Transport of Heavy Metals between Soil and Rice in the Jiulong River River Basin

Diet is one of the main pathways for heavy metals to enter the human body,so studying the content of heavy metals in agricultural products and evaluating them is of great significance.When farmland soil is contaminated with heavy metals,the heavy metals accumulated in the soil will be absorbed by the roots of rice plants growing on it,and will migrate and transform between different tissues and organs of rice plants.There is a significant correlation between heavy metal pollution in soil and the content of heavy metals in rice.The migration and enrichment of heavy metals in the agricultural soil rice system is a complex process that is influenced by many factors,such as the physical and chemical properties of the soil,the content and occurrence forms of heavy metals in the soil,and the physiological characteristics of rice plants.In actual field environments,these influencing factors have significant spatial differences and are relatively complex.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct practical analysis of the various influencing factors in actual field environments.Based on actual data analysis,studying the heavy metal content in rice and the characteristics of heavy metal accumulation and migration in rice plants is of great significance for improving the food safety of rice.

Impact of Seasons on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Tea Yields Based on Enriched Sheep Manure Used in Kericho, Kenya

Tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) is a perennial crop grown for beverage consumption. Its production is the leading foreign exchange earner in Kenya contributing about 26% foreign exchange and 4% GDP. Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are the recommended nutrients for tea production. However, their continuous use has been reported to have negative effect on soil physico-chemical properties and health. Sheep manure has been recommended in tea production for its soil pH buffering effect and increased tea yields. However, effects of sheep manure enriched with inorganic fertilizer on tea soils and yield have not been conclusively investigated. This study was established at KALRO—Tea Research Institute Kericho in Timbilil estate to determine the impact of seasonal variation on soil pysico-chemical properties and yields on enriched sheep manure used. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) experimental design was adopted with 14 treatments replicated thrice. The treatments were: control with no fertilizer use, NPK at 180 Kgs N/ha/yr, sheep manure only and two enriched sheep manure ratios of 4:1 and 8:1 which translates to a mixture of (4:1) 4 parts of sheep manure and 1 part of D.A.P inorganic fertilizer. Same applied to 8:1 ratio, respectively at rates of 60, 120, 180 and 240 Kgs N/ha once per year. Data were subjected to ANOVA in GenStat statistical package and means separated by Duncan’s multiple range tests at P ≤ 0.05 significance level. Results obtained showed that soil physico-chemical properties and tea yields were influenced significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by treatments applied. Soil available water and organic matter were higher on enriched sheep manure 4:1 at 240 rate used while soil porosity and bulk density were not significantly affected. Total N and P, increased with enriched sheep manure ratio of 4:1 at 240 rate while K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn and pH increased with sole application of sheep manure at rate 180 and enriched sheep manure 8:1 at 180 rate. Tea yields increased with enriched sheep manure 4:1 ratios at the rates of 240. The findings recommend enriched sheep manure 4:1 ratio at 240 rates to be adopted by tea farmers within Kericho region. Further studies involving different geographical locations are proposed.

Responses of soil enzymes to long-term CO_2 enrichment in forest ecosystems of Changbai Mountains

A study was conducted to determine the responses of soil enzymes （invertase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, and dehydrogenase） to long-term CO2 enrichment at the Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences （42°24＇N, 128°28＇E; 738 m in elevation） in the northeast China during 1999-2006. Three treatments of the CO2 enrichment, designed as 500 μmol·mol-1 CO2 open-top chamber （OTC）, ambient control chamber and unchambered field （approx. 370 μmol·mol^-1CO2）, were conducted with Pinus koraiensis and Pinus sylvestriformis tree species. Soil sampling was made and analyzed separately in spring, summer and autumn in 2006 after the soil enzymes were exposed to elevated CO2 concentration （500 μmol·mol^-1） for eight growing seasons. Results showed that, at elevated CO2 concentration （500 μmol·mol^-1）, the activities of invertase （except for the summer samples of P. koraiensis） presented a remarkable decline in all growing seasons, while the activities of dehydrogenase had an increase but only part of the results was remarkable; the activities of polyphenol oxidase in P. sylvestriformis rhizosphere showed a remarkable decrease; the catalase activities increased in spring, while in turn were decline in other seasons. This study also revealed that the soil enzyme activities are significantly correlated with the tree species under the CO2 enhancement.

