Highly Active Sulfided NiPMo Hydrodesulfurization Catalyst Prepared from Keggin-type Phosphomolybdic Acid

A highly active sulfided NiPMo/MCM-41(NiPMo-S/M41)hydrodesulfurization(HDS)catalyst was successfully synthesized using Keggin-type phosphomolybdic acid as the phosphorus and molybdenum source and thioacetamide as the sulfur source.The supported catalysts NiPMo/M41,Ni_(2)P-Mo/M41,and Ni_(2)P/M41 were also prepared to investigate the effects of Mo,S,and the Keggin structure on the HDS performance.The HDS activities of NiPMo/M41 and NiPMo-S/M41 toward dibenzothiophene were much higher than that of Ni_(2)P-Mo/M41,demonstrating that the active phases in the Keggin-structured catalysts were significantly superior to the Mo-modified Ni_(2)P phase.The HDS activities of the catalysts followed the order NiPMo-S/M41(96.7%)>NiPMo/M41(89.9%)>Ni_(2)P-Mo/M41(53.5%)>Ni_(2)P/M41(48.9%).For Ni_(2)P/M41,Ni_(2)P-Mo/M41,and NiPMo/M41,cyclohexylbenzene(CHB)was formed in low concentrations(<21.0%),indicating that direct desulfurization was the favored reaction route and that this did not change for Keggin-structured NiPMo/M41.By contrast,the CHB selectivity of NiPMo-S/M41 increased to 44.6%,much higher than that of NiPMo/M41(17.6%),demonstrating that sulfidation enhanced the hydrogenation ability,which was ascribed to a metal-acid synergistic effect.

Ultra-deep oxidative desulfurization of fuel with H_2O_2 catalyzed by phosphomolybdic acid supported on silica

A highly active catalyst of phosphomolybdic acid ~HPMo） was prepared and applied in the catalytic oxidative desulfurization （CODS） system. The catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XPS and superconducting NMR. The influences of rn（catalyst）/m（oil）, V（H202）fV（oil）, reaction temperature and reaction time on the fractional conversion of benzothiophene （BT） and dibenzothiophene （DBT） were investigated. GC-MS and micra-coulometric methods were employed to investigate the reaction. The catalyst has high desulfurization activity in the removal of BT and DBT under mild conditions. The recycling experiments indicated that DBT and BT removal could still reach 95.2% and 95.7% after 10 cycles.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HYBRID PROTON CONDUCTING MEMBRANES OF POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) AND PHOSPHOMOLYBDIC ACID

Hybrid proton conducting membranes of poly（vinyl alcohol） （PVA） and phosphomolybdic acid （PMA） were prepared by solution casting method. The effect of PMA doping and PVA crosslinking density on the membrane properties and proton conductivity were investigated. The crosslinking reaction between the hydroxyl group of PVA and the aldehyde group of glutaraldehyde （GA） was characterized by IR spectroscopy. Proton conductivity of the membranes increases with an increase in concentration of the doped PMA and also with an increase in crosslinking density of the membranes. Proton conductivity results indicate that a significant amount of PMA was maintained in the membranes even after several hours of immersion in water. A maximum conductivity of 0.0101 S cm^-1 was obtained for the membrane with 33.3 wt% PMA and crosslinking density of 5.825 mol%. X-ray diffraction studies were carried out to investigate the influence of PMA doping and crosslinking density on the nature of the membranes. These properties make them very good candidates for polymer electrolyte membranes for direct methanol fuel cell application.

Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Sulfur Compound by Potassium Ferrate in the Presence of Phosphomolybdic Acid Catalyst

In this work, the removal of thiophene from simulated oil has been studied by using the adsorption, extraction and oxidation/adsorption methods, respectively. In the adsorptive desulfurization process, different commercial adsorbents were used to eliminate thiophene at ambient pressure and mild temperature, and the results showed that carbon powder had the best adsorption ability. In the extractive desulfurization process, the best desulfurization result was obtained when DMF is used. In the oxidative/adsorptive desulfurization procedure using synthesized potassium ferrate as the oxidant and phosphomolybdic acid solution as the catalyst, thiophene was oxidized and removed from hydrocarbons in combination with active carbon adsorption, and the residual sulfur content of simulated oil could be reduced to 15.3mg/L from the original level of 200mg/L, with the desulfurization rate reaching 92.3%.

A New Nanocatalytic Spectrophotometric Assay for Cationic Surfactant Using Phosphomolybdic Acid-Formic Acid-Nanogold as Indicator Reaction

In the pH 7.4 Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 buffer solution, the cationic surfactant （CS） interacted with nanogold particles （NG） to form NG aggregations （NGA） that resulted in its color changing from wine red to blue-violet. NG has a strong catalysis on the formic acid-phosphomolybdic acid （PMo） colored reaction, but that of the NGA catalysis is weak. With the increase of CS concentration, the NGA increased and the NG decreased, the catalysis decreased and the absorption value at 700 nm decreased linearly. The concentrations of 6.25-250 nmol/L tetradecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride （TDBAC）, 0.625-250 nmol/L cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTMAB） and 12.5 -500 nmol-L 1 dodecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride （DDBAC） had good linear responses to the decreased absorption value （AA70o nm）, with molar absorption coefficients of 2.2 × 106, 2.1 × 106 and 9 ×105 Lomol 1.cm 1 respectively. This method was simple, highly sensitive and low-cost.

