Agricultural robotics is a comparatively new field. Recently, it has gotten special attention because of agricultural labor shortages and rising labor costs. With the increasing operational use of agricultural robots,...Agricultural robotics is a comparatively new field. Recently, it has gotten special attention because of agricultural labor shortages and rising labor costs. With the increasing operational use of agricultural robots, the need for a dedicated robotic simulator for such activity has been noted here. The need of a dedicated and specialty simulator for agricultural robotics research is the main focus area of this paper. Moreover, limitations have been pointed out when conventional robot simulators are used directly in agricultural settings. In a nutshell, it has been tried to emphasize that a dedicated simulator for agricultural robotics would be a timely advance and would accelerate the growth of agricultural robots.展开更多
Photochemical oxidation of thiophene in n-octane/water extraction system using O2 as oxidant was studied. The reaction mechanism ofthiophene oxidation was proposed. Results obtained here can be used as the reference f...Photochemical oxidation of thiophene in n-octane/water extraction system using O2 as oxidant was studied. The reaction mechanism ofthiophene oxidation was proposed. Results obtained here can be used as the reference for the oxidative desulfurization of gasoline because thiophene is one of the main components containing sulfur in fluid catalytic cracking gasoline. Thiophene dissolved in n-octane was photodecomposed and removed into the water phase at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. A 500 W high-pressure mercury lamp （main wave length 365 nm, 0.22 kW/m） was used as light source for irradiation, and air was introduced by a gas pump to supply O2. Thiophene can be photo-oxidized to sulfone, oxalic acid, SO4^2-, and CO2. The desulfurization yield of thiophene in n-octane is 58.9% under photo-irradiation for 5 h under the conditions of air flow at 150 mL/min and V（water）：V（n-octane）=1：1. It can be improved to 92.3% by adding 0.15 g zeoliteartificial into 100 mL reaction system, which is the adsorbent for O2 and thiophene. And under such conditions, the photo-oxidation kinetics of thiophene with O2/zeoliteartificial is first-order with an apparent rate constant of 0.5047 h^-1 and a half-time of 1.37 h. The sulfur content can be depressed from 800 μL/L to less than 62 μL/L.展开更多
The effects of three organic colorants on photo-initiated crosslinking and photo-oxidation degradation of polyethylene (PE) samples irradiated by microwave excited (MWE) UV lamp in the melt and the related mechanism h...The effects of three organic colorants on photo-initiated crosslinking and photo-oxidation degradation of polyethylene (PE) samples irradiated by microwave excited (MWE) UV lamp in the melt and the related mechanism have been studied by gel content and thermal extension rate determinations,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),mechanical property tests,UV spectroscopy,and light microscope.The data from the gel content and thermal extension rate determinations of photo-crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) sample...展开更多
The photo-dissociation dynamics of LiF is investigated with newly constructed accurate ab initio potential energy curves （PECs） using the time-dependent quantum wave packet method. The oscillations and decay of the ...The photo-dissociation dynamics of LiF is investigated with newly constructed accurate ab initio potential energy curves （PECs） using the time-dependent quantum wave packet method. The oscillations and decay of the wave packet on the adiabats as a function of time are given, which can be compared with the femtosecond transition-state （FTS） spectroscopy. The photo-absorption spectra and the kinetic-energy distribution of the dissociation fragments, which can exhibit the vibration-level structure and the dispersion of the wave packet, respectively, are also obtained. The investigation shows a blue shift of the band center for the photo-absorption spectrum and multiple peaks in the kinetic-energy spectrum with increasing laser intensity, which can be attributed to external field effects. By analyzing the oscillations of the wave packet evolving on the upper adiabat, an approximate inversion scheme is devised to roughly deduce its shape.展开更多
A new environmentally friendly photo-acid generator（PAG）, 1-{4＇-[4,6-bis（trichloromethyl）-1,3,5-triazin- 2-yl] [ 1, 1＇-biphenyl]-4-yl}-O-acetyloxime ethanone（TZ4） consisting of both an oxime ester group and a ...A new environmentally friendly photo-acid generator（PAG）, 1-{4＇-[4,6-bis（trichloromethyl）-1,3,5-triazin- 2-yl] [ 1, 1＇-biphenyl]-4-yl}-O-acetyloxime ethanone（TZ4） consisting of both an oxime ester group and a triazine group was designed and synthesized. From the measurements of absorption, fluorescence and the photo-acid generation, it was found that the novel PAG has an excellent radical-generating efficiency. And the other three bis-（trichloromethyl） triazine derivatives 2-[2-（4-methoxyphenyl）ethenyl]-4,6-bis（trichloromethyl）-l,3,5-triazine（TZ1）, 2-[2-（3,4-dimethoxyphenyl）ethenyl]-4,6-bis（trichloromethyl）-1,3,5-triazine（TZ2） and 2-（1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl）-4,6-bis（trichloromethyl）-1,3,5-triazine（TZ3） were synthesized and studied in this work. In the acid measurement, the acid-forming performance of S-triazinyl derivatives was evaluated by the method ascertained in our laboratory. The results indicate that the novel triazine has the better acid-forming performance that subsequently catalyzes the deblocking of a protecting group in copolymers.展开更多