Four years of free-air CO_2 enrichment enhance soil C concentrations in a Chinese wheat field

Elevated atmospheric CO2 can influence soil C dynamics in agroecosystems. The effects of free-air CO2 enrichment （FACE） and N fertilization on soil organic C （Corg）, dissolved organic C （DOC）, microbial biomass C （Cmic） and soil basal respiration （SBR） were investigated in a Chinese wheat field after expose to elevated CO2 for four full years. The results indicated that elevated CO2 has stimulative effects on soil C concentrations regardless of N fertilization. Following the elevated CO2, the concentrations of Corg and SBR were increased at wheat jointing stage, and those of DOC and Cmic were enhanced obviously across the wheat jointing stage and the fallow period after wheat harvest. On the other hand, N fertilization did not significantly affect the content of soil C. Significant correlations were found among DOC, Cmic, and SBR in this study.

An Assessment of Heavy-Metal Contamination in Soils within Auto-Mechanic Workshops Using Enrichment and Contamination Factors with Geoaccumulation Indexes

Soil characterization and heavy metals in different layers (0 - 15 cm;15 - 30 cm and 30 - 45 cm depth) of automobile mechanic waste dumps were studied. The soils showed remarkably high levels of all the metals above background concentrations with most (Ni, Cu, Fe, Cr and Cd) decreasing with soil depth. The distribution pattern were in the following order Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. Across all the sampling locations and profiles, Fe and Cd showed the highest (476.4 μg·g-1) and least (37.5 μg·g-1) mean concentrations respectively. Pollution load index (PLI) and index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) revealed overall high and moderate contamination respectively but the enrichment factors (EFs) for Pb Ni and Cd are severe. The inter-element relationship revealed the identical source of elements in the soils of the studied area. The accuracy of the results has been cheeked using the standard reference material;SRM (PACS-2). The mechanic waste dumps represent potential sources of heavy metal pollution to environment. The elevated levels of heavy metals in these soil profiles constitute a serious threat to both surface and groundwater.

Toxic metal enrichment characteristics and sources of arid urban surface soil in Yinchuan City, China

To investigate the environmental quality of the urban surface soil in Yinchuan City, the capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region （Ningxia）, China, we sampled surface soil and measured the concentrations of 8 toxic metals （Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Co, Bi, Ni and V） using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The enrichment characteristics and sources of these toxic metals in the soil were analyzed by the enrichment factor （EF） and multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that the mean concentrations of these toxic metals in the soil samples were 25.0, 109.1, 16.8, 26.0, 37.2, 2.7, 25.3 and 59.9 mg/kg for Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Co, Bi, Ni and V, respectively, which were 1.2, 1.8, 0.8, 0.4, 3.2, 8.7, 0.7 and 0.8 times of the corresponding background values of Ningxia soil, respectively. The variations of Pb, Zn, Co, Bi and Ni concentrations in the surface soil of Yinchuan were larger than those of the other metals. Our results also showed that the toxic metals investigated in the soil had different enrichment levels. Both Co and Bi were significantly enriched, whereas Cr was only moderately enriched in the soil. There was a deficiency or minimal enrichment of the other toxic metals in the soil. Source analysis results based on the concentration, enrichment characteristics and multivariate statistical analysis indicated that Cr, V and Ni originated from a combination of fossil fuel combustion, traffic pollution and natural occurrence. Pb, Cu and Zn were predominantly derived from natural and traffic sources, while Co and Bi primarily originated from construction sources.

