Micro RNA-21 promotes phosphatase gene and protein kinase B/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase expression in colorectal cancer

AIM: To explore the regulatory mechanism of the target gene of micro RNA-21(mi R-21), phosphatase gene(p TEN), and its downstream proteins, protein kinase B(AKT) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(p I3K), in colorectal cancer(CRC) cells. METHODS: Quantitative real-time p CR(q RT-p CR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of mi R-21 and p TEN in HCT116, HT29, Colo32 and SW480 CRC cell lines. Also, the expression levels of p TEN m RNA and its downstream proteins AKT and p I3 K in HCT116 cells after downregulating mi R-21 were investigated. RESULTS: Comparing the mi R-21 expression in CRC cells, the expression levels of mi R-21 were highest in HCT116 cells, and the expression levels of mi R-21 were lowest in SW480 cells. In comparing mi R-21 and p TEN expression in CRC cells, we found that the protein expression levels of mi R-21 and p TEN were inversely correlated(p < 0.05); when mi R-21 expression was reduced, m RNA expression levels of p TEN did not significantly change(p > 0.05), but the expression levels of its protein significantly increased(p < 0.05). In comparing the levels of p TEN protein and downstream AKT and p I3 K in HCT116 cells after downregulation of mi R-21 expression, the levels of AKT and p I3 K protein expression significantly decreased(p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: p TEN is one of the direct target genesof mi R-21. Thus, phosphatase gene and its downstream AKT and p I3 K expression levels can be regulated by regulating the expression levels of mi R-21, which in turn regulates the development of CRC.

Effects of Panax Quinquefolium Saponin on Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Serine Threonine Kinase Pathway of Neonatal Rat Myocardial Cells Subjected to Hypoxia

Objective： To explore the effects of Panax Quinquefolium Saponin （PQS） on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine threonine kinase （P13/Akt） pathway of neonatal rat myocardial cells subjected to hypoxia. Methods： Neonatal rat myocardial cells were cultured in vitro. After the myocardial cell injury was induced by hypoxia, the cells were randomized into 5 groups： the normal group, the model group, the positive control group （Ciclosporin A, 2 p, mol/L）, the low-dose PQS group （PQSL, 25mg/L）, and the high-dose PQS group （PQSH, 50 mg/L）. Morphology and behavior of myocardial cells were observed under an inverted microscope. Apoptosis rate and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） leakage rate of myocardial cells were determined by colorimetry. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential was assessed using a fluorexon laser. Phospho-glycogen synthase kinase （GSK）-3β and phospho-Akt as well as cytochrome C were determined by Western blot. Results： LDH leakage in the Ciclosporin A group, PQSH group and PQSL group reduced progressively compared with the model group （P〈0.05）. Akt and GSK-3β was strongly phosphorylated after treatment with Ciclosporin A and PQS compared with the model group （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. Compared with the model group （16.41 ± 1.74; 35.28 ± 6.30）, both the integrated optical density of mitochondrial permeability transition pore （MPTP） and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential significantly increased in the PQSH group （42.74± 2.12; 71.36 ± 6.54） and the PQSL group （39.58± 1.49; 66.99± 5.45; P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. However, the protein of cytochrome C outside the mitochonddon decreased in the PQSH group （273.66 ± 14.61） and the PQSL group （259.62 ± 17.31） compared with the model group （502.41 ± 17.76; P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Through activation of the P13K/Akt pathway and inhibition of the MPTP, PQS might protect the heart against ischemia injury and apoptosis of myocardial cells.

PIM1基因对急性髓系白血病U937细胞增殖、凋亡及JAK2/STAT3信号通路的影响

目的:探讨PIM1基因对急性髓系白血病(AML)U937细胞增殖、凋亡的影响,以及对JAK2/STAT3通路的调控作用。方法:收集初诊成人AML患者和单纯缺铁性贫血患者的骨髓单个核细胞,荧光定量PCR检测PIM1 mRNA表达。将AML细胞系U937细胞分为:U937组(U937细胞正常培养)、Si-PIM1组(U937细胞转染含PIM1 mRNA的低表达腺病毒载体)、Si-NC组(U937细胞转染不含PIM1 mRNA的低表达腺病毒载体)、CoA1组(U937细胞中加入浓度为20μmol/L的JAK2激活剂CoA1)、Si-PIM1+CoA1组(U937细胞转染含PIM1 mRNA低表达的腺病毒载体并加入浓度为20μmol/L的CoA1)。培养24 h。荧光定量PCR和蛋白印迹法检测U937细胞PIM1 mRNA和蛋白、JAK2/STAT3通路、细胞周期、凋亡相关蛋白表达;噻唑蓝法检测细胞增殖活性;流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化及凋亡率。结果:AML患者骨髓单个核细胞中PIM1 mRNA表达水平高于单纯缺铁性贫血患者(P<0.05)。与U937组相比,Si-PIM1组细胞PIM1 mRNA和蛋白、p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT3/STAT3、Cyclin D1、CDK2蛋白、细胞增殖活性、S期比例、G2/M期比例降低(均P<0.05),p27、Caspase-3蛋白、G0/G1期、凋亡率升高(均P<0.05),而CoA1组上述指标的变化情况与Si-PIM1组正好相反,CoA1可逆转Si-PIM1对U937细胞的作用效果。U937组、Si-PIM1+CoA1组、Si-NC组U937细胞上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:敲低PIM1基因表达可抑制U937细胞增殖、促进凋亡,缓解ALM进程,且上述作用可能与抑制JAK2/STAT3通路活化有关。

