中更广泛的应用,保障茶叶质量与安全,促进茶产业的可持续发展。

浅析食品中农药残留前处理及检测技术研究进展

随着现代社会的发展与进步,我国农业产业化得到快速发展,农药也被大量用于农产品生产作业中,致使部分食品出现农药残留超标现象,食品安全问题日益严峻。为了实现对食品中农药残留的有效检测,前处理技术和检测技术的应用尤为重要。因此,本文分析了当前国内外普遍使用的农药残留检测技术与前处理技术,并对光谱法作出实验分析,旨在为食品中农药残留检测技术的深入研究和应用提供参考。