Effect of rain enrichment on soil respiration of Nitraria sphaerocarpa community in a hyperarid area

In order to analyze the effect of rain enrichment on soil respiration rate of a Nitraria sphaerocarpa community, we measured soil respiration rate in bare and vegetated areas in a hyperarid area （Dunhuang） during the growing season. Results show that rain enrichment can increase bare and vegetated soil respiration rates. The more rainfall enrichment, the greater the increment and the longer duration time effect for soil respiration rate. 200% （16 mm） and 300% （24 mm） of rain enrichment can significantly increase bare soil respiration rates by 90% and 106% （P〈0.01）, respectively. By contrast, areas with 100% （8 mm）, 200% （16 mm） and 300% （24 mm） of rain enrichment can significantly increase shrub area respiration rates by 68%, 157% and 205% （P〈0.01）, respectively. The response time of bare and vegetated soil respiration to rainfall enrichment is asynchronous. Response variable of soil respiration in vegetated soil is higher （118%） than in bare soil. There was significant positive correlation between soil respiration rate and soil water content during the growing season （P〈0.01）. For every 1 mm increment of precipitation, soil respiration rate increased by 0.01 and 0.04 pmol/（m2.s）, respectively in vegetated and bare soils.

不同土壤调理剂对Cd污染稻田修复效果

为验证不同土壤调理剂在轻度Cd污染稻田的修复效果,本研究于2021年和2022年在湖北大冶连续开展田间小区试验,研究了20种土壤调理剂对水稻产量、糙米Cd含量、土壤pH、土壤有效态Cd含量的影响,并选取2021年试验中具有代表性的4种调理剂(有机类:P3、P4,无机类:P11、P12),探究其对Cd在土壤-植株中转运累积和在土壤中5种赋存形态转化的影响。两年的结果表明:与对照组相比,各调理剂处理后水稻产量变化幅度为-9.80%~20.09%,糙米Cd降幅为8.05%~79.57%,土壤pH提高了-0.01~1.13个单位,有效态Cd含量降低了4.79%~25.00%,且连续两年土壤pH值与有效态Cd含量均呈显著负相关关系。2021年试验中4种调理剂处理均能显著降低Cd从土壤到水稻根系的转运系数,且无机类调理剂(P11、P12)效果显著优于有机类(P3、P4);各类调理剂(P3、P4、P11、P12)处理使土壤中可交换态Cd和碳酸盐结合态Cd占比分别降低5.91~17.77个百分点和6.33~8.88个百分点;使土壤中Fe-Mn结合态Cd、有机结合态Cd和残渣态Cd占比分别增加3.47~16.31、0.80~6.50个百分点和4.82~7.05个百分点。有机类调理剂(P3、P4)倾向于将土壤中Cd向有机结合态Cd转化,无机类调理剂(P11、P12)则更倾向将土壤中Cd向Fe-Mn结合态Cd转化。研究表明,选取适宜的调理剂能够实现Cd污染耕地安全利用,推荐无机类P12调理剂(主要成分CaO≥28%)作为湖北大冶轻度Cd污染修复调理剂。

锑矿周边土-蔬金属元素富集特征与风险评估

为揭示不同锑矿废渣堆放区周围土壤-蔬菜系统中潜在有害重金属元素(PTEs)的富集特征及健康风险,该文以不同种类废渣堆场(锑矿废石、锑矿冶炼渣、锑矿尾砂)周围3处村落及在废渣共同影响下的琏溪河下游的1处村落为采样区,并以采样区域内的土壤-蔬菜系统为研究对象。运用统计学、迁移系数法和体外消化模拟法等方法对土壤和蔬菜样品中的Sb、As、Hg、Pb、Cd和Zn等6种PTE的富集特征及健康风险评估进行讨论。结果表明,6种PTEs在土壤中的平均含量均超过湖南省土壤背景值及风险筛选值。所有蔬菜样品对土壤PTEs的吸收能力弱,生物累积系数平均值低于0.12。蔬菜样品的PTEs中Pb、Cd、Zn的生物转移系数数值均超过1.0,易被蔬菜富集。4个采样区中,锑的暴露风险指数均大于1.0,对人体存在明显的健康风险。用于评价复合污染危害的指数HI在4个采样区均大于2.0,主要PTEs污染因子为Sb和Pb,复合污染已对人体存在健康风险。研究表明,4个采样区的土壤已受到多种PTEs的污染与富集,蔬菜对当地居民均存在健康风险,需要特别关注。