Bornyl acetate extracted from Sharen(Fructus Amomi)inhibits proliferation,invasion and induces apoptosis by suppressing phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling in colorectal cancer

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the antitumor effects of bornyl acetate(BA)isolated from Sharen(Fructus Amomi)in colorectal cancer(CRC)and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS:SW480 and HT29 cells were treated with increasing doses of BA in order to determine its antitumor effects in vitro.Cell viability,colony formation,cell cycle,and apoptosis as well as migration and invasion were assessed using various assays.In addition,the in vivo antitumor effects of BA were assessed using a xenograft mouse model.We then assessed the mechanism of action of BA by conducting pathway activator-mediated rescue experiments and assessed the protein levels by Western blot analysis.RESULTS:BA showed anti-CRC tumor activities in vitro by suppressing cell proliferation and colony formation,inducing apoptosis,blocking cell cycle,and inhibiting migration and invasion.These effects were mediated via suppression of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)pathway.In the tumor xenograft experiment,BA was found to repress tumor growth in vivo with low toxicity.CONCLUSIONS:The results demonstrated that BA exerts antitumor effects by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway,with low toxicity.Thus,BA might be a potential novel therapeutic agent for CRC.

基于PI3K/Akt/mTOR 通路探究七氟醚麻醉对大鼠神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨七氟醚麻醉对大鼠认知功能及神经细胞凋亡的影响。方法取96只大鼠,随机分为对照组(吸入2 L·min^(−1)氧气)、七氟醚低浓度组(吸入体积分数为1%的七氟醚+2 L·min^(−1)氧气)、七氟醚中浓度组(吸入体积分数为2%的七氟醚+2 L·min^(−1)氧气)、七氟醚高浓度组(吸入体积分数为4%的七氟醚+2 L·min^(−1)氧气),持续吸入6 h。用Morris水迷宫实验观察各组大鼠认知能力,用HE染色观察海马组织学形态,用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定海马组织中枢神经特异性蛋白(soluble protein 100β,S-100β)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平,流式细胞术测定神经细胞凋亡情况,蛋白印迹法(Western blotting)测定海马组织B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl2-associated X protein,Bax)、磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,p-PI3K)、磷酸化丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase,p-Akt)和磷酸化哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin,p-mTOR)的水平。结果HE染色结果表明,对照组海马组织神经细胞结构正常,排列紧密,七氟醚各浓度组大鼠海马组织神经细胞减少,排列紊乱,分布不均匀。与对照组比较,七氟醚各浓度组大鼠逃避潜伏期时间,S100-β、NSE、IL-1β、TNF-α水平,Bax蛋白水平和神经细胞凋亡率均升高,穿越平台次数,平台停留时间,Bcl-2、p-PI3K、p-Akt和p-mTOR蛋白水平均降低(P<0.05);七氟醚各浓度组诸项指数水平变化规律相同,并呈剂量依赖性(P<0.05)。结论七氟醚麻醉可诱导大鼠神经细胞凋亡,使大鼠认知能力衰退,其可能与调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路有关。

辛开苦降法对多囊卵巢综合征胰岛素抵抗患者卵巢功能、子宫内膜容受性及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶通路的影响