Crosslinking is one of the effective routes for improving the orientation stability of poled polymer films. The derivative of polyvinyl alcohol containing 4-nitro-4'-alkoxystilbene and photo-crosslinkable cinnamyl...Crosslinking is one of the effective routes for improving the orientation stability of poled polymer films. The derivative of polyvinyl alcohol containing 4-nitro-4'-alkoxystilbene and photo-crosslinkable cinnamyl groups as side chains has been synthesized. The in-situ simultaneous photo-crosslinking poling of synthesized polymer films has teen performed, The second order nonlinear optical coefficient d(33) of poled film is 11 pm/V. The SHG measurements show that the break-over temperature of SHG signal is raised obviously after irradiation, its orientation stability is doubled as compared with that of non-crosslinking samples.展开更多
Preparation and photo-patterning characteristics of organic-inorganic hybrid thin film containing latent pigment by using photo-acid-generator (PAG) and microwave irradiation have been investigated. The acrylic thin f...Preparation and photo-patterning characteristics of organic-inorganic hybrid thin film containing latent pigment by using photo-acid-generator (PAG) and microwave irradiation have been investigated. The acrylic thin film modified with methoxysilane containing PAG was formed on a glass substrate and irradiated with ultraviolet rays to promote sol-gel reaction by catalytic action of acid which was generated from PAG. And then the film was hardened with microwave irradiation, yielding organic-inorganic hybrid polymer film having hardness, highly transparency and strong adhesion with a glass substrate. Since this reaction only occurred in the optically (UV) irradiated regions, by exploiting the difference between the adhesivenesses of these regions photo-irradiated through photomask with a glass substrate, it was possible to form a patterned film with pitch of 100 to 50 μm by a simple lift-off method. A pigment-containing film using latent pigments (with subtractive three primary colors of coloring materials) and a patterned film were prepared, and it was possible to make these films multi-colored by varying the mixing ratio of the pigments. This multi-colored film-preparation method is effective for simply and efficiently forming a color-filter film by applying optical and microwave irradiation.展开更多
文摘Agricultural robotics is a comparatively new field. Recently, it has gotten special attention because of agricultural labor shortages and rising labor costs. With the increasing operational use of agricultural robots, the need for a dedicated robotic simulator for such activity has been noted here. The need of a dedicated and specialty simulator for agricultural robotics research is the main focus area of this paper. Moreover, limitations have been pointed out when conventional robot simulators are used directly in agricultural settings. In a nutshell, it has been tried to emphasize that a dedicated simulator for agricultural robotics would be a timely advance and would accelerate the growth of agricultural robots.
基金Science and Technology Development Planning Foundation of Jilin Province, China(No.20030405)
文摘Photochemical oxidation of thiophene in n-octane/water extraction system using O2 as oxidant was studied. The reaction mechanism ofthiophene oxidation was proposed. Results obtained here can be used as the reference for the oxidative desulfurization of gasoline because thiophene is one of the main components containing sulfur in fluid catalytic cracking gasoline. Thiophene dissolved in n-octane was photodecomposed and removed into the water phase at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. A 500 W high-pressure mercury lamp （main wave length 365 nm, 0.22 kW/m） was used as light source for irradiation, and air was introduced by a gas pump to supply O2. Thiophene can be photo-oxidized to sulfone, oxalic acid, SO4^2-, and CO2. The desulfurization yield of thiophene in n-octane is 58.9% under photo-irradiation for 5 h under the conditions of air flow at 150 mL/min and V（water）：V（n-octane）=1：1. It can be improved to 92.3% by adding 0.15 g zeoliteartificial into 100 mL reaction system, which is the adsorbent for O2 and thiophene. And under such conditions, the photo-oxidation kinetics of thiophene with O2/zeoliteartificial is first-order with an apparent rate constant of 0.5047 h^-1 and a half-time of 1.37 h. The sulfur content can be depressed from 800 μL/L to less than 62 μL/L.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20704040).