南丹县油茶土壤和植株中重金属含量分析

为了解南丹县油茶产地土壤和植株中重金属的分布和富集特征,以云水谷高山油茶产业核心示范区油茶林为研究对象,测定与分析土壤和油茶植株中的铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)和镉(Cd)含量。结果表明,土壤中5种重金属的平均含量为Cr(50.78 mg/kg)>Pb(14.29 mg/kg)>As(5.45 mg/kg)>Cd(0.39 mg/kg)>Hg(0.15 mg/kg);Cr、Pb、As和Hg的平均含量均低于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值;Cd的平均污染指数为1.30,属于轻度污染;土壤重金属综合污染指数为0.97,处于警戒级。不同重金属在油茶叶片、枝条和果实中的含量不同;Cr在叶片中含量较高;Pb、Cd、As和Hg均在枝条中含量较高;5种重金属在果实中均未被检出或含量较低。枝条对Cd的吸收能力强;叶片对Cd有一定的吸收能力;叶片和枝条对Pb、As和Hg均有一定的吸收能力,对Cr的吸收能力均较低;果实对5种重金属的吸收能力均较低。

汞矿周边农田蔬菜生物碳阻控汞富集和转运的效果

【目的】探究生物碳钝化汞污染土壤的效果。【方法】设置低、中、高3种汞污染土壤区,分别施加1000 kg/667 m^(2)生物碳,探讨瓜果、根茎类农田蔬菜生物碳阻控汞富集和转运效果。【结果】生物碳施加后,蔬菜对汞的转运表现为根部富集最高,向茎、叶、果实部位依次减弱,大小顺序为:丝瓜>豆角>茄子>辣椒>豇豆>黄瓜,富集系数分别降低了53.3%、20.6%、14.7%、10.5%和8%,豆角和豇豆阻控作用最为明显,而辣椒最弱;土壤汞含量会影响阻控效果,豆角、黄瓜、豇豆分别在低、中和高汞土壤中阻控效果最好,汞浓度对丝瓜影响最小。【结论】生物碳能针对不同蔬菜对汞的富集起到一定阻控作用,其结果可为钝化修复汞污染土壤的实际应用提供理论依据。

农田土壤—小麦系统重金属迁移特征和风险评估

冬小麦是中国主要的粮食作物之一,本研究旨在探讨豫北典型农田土壤和小麦籽粒中重金属的富集特征及其潜在风险,为小麦种植及籽粒安全质量提供科学依据。采集了豫北典型农田的土壤和小麦籽粒样本,测定了其中的铁、锰、锌、铜、铬、镍等元素的含量,并对重金属的污染及其生态风险进行评价。结果表明,土壤中重金属元素铁、锰、锌、铜、铬、镍平均含量分别为11397.33、287.83、23.33、7.41、31.41、8.56 mg/kg;元素之间多数呈显著正相关关系;铜、锌、铬、镍单项污染评价和综合污染评价均为清洁无污染。小麦籽粒中重金属元素铁、锰、锌、铜、铬、镍平均含量分别为30.42、61.75、23.17、1.52、0.28、0.16 mg/kg;少数元素之间呈显著正相关关系。铁、锌、铜含量低于小麦可耐受最高含量,锰含量高于小麦可耐受最高含量;铬元素综合污染评价为轻度污染,镍元素污染评价为清洁无污染。土壤—小麦系统中重金属之间存在协同或拮抗作用,小麦籽粒对土壤重金属的富集系数表现为锌>锰>铜>镍>铬>铁。可得出结论豫北农田土壤重金属污染风险程度较低。