目的 观察辛开苦降法对多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS)胰岛素抵抗(Insulin resistance,IR)患者卵巢功能、子宫内膜容受性及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶(Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/serine threonine protein kinase,PI3K/AKT)通路的影响。方法 选取2018年11月—2020年1月期间四川中医药高等专科学校附属绵阳市中医医院收治的PCOS-IR患者83例,按随机数字表法分为对照组41例和治疗组42例。对照组采用炔雌醇环丙孕酮联合二甲双胍治疗,治疗组采用中医辛开苦降法(中药),均连续治疗12周。观察比较两组患者治疗前后体质量指数(Body mass index,BMI)、卵巢功能[卵泡刺激素(Follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(Luteinizing hormone,LH)、LH/FSH与抗缪勒管激素(Anti-mullerian hormone,AMH)]、血糖[空腹胰岛素(Fasting insulin,FIN)、空腹血糖(Fasting blood glucose,FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hours postprandial blood glucose,2 h PBG)与胰岛素抵抗指数(Homeostasis model assessmentinsulin resistance,HOMA-IR)]、子宫内膜容受性[收缩期峰值流速(Vmax)、搏动指数(Pulse index,PI)、阻力指数(Resistance index,RI)、血流参数血管化指数(Vascularity index,VI)、血流指数(Flow index,FI)与血管化血流指数(Vascularity flow index,VFI)]、外周血PI3K/AKT通路(PI3K、AKT mNRA),治疗期间不良反应情况。结果 治疗后两组患者BMI、FPG、FIN、2 h GLU、HOMA-IR水平均较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组BMI、FPG、FIN、2 h GLU、HOMA-IR水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者AMH、LH、LH/FSH水平均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);FSH较治疗前无显著变化,差异无统计意义(P>0.05);且治疗组AMH、LH、LH/FSH明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者子宫内膜厚度、子宫容积、Vmax、VI、FI、VFI均较治疗前明显升高,PI、RI均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组子宫内膜厚度、子宫容积、Vmax、VI、FI、VFI均明显高于对照组,PI、RI均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者PI3K、AktmRN表达均较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组PI3K、AktmRN表达均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者均未发生严重不良反应。结论 中医辛开苦降法不仅能改善PCOS-IR患者胰岛素抵抗,还可改善其卵巢功能、子宫内膜容受性,激活PI3K/AKT通路,安全性高。

Salvianolic acid B promotes the invasion and migration of H_(2)O_(2)-induced HTR-8/Svneo trophoblast cells by upregulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 via the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway

OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the regulatory effects of salvianolic acid B(Sal B)on trophoblast cells in preeclampsia(PE).METHODS:3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assays were used to detect the viability of human extravillous trophoblast HTR-8/Svneo cells induced by H_(2)O_(2)following treatment with different concentrations of Sal B.The levels of oxidative stressrelated molecules,including superoxide dismutase,glutathione-Px and malondialdehyde were detected using corresponding kits.Cell apoptosis was detected using a Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(Td T)d UTP NickEnd Labeling(TUNEL)assay,and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected using western blot analysis.In the present study,wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to measure the levels of cell invasion and migration.Western blot analysis was also used to detect the expression levels of epithelialmesenchymal transition-related proteins.The mechanisms underlying Sal B were further investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-q PCR)and western blot analysis,to determine the expression levels of matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP-9)and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt).RESULTS:Sal B increased the activity of HTR-8/Svneo cells,inhibited oxidative damage and promoted the invasion and migration of trophoblast cells induced by H_(2)O_(2).Furthermore,the expression levels of MMP-9 and members of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were significantly decreased.The pathway agonist,LY294002,and MMP-9 inhibitor,GM6001,reversed the effects of Sal B on H_(2)O_(2)-induced cells.CONCLUSIONS:Sal B promoted the invasion and migration of H_(2)O_(2)-induced HTR-8/Svneo trophoblast cells by upregulating MMP-9 via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

熊果苷调节PI3K/Akt/GLUT1信号通路对胃癌细胞恶性进展的影响

目的 探讨熊果苷(Arb)调节磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶B/蛋白激酶B/葡萄糖转运蛋白1(PI3K/Akt/GLUT1)信号通路对胃癌细胞恶性进展的影响。方法 使用不同浓度(12.5、25、50、100、200、400 mol/L)Arb处理SNU-601细胞,检测细胞活性,筛选最佳浓度;将细胞分为对照组(Control组)、熊果苷低、中、高浓度组(L-Arb组、M-Arb组、H-Arb组)、熊果苷高浓度+PI3K/Akt激活剂组(H-Arb+740 Y-P组),分别检测细胞凋亡率、细胞周期、葡萄糖摄取、乳酸生成、ATP生成、细胞迁移数和细胞侵袭数;Western blot检测Bax、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3(cleaved-caspase3)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2)、p-PI3K、PI3K、p-Akt、Akt、GLUT1、HKⅡ蛋白表达。结果 12.5~400 mol/L的Arb可显著抑制SNU-601细胞增殖,选择50、100、200 mol/L的Arb进行后续实验。与Control组比较,L-Arb组、M-Arb组、H-Arb组细胞活性、葡萄糖摄取、乳酸生成、ATP生成、细胞迁移数、细胞侵袭数及Bcl-2、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、GLUT1、HKⅡ蛋白表达降低,细胞凋亡率和Bax、cleaved-caspase3蛋白表达增加(P<0.05);与H-Arb组比较,H-Arb+740 Y-P组细胞活性、葡萄糖摄取、乳酸生成、ATP生成、细胞迁移数、细胞侵袭数及Bcl-2、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、GLUT1、HKⅡ蛋白表达增加,细胞凋亡率和Bax、cleaved-caspase3蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。结论 Arb通过抑制PI3K/Akt/GLUT1信号通路抑制胃癌细胞恶性进展。