Insight into the Alkali Resistance Mechanism of CoMnHPMo Catalyst for NH_(3) Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO

The existence of alkali metals in fl ue gases originating from stationary sources can result in catalyst deactivation in the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)).It is widely accepted that alkali metal poisoning causes damage to the acidic sites of catalysts.Therefore,in this study,a series of CoMn catalysts doped with heteropolyacids(HPAs)were prepared using the coprecipitation method.Among these,CoMnHPMo exhibited superior catalytic performance for SCR and over 95%NO_(x) conversion at 150-300.Moreover,it exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stability after alkali poisoning,demonstrating outstanding alkali metal resistance.The characterization indicated that HPMo increased the specifi c surface area of the catalyst,which provided abundant adsorption sites for NO_(x) and NH_(3).Comparing catalysts before and after poisoning,CoMnHPMo enhanced its alkali metal resistance by sacrifi cing Brønsted acid sites to protect its Lewis acid sites.In situ DRIFTS was used to study the reaction pathways of the catalysts.The results showed that CoMnHPMo maintained high NH_(3) adsorption capacity after K poisoning and then reacted rapidly with NO intermediates to ensure that the active sites were not covered.Consequently,SCR performance was ensured even after alkali metal poisoning.In sum-mary,this research proposed a simple method for the design of an alkali-resistant NH_(3)-SCR catalyst with high activity at low temperatures.

Synthesis of Pt/PMA-MIL-101 Catalyst and Its Performance in n-Heptane Isomerization

Hydroisomerization of n-heptane is an efficient method for producing gasoline with a high octane number.The focus of this study was to find a highly efficient catalyst that could both promote the conversion of n-heptane and inhibit the cracking side reaction.MIL-101(Cr)is a chromium-based metal-organic framework(MOF)with good hydrothermal stability,and exhibits a three-dimensional pore structure that is similar to that of zeolites.Using phosphomolybdic acid(PMA;H3PMo12O40·xH2O)can increase the number of Brønsted acid sites on MIL-101(Cr),which contributes to improving the catalytic performance during isomerization.In this study,0.4%Pt/PMA-MIL-101(Cr)catalyst was successfully crystallized at 220℃using a hydrothermal synthetic method.The results showed that the synthesized samples were mesoporousmicroporous composite materials with the typical octahedral structure,and the MIL-101(Cr)framework was not damaged following modification with PMA.It was found that 0.4%Pt30%PMA-MIL-101(Cr)exhibited the best performance for isomerization of n-heptane,with a conversion rate and selectivity at 260°C of 47.6%and 96.6%,respectively.After five hours of reaction,the conversion rate and selectivity of the catalyst remained above 38%and 80%,respectively.

Preparation and Visible-light Photochromism of Phosphomolybdic Acid/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Hybrid Film

The visible-light photochromic hybrid film was constructed by entrapping phosphomolybdic acid（PMoA） into polyvinylpyrrolidone（PVPd） networks. The microstructure, photochromic properties and mechanism were inves- tigated with transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, atomic force microscopy（AFM）, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible（UV-Vis） spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. The results in- dicate that the Keggin geometry of PMoA and the basic structure of PVPd are not destroyed during the composite process. Irradiated with visible light, the transparent PMoA/PVPd film changes color from colorless to blue and ex- hibits reversible photochromism in the presence of oxygen. According to the XPS analysis, the charge-transfer bridge of N-H-O has been built between PMoA and PVPd matrix via non-covalent bonding, and the appearance of Mo5＋ species indicates that the photo-reduction process is in accordance with the proton transfer mechanism.

Visible-light Photochromism of Phosphomolybdic Acid/ZnO Composite

A novel photochromic hybrid ZnO was synthesized by doping with phosphomolybdic acid（PMoA）. It could respond to visible light and fade in color when treated with hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）. The microstlucture and photochromic properties were investigated via X-ray diffraction（XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy（UV-Vis） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. The XRD patterns show that the prepared ZnO is pure and has a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The FTIR results demonstrate the existence of a strong interaction between PMoA and ZnO. Due to PMoA doping, the rough surface morphology of ZnO became smooth, as verified by the SEM images. The TEM images illustrate that pure ZnO exhibits a polycrystalline structure with irregular morphology PMoA was wrapped on the surface of ZnO. After visible-light irradiation, the composite changed from slight yellow to blue and returned to the original color in the presence of H2O2. The composite had good photosensitivity and photochromic reversibility. The photochromic process was in accord with photoinduced electrons transfer mechanism.

Synthesis,Characterization and Catalytic Properties of Mesoporous HPMo/SiO_2 Composite

A novel mesoporous HPMo/SiO2 composite was synthesized by the sol-gel method with triblock copolymer EO20PO70EO20 as template.The properties of the product were characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and inductively-coupled plasma analysis.The experimental results show that the product has a very ordered hexagonal mesostructure,and the HPMo is immobilized into the framework of silica.The final mesoporous composite shows excellent stability in polar solvents.Results of catalytic tests indicate that the composite is an effective catalyst for oxidation of dibenzothiophen,and there are few activity losses even after the third cycle of uses.The high catalytic activity and good insolubility make it a promising catalyst in oxidative desulfurization process.