不同物料富锰基质育秧对分蘖期水稻的降镉潜能与机制

我国稻米镉(Cd)超标问题较为严峻,培育富锰(Mn)秧苗具有降低水稻吸收Cd的潜力,但目前缺乏成熟的富Mn育秧基质。以泥炭(N)、蛭石(Z)、椰糠(Y)、黄泥(H)、有机肥(F)和稻壳炭(D)为基质原料,按照不同原料配比制备8种富Mn基质,以常规基质(60%泥炭+20%椰糠+20%蛭石,60N20Y20Z)为对照,比较研究各基质理化特征、秧苗生长及Mn浓度、移栽后水稻镉吸收转运规律,探讨富Mn基质对水稻的降镉潜能及相关影响因素。结果表明:各基质富Mn后全Mn含量比对照(369 mg·kg^(-1))提升了1.07~2.38倍,为764~1247 mg·kg^(-1),且基质全Mn含量与容重呈显著负相关,与其他理化参数关系不明显;不含黄泥的富Mn基质明显抑制秧苗生长,植株根系和茎叶干重较对照分别下降23.8%~50.1%和15.8%~39.2%,而含黄泥的富Mn基质则不影响水稻生长,甚至有促生作用;含黄泥富Mn基质的秧苗Mn吸收效率比对照高0.15~3.74倍,且黄泥占比越高,秧苗对Mn的吸收效率越高;反之,不含黄泥的富Mn基质则不利于秧苗对Mn的吸收;因此,40%泥炭+20%椰糠+20%蛭石+20%黄泥(40N20Y20Z20H)富Mn基质处理中秧苗根系和茎叶Mn浓度最高;秧苗移栽后,富Mn基质40N20Y20Z20H育秧处理使分蘖期水稻根部和地上部Cd浓度分别下降16.0%和39.6%,且根部Cd向地上部的转运系数降低27.5%。富Mn基质40N20Y20Z20H育秧配合基施石灰可使水稻地上部Cd浓度进一步下降65.8%;结构方程模型(SEM)结果显示,水稻根部Mn浓度对根系Cd吸收和转运均有抑制作用,从而影响了水稻地上部Cd浓度。40%泥炭+20%椰糠+20%蛭石+20%黄泥富Mn基质对促进水稻生长和降低Cd吸收的效果较好,具有较好的田间应用前景。

腾冲火成岩分布地区流域重金属元素迁移富集规律

环境中的重金属污染一般与人类活动有关,但流域内自然来源的重金属影响也不容忽视。火成岩分布地区的地质高背景往往含有较高的过渡金属元素,其中以Cr、Ni、Cu含量较高,主要赋存在流域内的土壤和沉积物中,其对流域生态环境会造成持续性危害。为了解火成岩地区土壤和沉积物的重金属元素的迁移富集规律,为治理环境污染,保护人类生活环境提供一定意义的科学认识和参考依据。本研究以云南腾冲火成岩分布地区的龙川江和沙河两个流域为研究对象,系统采集基岩、土壤和沉积物样品进行研究。结果表明:两个流域内沉积物和土壤的矿物组成主要有石英、长石、黏土矿物及少量碳酸盐,风化过程中随长石的减少,黏土类矿物显著增加,重金属元素也随黏土矿物的增加而富集,Cr、Ni在土壤中富集,与总黏土矿物含量呈线性关系(Cr:R^(2)=0.3817;Ni:R^(2)=0.5797),沉积物中Cr、Ni、Zn、Pb含量与高岭石、云母和伊利石混层的含量呈线性关系(R^(2)=0.43~0.72)。重金属Cu、Zn、Pb在沉积物中富集,其传质系数在龙川江沉积物中与高岭石、云母和伊利石混层的含量呈线性关系(R^(2)=0.58~0.79)。黏土类矿物对重金属元素的富集和迁移具有重要作用。

污泥共热解制备污泥基生物炭及其在土壤回用中的改良效益

随着全球污泥产量的快速增长,对其的资源化处置是亟待解决的现实问题.相较于传统的填埋以及新型的焚烧工艺,污泥热解可实现污泥的无害化、减量化并生成具有土壤改良潜力的污泥基生物炭,是污泥处理的一种较优选择.本文以市政污泥为研究对象,全面综述了污泥不同热解方法对生成污泥基生物炭的物化性质和其对土壤改良效应的影响,重点介绍了污泥中磷和重金属在不同热解工艺中的迁移转化机制,污泥基生物炭对土壤物化性质的影响机理、对污染土壤的修复机制、对土壤中微生物和微生物酶等的作用机制.通过以上分析,能够以此为理论支撑指导制备具有定向改良土壤功能的污泥基生物炭.本综述将有助于污泥定向热解制备污泥基生物炭的进一步发展,为污泥基生物炭土壤改良提供理论参考和支持.