Mechanism of stilbene glycosides on apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells via regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the effects of stilbene glycoside(TSG)on okadaic acid-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells(SH-SY5Y)via the PI3K/AKT pathway.Methods:The optimal concentration of OA was screened by CCK-8 assay,and SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group,model group,TSG group,LY294002 group and LY294002+TSG group.The proliferation and apoptosis in each group were detected by CCK-8 and TUNEL assays;Western blotting method and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of PI3K,P-PI3K(Y607),AKT,P-AKT(Ser473),Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.The relative protein expression was represented by P-PI3K(Y607)/PI3K,P-AKT(Ser473)/AKT and Bcl-2/Bax gray ratio.Results:CCK-8 screened the optimal concentration of OA as 40 nmol/L.Compared with the control group,the model group increased relative cell viability,decreased apoptosis rate,the pathway and apoptotic proteins expression levels of P-PI3K(Y607)/PI3K,P-AKT(Ser473)/AKT and Bcl-2/Bax were decreased,and the mRNA expression levels of PI3K,AKT and Bcl-2 were decreased.Bax mRNA expression level increased(P<0.05);Compared with model group,TSG group increased relative cell viability,decreased apoptosis rate,increased protein expression levels of P-PI3K(Y607)/PI3K,P-AKT(Ser473)/AKT,Bcl-2/Bax,and increased mRNA expression levels of PI3K,AKT,and Bcl-2.Bax mRNA expression decreased(P<0.05),LY294002 group decreased relative cell viability,increased apoptosis rate,P-PI3K(Y607)/PI3K protein expression levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05),P-AKT(Ser473)/AKT and Bcl-2/Bax protein expression levels were significantly decreased,but there was no statistical significance,PI3K,AKT and Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels were decreased,and Bax mRNA expression levels were increased(all P<0.05);Compared with LY294002 group,LY294002+TSG group increased relative cell viability,decreased apoptosis rate,and the protein expression levels of P-PI3K(Y607)/PI3K,P-AKT(Ser473)/AKT and Bcl-2/Bax were increased.The mRNA expression levels of PI3K,AKT,Bcl-2 were increased,Bax was decreased(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Stilbene glycoside may alleviate okadaic acid-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by interfering with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,which in turn regulates the expression of apoptotic factors such as Bcl-2 and Bax.

PI3K-like Kinases Restrain Pim Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells

Pim kinases contribute to tumor formation and development of lymphoma,which shows enhanced DNA replication,DNA recombination and repair.Endothelial cells (ECs) express all the three members of Pim kinase gene family.We hypothesized that DNA repair gene would regulate Pim ex-pression in ECs.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were isolated and maintained in M199 culture medium.The cellular distribution of Pim-3 in ECs was determined by immunofluorescent staining.The siRNA fragments were synthesized and transfected by using Lipofectamine LTX.The total cellular RNA was extracted from the cells by using Trizol reagent.cDNAs were quantified by semi-quantity PCR.The effects of LY294002 and wortmannin on RNA stability in ECs were also ex-amined.Our data showed that LY294002 and wortmannin,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and PI3K-like kinase inhibitors,increased Pim mRNA expression in ECs without altering the mRNA stabil-ity.RNA interference (RNAi) targeting DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) increased mRNA expression of Pim-3 and Pim-1,respectively.Silencing of Akt decreased Pim-1 instead of Pm-2 and Pim-3 gene expression in ECs.But etoposide,a nucleoside analogue,which could activate DNA-PKcs and ATM,increased Pim expression in ECs.Our study indicates that the expression of Pim kinases is physiologically related to DNA-PKcs and ATM in ECs.

汉黄芩素调节磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶/核因子κB信号通路对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠辅助性T细胞17/调节性T细胞平衡的影响