文摘The effects of three organic colorants on photo-initiated crosslinking and photo-oxidation degradation of polyethylene (PE) samples irradiated by microwave excited (MWE) UV lamp in the melt and the related mechanism have been studied by gel content and thermal extension rate determinations,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),mechanical property tests,UV spectroscopy,and light microscope.The data from the gel content and thermal extension rate determinations of photo-crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) sample...
基金the International Cooperation Program for Excellent Lectures of 2008 by Shandong Provincial Education Department,Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11074151)Fundao para a Ciência e a Tecnologia,Portugal
文摘The photo-dissociation dynamics of LiF is investigated with newly constructed accurate ab initio potential energy curves （PECs） using the time-dependent quantum wave packet method. The oscillations and decay of the wave packet on the adiabats as a function of time are given, which can be compared with the femtosecond transition-state （FTS） spectroscopy. The photo-absorption spectra and the kinetic-energy distribution of the dissociation fragments, which can exhibit the vibration-level structure and the dispersion of the wave packet, respectively, are also obtained. The investigation shows a blue shift of the band center for the photo-absorption spectrum and multiple peaks in the kinetic-energy spectrum with increasing laser intensity, which can be attributed to external field effects. By analyzing the oscillations of the wave packet evolving on the upper adiabat, an approximate inversion scheme is devised to roughly deduce its shape.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20876180)
文摘A new environmentally friendly photo-acid generator（PAG）, 1-{4＇-[4,6-bis（trichloromethyl）-1,3,5-triazin- 2-yl] [ 1, 1＇-biphenyl]-4-yl}-O-acetyloxime ethanone（TZ4） consisting of both an oxime ester group and a triazine group was designed and synthesized. From the measurements of absorption, fluorescence and the photo-acid generation, it was found that the novel PAG has an excellent radical-generating efficiency. And the other three bis-（trichloromethyl） triazine derivatives 2-[2-（4-methoxyphenyl）ethenyl]-4,6-bis（trichloromethyl）-l,3,5-triazine（TZ1）, 2-[2-（3,4-dimethoxyphenyl）ethenyl]-4,6-bis（trichloromethyl）-1,3,5-triazine（TZ2） and 2-（1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl）-4,6-bis（trichloromethyl）-1,3,5-triazine（TZ3） were synthesized and studied in this work. In the acid measurement, the acid-forming performance of S-triazinyl derivatives was evaluated by the method ascertained in our laboratory. The results indicate that the novel triazine has the better acid-forming performance that subsequently catalyzes the deblocking of a protecting group in copolymers.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Crosslinking is one of the effective routes for improving the orientation stability of poled polymer films. The derivative of polyvinyl alcohol containing 4-nitro-4'-alkoxystilbene and photo-crosslinkable cinnamyl groups as side chains has been synthesized. The in-situ simultaneous photo-crosslinking poling of synthesized polymer films has teen performed, The second order nonlinear optical coefficient d(33) of poled film is 11 pm/V. The SHG measurements show that the break-over temperature of SHG signal is raised obviously after irradiation, its orientation stability is doubled as compared with that of non-crosslinking samples.
文摘Preparation and photo-patterning characteristics of organic-inorganic hybrid thin film containing latent pigment by using photo-acid-generator (PAG) and microwave irradiation have been investigated. The acrylic thin film modified with methoxysilane containing PAG was formed on a glass substrate and irradiated with ultraviolet rays to promote sol-gel reaction by catalytic action of acid which was generated from PAG. And then the film was hardened with microwave irradiation, yielding organic-inorganic hybrid polymer film having hardness, highly transparency and strong adhesion with a glass substrate. Since this reaction only occurred in the optically (UV) irradiated regions, by exploiting the difference between the adhesivenesses of these regions photo-irradiated through photomask with a glass substrate, it was possible to form a patterned film with pitch of 100 to 50 μm by a simple lift-off method. A pigment-containing film using latent pigments (with subtractive three primary colors of coloring materials) and a patterned film were prepared, and it was possible to make these films multi-colored by varying the mixing ratio of the pigments. This multi-colored film-preparation method is effective for simply and efficiently forming a color-filter film by applying optical and microwave irradiation.