朔州东部农田土壤–农作物重金属富集及健康风险评价

为研究重金属在农田土壤-作物之间的累积性及人群健康风险,采用富集因子(EF)、地累积指数(I_(geo))和潜在生态危害指数(RI)等指标对山西省朔州市东部三县市(山阴县、应县、怀仁市)131个样点农田土壤-作物系统(玉米、高粱和大豆)中重金属的含量、来源及富集程度进行调查,并采用EPA推荐的风险评估模型对人群健康风险进行了评估.结果表明:1)研究区土壤中8种重金属(Cd、Cr、As、Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni)含量均未超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 15618—2018)中农用地土壤污染风险筛选值;而Cr、Hg、Pb的平均含量分别是研究区背景值的1.20倍、6.26倍和1.33倍.2)研究区土壤中Hg元素为显著富集,其余重金属无富集.地累积指数分级结果表明,土壤中Hg呈中度污染,其余为无污染.潜在生态危害指数结果表明研究区为中度污染水平.3)主成分分析结果表明,研究区Ni、Cr、Zn、Cu主要来源于“自然来源”,Hg主要来源于“直接工业源”,As、Pb主要来源于“大气沉降-工业源”,而Cd主要来自“农业来源”.4)8种重金属对儿童的非致癌风险高于成人.研究区Pb对儿童和成人均无致癌风险,Cd和As对儿童和成人的致癌风险均处于可接受范围内,而Cr、Ni是主要致癌风险因子.

C_4作物FACE(free-air CO_2 enrichment)研究进展

持续迅速上升的大气二氧化碳浓度([CO2])是全球变暖最大的驱动因子,但其作为光合作用底物直接增加了作物的生产力。相比C3作物,人们对未来高浓度CO2情形下C4作物的响应规律认识较少。与封闭或半封闭气室研究相比,FACE(free-airCO2 enrichment)试验在空气自由流动的大田条件下对作物表现进行研究,它提供了对未来作物生长环境的真实模拟,因此提供了评估CO2肥料效应以及揭示植物响应机制的最好机会。作为人类重要的粮食和饲料来源,高粱和玉米是最重要的C4作物。在简介美国玉米和高粱FACE系统的基础上,综述了FACE情形下高浓度CO2(模拟本世纪中叶大气CO2浓度,即550μmol/mol)对两大作物生理、生长和产量以及土壤特性等方面的影响,同时比较了与气室研究结果的异同点。(1)FACE使干旱条件下两作物光合作用显著增强,但湿润条件下没有影响;FACE条件下高粱出现光合适应现象,而玉米没有;(2)FACE使两作物气孔导度大幅下降,导致叶温升高、蒸腾速率下降、蒸发蒸腾总量减少或没有变化、叶片总水势和水分利用效率增加或没有变化;(3)FACE对两作物物候期和化学组分影响很少;(4)FACE使干旱条件下两作物生长和产量略有增加,但湿润条件下没有影响;(5)FACE使高粱田土壤丛枝状菌根真菌的长度和易提取胶状物质浓度显著增加,导致水稳性土壤团聚体增加;FACE对高粱田N2O或含氮气体(N2O+N2)的排放没有影响;(6)高浓度CO2对两作物气孔导度的影响FACE试验明显大于气室试验,而对生长和产量的影响呈相反趋势。阐明CO2与基因型、土壤湿度和大气温度间的互作效应及其机制是下一轮C4作物FACE研究优先考虑的方向,技术的不断进步已为利用大型FACE系统来研究这些互作效应提供了可能。