目的探讨汉黄芩素(Wog)调节磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶(Akt)/核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠辅助性T细胞17(Th17)/调节性T细胞(Treg)平衡的影响。方法2022年8-12月,大鼠采用随机数字表法分为Model组、低剂量Wog组(Wog-L组,50 mg/kg)、高剂量Wog组(Wog-H组,100 mg/kg)、阳性药物氨茶碱组(Ami组,2.3 mg/kg)、IGF-1(PI3K激活剂)组(1.33 mg/kg)、Wog-H+IGF-1组(100 mg/kg+1.33 mg/kg)、对照组(CK组),每组12只。除CK组外,其他组大鼠均需利用烟熏法联合气管滴注脂多糖(LPS)的方法构建COPD模型,建模成功24 h后,进行给药处理,每天1次给药,持续4周。检测呼气峰流量(PEF)、每分钟通气量(MV)、吸气峰流量(PIF);流式细胞术检测外周血中Th17/Treg;HE染色检测肺组织病理;酶联免疫吸附法检测大鼠肺组织中白细胞介素(IL)-17、IL-10水平;蛋白质印迹法检测肺组织中维甲酸相关孤核受体γt(RORγt)、叉头框蛋白P3(Foxp3)、磷酸化PI3K(p-PI3K)、磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)、磷酸化NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)蛋白。结果与CK组比较,Model组大鼠PEF(12.56±0.47比8.72±0.39)、PIF(9.35±0.32比7.24±0.17)、MV(132.26±5.78比96.63±3.28)、Treg(31.18±2.62比15.52±1.01)比例、IL-10(23.35±1.16比8.85±0.27)明显降低(均P<0.05);Th17(3.14±0.13比18.86±1.67)比例、Th17/Treg(0.10±0.01比1.22±0.11)、肺泡间隔(33.36±1.48比49.78±1.73)、气道炎症评分(0比4.56±0.23)及IL-17(75.83±3.60比185.56±8.62)水平明显升高(均P<0.05)。与Model组比较,Wog-L组、Wog-H组PEF(9.66±0.40,11.49±0.51)、PIF(8.28±0.19,9.03±0.22)、MV(105.54±4.11,126.67±5.72)、Treg(19.93±1.18,27.73±2.05)比例、IL-10(11.56±0.33,20.72±0.59)水平明显升高(均P<0.05);Th17(3.14±0.13比18.86±1.67)比例、Th17/Treg(0.10±0.01比1.22±0.11)、肺泡间隔(43.45±1.26,35.78±1.12)、气道炎症评分(3.75±0.17,0.86±0.07)、IL-17(162.27±7.14,103.35±4.33)水平明显降低(均P<0.05)。与CK组比较,Model组大鼠RORγt(0.15±0.01比1.34±0.11)、p-PI3K(0.22±0.01比0.86±0.07)、p-Akt(0.18±0.01比0.75±0.06)、p-NF-κB p65(0.11±0.01比0.69±0.06)蛋白表达升高,Foxp3(1.45±0.27比0.35±0.02)蛋白表达降低(均P<0.05)。与Model组相比,Wog-L组、Wog-H组RORγt(1.08±0.10,0.36±0.02)、p-PI3K(0.71±0.06,0.35±0.03)、p-Akt(0.62±0.06,0.28±0.02)、p-NF-κB p65(0.52±0.05,0.26±0.02)蛋白表达明显降低,Foxp3(0.57±0.04,1.13±0.09)蛋白表达明显升高(均P<0.05)。Wog-H组与Ami组大鼠上述各指标水平近似,均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IGF-1逆转了高剂量Wog对COPD大鼠Th17/Treg的影响。结论Wog促进COPD大鼠Th17/Treg平衡的机制可能与下调PI3K/Akt/NF-κB通路有关。

黄连温胆汤通过PI3K/Akt通路对缺氧复氧诱导心肌细胞损伤作用机制

目的:探讨黄连温胆汤通过磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶(Akt)通路对缺氧复氧诱导心肌细胞损伤的作用机制。方法:构建缺氧复氧诱导的大鼠心肌细胞H9C2损伤模型,分为对照组、缺氧复氧组、黄连温胆汤低剂量组、黄连温胆汤中剂量组、黄连温胆汤高剂量组。CCK-8法检测H9C2细胞增殖。流式细胞术检测H9C2细胞凋亡。检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)、细胞上清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量。Western blotting检测细胞中Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达。结果:缺氧复氧组H9C2细胞OD 450值、SOD活性、Bcl-2、p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达均低于对照组,而细胞凋亡率、ROS平均荧光强度、MDA含量、Bax蛋白表达高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。黄连温胆汤低剂量组、黄连温胆汤中剂量组、黄连温胆汤高剂量组H9C2细胞OD 450值、SOD活性、Bcl-2、p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达高于缺氧复氧组,而细胞凋亡率、ROS平均荧光强度、MDA含量、Bax蛋白表达低于缺氧复氧组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:黄连温胆汤通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路减轻缺氧复氧诱导的H9C2细胞损伤。

正畸牙移动中脂联素调控PI3K/AKt信号通路对牙周组织改建的影响

目的探究正畸牙移动中脂联素(adiponectin,APN)调控磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(Phosphatidy linositol 3 kinase,PI3K)/蛋白质丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶(Protein serine threonine kinase,AKt)信号通路对牙周组织改建的影响。方法选取60只大鼠构建正畸牙移动模型并随机分为空白组、PBS组(注射PBS)、APN组(注射APN),以及APN+胰岛素生长因子1(Insulin growth factor 1,IGF-1)组(注射APN,同时给予PI3K/AKt通路激活剂IGF-1),每组15只。观察加力后1,7,14 d第1磨牙移动距离及破骨细胞数量,观察14 d时牙周组织形态,比较各组牙周组织PI3K、AKt mRNA表达及PI3K、p-PI3K、AKt、p-AKt蛋白表达。结果加力后7 d,14 d,APN组第1磨牙移动距离明显小于空白组(P<0.05),APN组新骨形成量及新骨矿化程度高于空白组、PBS组,APN组破骨细胞数量明显少于空白组(P<0.05)。APN组牙周组织PI3K、AKt mRNA及p-PI3K、p-AKt蛋白表达均明显低于空白组(P<0.05)。APN+IGF-1组PI3K、AKt mRNA及p-PI3K、p-AKt蛋白表达均明显高于APN组(P<0.05)。结论APN可降低正畸牙移动大鼠模型压力侧破骨细胞数量及牙移动速度,在延缓正畸牙移动牙周组织改建过程中具有重要作用,其机制可能是通过抑制PI3K/AKt信号通路实现。

结直肠癌肝转移患者白细胞介素-18、促肝再生磷酸酶蛋白3表达与PI3K及AKT蛋白的关系

目的探讨结直肠癌肝转移患者癌组织中白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、促肝再生磷酸酶蛋白3(PRL-3)表达与临床病理特征及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)、丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶B(AKT)蛋白水平的关系。方法选取2019年10月至2021年10月于上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院行同期切除术的85例结直肠癌肝转移患者(肝转移组)的癌组织样本及癌旁正常组织(距肿瘤切缘4 cm),以及同期65例未发生肝转移结直肠癌患者(未肝转移组)的癌组织为研究对象。免疫组织化学S-P法检测不同组织中IL-18、PRL-3阳性表达率,Western blot检测癌组织中PI3K、p-AKT相对表达水平,分析IL-18、PRL-3与患者临床病理的关系及其与PI3K、p-AKT表达的相关性。结果与未肝转移组比较,肝转移组TNM分期IV期、低分化程度比例较高(P<0.05)。肝转移患者癌组织中IL-18、PRL-3、PI3K、p-AKT蛋白阳性表达率高于其癌旁正常组织和未肝转移患者癌组织,且未肝转移患者癌组织中IL-18、PRL-3、PI3K、p-AKT蛋白阳性表达率高于肝转移患者癌旁正常组织(P<0.05)。相关性分析示,肝转移患者癌组织中IL-18、PRL-3表达与PI3K、p-AKT均呈正相关(P<0.05);未转移癌组织中IL-18表达与PI3K、p-AKT均呈正相关(P<0.05),PRL-3表达与p-AKT均呈正相关(P<0.05),且IL-18与PRL-3呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论IL-18、PRL-3可能通过激活PI3K/AKT信号通路从而参与结直肠癌肝转移过程。

抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路对MPP+处理的SH-SY5Y细胞自噬、凋亡及PD特征蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨抑制磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路对1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子(MPP+)处理的SH-SY5Y细胞自噬、凋亡及帕金森病(PD)特征蛋白α-突触核蛋白(α-syn)、酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)表达的影响。方法以MPP+、PI3K/Akt激活剂胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、PI3K/Akt抑制剂LY294002作用于人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞,CCK-8检测细胞存活率;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;吖啶橙(AO)染色检测自噬空泡;Western blot检测α-syn、TH、p62、微管相关蛋白1轻链3B(LC3B)、p-mTOR、mTOR、p-PI3K、PI3K、p-Akt、Akt蛋白水平。结果MPP+干预显著降低SH-SY5Y细胞存活率,且呈现剂量依赖性(P<0.05)。MPP+和IGF-1处理后SH-SY5Y细胞存活率降低,凋亡率增高(P<0.05);细胞中自噬空泡减少,LC3BⅡ/Ⅰ降低,p62蛋白水平增高(P<0.05);TH蛋白水平降低,α-syn蛋白水平增高(P<0.05);p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt与p-mTOR/mTOR增高(P<0.05)。LY294002对SH-SY5Y细胞的影响与MPP+和IGF-1相反,且LY294002可在一定程度上逆转MPP+对SH-SY5Y细胞的影响(P<0.05)。结论抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路可能对MPP+诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞毒性具有保护作用。

RIPK3介导的巨噬细胞M2型极化在结直肠癌肝转移中的研究

目的:探究受体相互作用丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶3(RIPK3)介导的巨噬细胞M2型极化在结直肠癌肝转移(CRLM)中的作用及其相关机制。方法:收集CRLM患者结肠肿瘤及其癌旁组织,对肿瘤组织进行病理分析。通过RT-qPCR法检测RIPK3、CD68、精氨酸酶-1(Arg-1)表达量。采集CRLM患者和结肠癌患者外周血,通过流式细胞术检测巨噬细胞分型,利用ELISA检测血清白介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、IL-4、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、IL-10含量。使用慢病毒将PLKRIPK3和PLK-NC转染至THP-1细胞,采用PMA/IL4诱导为M2型巨噬细胞,通过RT-qPCR和Western blotting检测两组细胞极化程度。将两组细胞分别与人结肠癌细胞系WiDr共孵育,检测WiDr细胞迁移、侵袭变化和结肠癌相关转移1(MACC1)、原癌基因MYC(c-MYC)表达情况。结果:CRLM患者结肠肿瘤病理结构符合肠腺癌肝转移。与癌旁组织相比,RIPK3在CRLM肿瘤组织表达降低,CD68、Arg-1表达增加。与结肠癌患者相比,CRLM患者外周血中富集更多的M2型巨噬细胞,血清中IL-4、TGF-β、IL-10含量增加,IL-1β、iNOS含量减少。与WiDr+PLK-NC-THP-1组相比,WiDr+PLK-RIPK3-THP-1组被诱导为M2型巨噬细胞的程度减少,对WiDr细胞的促迁移和侵袭能力降低,MACC1、c-MYC表达量减少。结论:RIPK3表达降低通过诱导巨噬细胞向M2型极化,促进结直肠癌细胞MACC1、c-MYC表达和肿瘤转移。