细辛、土壤中重金属含量测定及生态风险评估

选取6片种植地的细辛及土壤作为研究对象,通过比较电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)测As、Hg,全自动汞分析仪测Hg,原子荧光光度仪(AFS)测As的实验结果,确定Hg的测定采用全自动汞分析仪,As的测定采用AFS。Pb、Cd、Cu、Cr选用ICP-MS进行测定,计算细辛对重金属元素的富集系数,并对土壤中6种重金属元素进行生态风险评估。结果显示,12批细辛除Cd外,Pb、As、Cu、Cr、Hg均符合药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准;Cd实测值为(2.02±0.47)mg/kg,超标程度573%,富集系数为9.14±3.24;Cr的富集系数为1.31±0.69。6片细辛种植地土壤潜在生态风险系数(E_(r)^(i))均低于40,潜在生态风险指数(RI)均低于150,属于轻微污染。Cd的土壤污染最为严重,针对Cd污染的土壤治理及修复成为迫切需要解决的问题。

As和Ni超标矿山土壤对不同桑树品种生长及根际微生物多样性的影响

闭库尾矿库土壤生态修复及土地再生利用,不仅避免了随意排放风险,还能增加土地使用面积。桑树根系旺盛,抗逆性强,生物量大,用途广泛,在矿山重金属超标土壤修复和再利用中具有巨大潜力。本研究采用原土盆栽法比较3个桑树品种(Y120、G12和G62)一年生幼苗在矿区砷(As)和镍(Ni)复合污染土壤中种植60 d后的生长情况,以及桑树不同部位对As和Ni的富集差异,同时采用宏基因组分析桑树根际土壤微生物的差异,初步阐明不同桑树品种对As和Ni复合污染矿山土壤的适应能力及与其根际土壤微生物多样性间的关系。结果表明:种植60d后,3个桑树品种根际土壤Ni的污染指数均从种植前的中度降为轻度,G62根际土壤As的污染指数则从重度污染降为中度污染。3个桑树品种的地上部分和根系生长部分均受到抑制,但G62的生长总体优于Y120和G12,G12生长较差。3个桑树品种对As的转运系数和富集系数均小于Ni,对As的富集能力为根>叶>茎,根部积累As的量占植株总量的47.33%~50.52%,品种间差异较小,但对Ni的富集能力则在不同品种间存在差异,G12、G62、Y120根部Ni积累量占植株总量依次为25.67%、38.46%和47.14%,品种间差异较大。生长较好的G62根际土壤中Nocardioides、Thiomonas和Rhizobium 3个属的丰富度显著高于G12和Y120,其中Thiomonas sp.在G62中丰富度最高,结合G62根际土壤As的污染指数下降较多的事实,说明这些属和种可能更多地参与桑树根际对As的阻隔吸收或解毒。Sphingopyxissp.在G12中丰富度最高,该品种在体内转移和富集的As和Ni均最低,可能与其更多地参与桑树对As和Ni复合污染的解毒有关。研究结果为筛选出适宜矿区生长的抗复合重金属的桑树品种及可促进桑树在As和Ni复合污染矿山土壤生长的菌株筛选和利用奠定基础。

不同土壤改良剂对水稻吸收和积累镉的影响

探究不同市售土壤改良剂在镉(Cd)污染稻田中的应用效果,保障水稻的安全生产。选用6种市售土壤改良剂(“特贝钙”、“土沃宝”“鲁西”“康源邦尔”“育壤康”、“初养”),在Cd中度污染稻田中开展田间试验,测定了土壤理化性质,有效态Cd含量,水稻各器官中Cd含量以及水稻产量。结果表明:施用土壤改良剂后土壤pH平均提高0.22个单位,碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质分别平均提高7.27%、7.44%、7.39%、2.99%;水稻株高、穗重、千粒重和产量分别平均提高4.72%、4.54%、3.50%、4.26%;土壤有效态Cd含量显著下降0.17mg/kg,降幅为36.59%,糙米Cd含量显著下降57.72%。供试的6种市售土壤改良剂对于Cd中度污染农田中水稻产量的增加有一定的效果,对吸收和积累Cd具有明显的抑制作用,其中“土沃宝”土壤改良剂在降低土壤有效态Cd和糙米中的Cd含量作用效果最好,可进行推广应用。