桃核承气汤对多囊卵巢综合征大鼠卵巢组织PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路的影响

目的探究桃核承气汤对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)大鼠卵巢组织磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶B(AKT)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路的影响。方法将96只雌性SD大鼠随机分为对照组,PCOS组,二甲双胍组,桃核承气汤低、中、高剂量组,每组16只;除对照组外,其余各组大鼠皮下注射脱氢表雄酮构建PCOS模型。造模成功后二甲双胍组大鼠给予0.1 g/kg二甲双胍灌胃,桃核承气汤低、中、高剂量组分别给予1.89、3.78、7.56 g/kg桃核承气汤灌胃,对照组和PCOS组灌胃等量生理盐水,1次/d,共28 d。血糖仪检测空腹血糖(FPG)水平,酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_(2))、睾酮(T)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);苏木素伊红染色观察大鼠卵巢组织病理学情况;荧光定量PCR和蛋白免疫印迹实验分别检测大鼠卵巢组织PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路相关分子mRNA和蛋白表达。结果与对照组相比,PCOS组大鼠卵泡体积增大,含卵泡液,且细胞间隙增大、黄体减少、泡膜细胞层增生,血清FSH、E_(2),卵巢组织中PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路mRNA和蛋白表达降低,LH、T、FPG、FINS及HOMA-IR水平升高(P<0.05);与PCOS组相比,二甲双胍组及桃核承气汤低、中、高剂量组大鼠卵泡体积减小、黄体数目增加、泡膜细胞层增生现象减轻,血清FSH、E_(2),卵巢组织中PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路mRNA和蛋白表达升高,LH、T、FPG、FINS及HOMA-IR水平降低(P<0.05);桃核承气汤低、中、高剂量组上述指标变化呈剂量依赖性,低、中剂量组与二甲双胍组差异有统计学意义,高剂量组与二甲双胍组差异无统计学意义。结论桃核承气汤可促进PCOS模型大鼠性激素恢复正常水平,抑制胰岛素抵抗,这可能与其促进PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路激活有关。

Electroacupuncture Pretreatment at Neiguan (PC 6) attenuates autophagy in rats with myocardial ischemia reperfusion through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA) pretreatment at Neiguan(PC6) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) in rats.METHODS: Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups(n = 10): sham operation group, model group(underwent in vivo myocardial I/R), EA pretreatment group [EA at Neiguan(PC 6) 1 week before I/R], wortmannin group(1 week before I/R, the PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin, was injected), EA pretreatment + wortmannin group(both pretreatments were performed simultaneously). After establishing the I/R model, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining was used to analyze the weight and area of the myocardial infarction tissue.The biosignal and pressure test system was used to determine the left ventricular systolic mean pressure(LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP), fractional shortening(FS), and ejection fraction(EF). Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to determine the expression of creatine kinase(CK)-MB, inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS), and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) in the serum. The expression of autophagy-related protein 13(ATG13), mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K) in cardiac muscle cells was determined by immunofluorescence. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe autophagy-related pathological changes in rat cardiomyocytes, and ultrastructural changes of cardiomyocytes were examined by transmission electron microscopy.RESULTS: In this study, the infarction size and tissue weight of the EA pretreatment group were decreased compared with the model group(P <0.0001). Furthermore, compared with the model group, the LVEDP values of the EA pretreatment group were significantly reduced(P = 0.0091), and the LVSP, FS, and EF values were slightly increased (P = 0.0007, 0.0020, 0.0031). EA pretreatment also significantly decreased the expression of CK-MB and i NOS, while it increased the expression of T-AOC in the serum of rats with I/R injury(P <0.0001). Furthermore, EA pretreatment slightly widened the myocardial fiber space, reduced necrosis and myocardial cell swelling and maintained the nucleus and mitochondria structure intact.CONCLUSION: EA pretreatment promoted autophagy flux and alleviated myocardial I/R injury through the PI3K-Akt-m TOR pathway.

基于PI3K/AKT信号通路探讨益气养阴活血利水方抑制早期糖尿病视网膜病变大鼠微血管周细胞凋亡的作用机制

目的观察益气养阴活血利水方对早期糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)大鼠视网膜微血管周细胞中磷酸肌醇3-激酶蛋白(phosphatidylinositol 3-kiases,PI3K)/丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(phospho-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase,AKT)信号通路相关因子表达的影响,探讨益气养阴活血利水方抑制早期DR视网膜微血管周细胞凋亡的作用机制。方法138只雄性SPF级SD大鼠随机分成空白组(等体积蒸馏水),模型组,羟苯磺酸钙组[150 mg/(kg·d)],益气养阴活血利水方低剂量组[6.2 g/(kg·d)]、中剂量组[12.4 g/(kg·d)]、高剂量组[24.8 g/(kg·d)],每组23只。除空白组外,各组均采用链佐脲菌素腹腔注射并维持10周高血糖状态,诱导早期DR大鼠模型。造模成功后给药4周,取大鼠眼球进行检测。采用HE染色观察视网膜病理变化,采用TUNEL染色检测大鼠视网膜微血管周细胞凋亡,采用免疫组织化学法及RT-PCR法检测PI3K、AKT、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl2-associated X protein,Bax)、胱天蛋白酶-8(cysteine aspartic acid specific protease-8,Caspase-8)、胱天蛋白酶-3(cysteine aspartic acid specific protease-3,Caspase-3)、细胞凋亡死亡激动剂BID蛋白(apoptotic death agonist BID protein,Bid)在视网膜微血管周细胞中的蛋白和mRNA表达水平。结果与空白组比较,模型组大鼠血糖显著升高(P<0.01),体质量显著降低(P<0.01),视网膜层次结构不清,各层细胞排列疏松,可见大量凋亡细胞,视网膜中PI3K、AKT mRNA表达水平下降(P<0.01),视网膜细胞凋亡数及Bax、Caspase-8、Caspase-3、Bid mRNA表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,益气养阴活血利水方中剂量、高剂量组大鼠血糖均降低(P<0.01);羟苯磺酸钙组、益气养阴活血利水方各剂量组大鼠体质量均升高(P<0.01);益气养阴活血利水方各剂量组大鼠视网膜组织层次结构较清楚,细胞排列相对紧密,视网膜微血管周细胞凋亡数下降(P<0.05);益气养阴活血利水方高剂量组大鼠视网膜微血管周细胞中PI3K、AKT蛋白和mRNA表达水平均明显升高(P<0.01),Bax、Caspase-8、Caspase-3、Bid蛋白和mRNA表达水平均明显下降(P<0.05)。结论益气养阴活血利水方可能通过调控PI3K/AKT信号通路,上调PI3K、AKT,下调Bax、Caspase-8、Caspase-3、Bid的表达,抑制早期DR大鼠视网膜微血管周细胞的凋亡,从而发挥其对早期DR视网膜微血管周细胞凋亡的保护作用。

Efficacy of self-made Gengnian decoction on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in perimenopausal rats

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of self-made Gengnian decoction on expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3 K),protein kinase B(Akt)and mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR)in ovarian tissues of perimenopausal rats.They were identified with symptom pattern of kidney-Yang deficiency in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine.METHODS:Female Sprague-Dawley rats aged10-12 months were selected.Estrous cycle was observed by vaginal smears of keratinocytes to screen the perimenopausal model rats.The chosen rats were randomly divided into five groups,including perimenopausal model of kidney-Yang deficiency group(24 rats),self-made Gengnian decoction of high-dose group(24 rats),self-made Gengnian decoction of middle-dose group(24 rats),self-made Gengnian decoction of low dose group(24 rats)and tibolone control group(24 rats).In addition,rats aged 4-6 months were selected as young control group.The perimenopausal model rats of kidney-Yang deficiency were prepared by alternative intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone 5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1The successfully prepared models in self-made Gengnian decoction of high-dose,middle-dose and low-dose groups and tibolone control group were given self-made Gengnian decoction 26.4,13.2 and 6.6 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,and tibolone tablets solvent 0.22 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,respectively,through intragastric administration.Models group and young control group were given the same dose of normal saline,1 time a day for 15 consecutive days.24 h after the last administration,blood and ovarian tissues were collected after anesthesia with 20%ethyl carbamate.The follicles of different levels in ovarian tissue were observed and counted by histopathological hematoxylin-eosin staining.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to test insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)level in the serum of experimental rats.The expression levels of PI3 K,phosphorylated-Akt(p-Akt)and phosphorylated-m TOR(p-m TOR)m RNA in ovarian tissue were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:The total follicle counts of perimenopausal model rats with kidney-Yang deficiency were significantly reduced,and the number of follicles(mainly increased in preantral follicles and antral follicles)in perimenopausal model rats with kidney-Yang deficiency was significantly increased after intervention of high and middle doses of Gengnian decoction and tibolone(P<0.05).Compared with normal rats in young control group,the levels of IGF-1 in serum of perimenopausal rats with kidney-Yang deficiency were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and those intervened by high dose of Gengnian decoction and tibolone were significantly up-regulated.The relative expression levels of PI3 K,p-Akt,p-m TOR m RNA in ovarian tissues of perimenopausal rats with kidney-Yang deficiency were significantly lower than those of young rats(P<0.01),and those intervened by high dose of Gengnian decoction and tibolone were significantly up-regulated(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Self-made Gengnian decoction can increase the levels of IGF-1,PI3 K,Akt and m TOR m RNA expression in serum.