The photo-aging behavior of microplastics(MPs)in natural environment has become a global concern.The ultraviolet radiation has enough energy to change the polymer structure and physicalchemical properties of MPs.Less ...The photo-aging behavior of microplastics(MPs)in natural environment has become a global concern.The ultraviolet radiation has enough energy to change the polymer structure and physicalchemical properties of MPs.Less attention has focused on the interactions of the photo-aged polar and biodegradable MPs with organic pollutants.This work investigated the structural properties of aged polar polyamide(PA)MPs and biodegradable polylactic acid(PLA)MPs exposed to ultraviolet irradiation and their adsorption behavior and mechanism for neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid(IMI).The results showed that the MPs had extensive changes in surface morphology and chemical properties after photo-aging.The C–N bond of PA MPs was disrupted to form more carbonyl groups.The oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of aged PLA MPs were broken and generated relatively smaller molecules.The adsorption capacity of IMI on PA MPs decreased by 19.2%,while the adsorption capacity of IMI on PLA MPs increased by 41.2%after photo-aging.This depended on the natural structure of the MPs and their ability to absorb ultraviolet light.The electrostatic interactions,hydrogen bonds,van der Waals interactions,and polar-polar interactions were the main adsorption mechanisms of IMI on MPs.High initial solution pH and low ionic strength favored the adsorption of IMI by altering charge distribution on the MPs surface.The formation of the humic acid-IMI complexes decreased the concentration of IMI in the water phase and further decreased the adsorption on MPs.These results are enlightening for a scientific comprehension of the environmental behavior of the polar MPs.展开更多
Background: Phototherapy of photoaged skin has been attempted by lasers or intense pulsed light at the visible or near-infrared part of the spectrum. The use of red Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) delivering a low dose en...Background: Phototherapy of photoaged skin has been attempted by lasers or intense pulsed light at the visible or near-infrared part of the spectrum. The use of red Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) delivering a low dose energy to the skin has been described for office and home use. Methods: In the present study, a portable home-use device is presented that combines fractional non-thermal red LED with mild contact heating. Forty subjects aged 30 - 55 presenting with facial lax skin, large pores, fine lines, wrinkles and brown pigmentation received 8 bi-weekly treatments for 4 weeks, using the Silk’n Reju/FaceFX device (Home Skinovations, Yokneam, Israel). Skin condition was evaluated before and 1, 2, and 3 months following the last treatment session. Grading of outcome was done according to an independent blinded evaluator and patient satisfaction. Results: Facial skin improvement of wrinkling and skin texture were apparent immediately and scored clinically after 3 months as excellent and considerable by >90% of patients. Pigmentation improvement was less apparent. Overall facial skin improvement was noted by 77% of patients. Conclusions: The combination of fractional red LED and mild contact heating, using an at home portable device, proved to be safe and effective method to improve the quality of photoaged skin.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: The skin interacts strictly with the surrounding environment. Despite an efficient system of protection, its integrity is continuously assaulted by a massive group of external stresses. UV irradiations repr...OBJECTIVE: The skin interacts strictly with the surrounding environment. Despite an efficient system of protection, its integrity is continuously assaulted by a massive group of external stresses. UV irradiations represent one of the most harmful factors for the cutaneous tissue. Both UV-A and UV-B can induce deep modifications of the different layers of the skin, including a weakening of its barrier function properties, DNA damages and degradation of the extracellular matrix. The aim of this project was to assess the UV protection activity of two natural compounds, the birch sap from Betula alba and organic extract from Inonotus obliquus (chaga mushroom) used separately or in a complex. METHODS: The anti-oxidant (ROS and MDA quantification, catalase and SOD activity measurement), anti-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and INF-γ dosages) and the DNA protection/repair activities (DNA lesion site analysis) of birch sap and chaga mushroom extracts tested separately or in a complex containing organic birch sap 5% and Inonotus obliquus extracts 2% were evaluated in vitro after exposure of cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts or reconstructed epidermis to UV-A/UV-B irradiations. RESULTS: We observed that birch sap from Betula alba and extracts from Inonotus obliquus prevent the formation of ROS and decrease the oxidative stress induced under UV irradiations, suggesting a strong anti-oxidant activity. In addition, the tested products showed an immunomodulatory effect by reducing the quantity of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon UV irradiations. UV-induced DNA damages of keratinocytes were also reduced by birch sap and chaga mushroom extracts. CONCLUSION: Here, for the first time, we have shown the photo-protection activity of extracts obtained from Betula alba and Inonotus obliquus mushroom on skin cells exposed to UV-A and UV-B irradiations. Due to their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and DNA protection/repair activities, the tested products represent promising candidates in the development of cosmetic products with anti-photo-aging activity.展开更多
Background: Cyanobacteria phycocyanins (Cps) have already shown powerful antioxidant properties. In human cells submitted to oxidative stress the telomeres length decrease, the expression of progerin and the activity ...Background: Cyanobacteria phycocyanins (Cps) have already shown powerful antioxidant properties. In human cells submitted to oxidative stress the telomeres length decrease, the expression of progerin and the activity of mTOR are increased. At our knowledge, there is no published data on Cps correlated with ultraviolet radiation (UV) and blue light effects in human cells regarding telomeres’ length, progerin expression or mTOR1 complex activity. Objectives: In this study, we sought to assess 1) telomeres’ length in newborn human fibroblasts exposed to UV and blue light;2) progerin production in mature human normal fibroblasts exposed to UV;3) mTOR1 activation in adult human normal keratinocytes exposed to UV, analyzing the activity of a Cyanobacteria phycocyanin (Cp) in these in vitro models. Materials and Methods: Human skin fibroblasts or human normal keratinocytes were cultured—in the absence or in the presence of Cp and submitted to UVB + UVA and blue light irradiations. Telomeres’ length, progerin expression and mTOR1 activity were then assessed by molecular biology and immuno-enzymatic methods. Results: In cultured fibroblasts exposed to irradiations and treated by Cp, telomeres’ shortage and progerin expression were lower compared to irradiated untreated cells. In cultured keratinocytes treated by Cp and exposed to irradiations, the mTOR activity was lower compared to irradiated untreated cells. Conclusions: In these in vitro studies on human skin fibroblasts and on normal human keratinocytes, the cyanobacteria phycocyanin (Cp) showed a decrease of damages induced by UV and blue light expressed by telomeres preservation and downregulation of progerin expression and of mTOR activity, thus showing skin anti-aging and photo-protective potential.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41977142)Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2018ZX07111003).
文摘The photo-aging behavior of microplastics(MPs)in natural environment has become a global concern.The ultraviolet radiation has enough energy to change the polymer structure and physicalchemical properties of MPs.Less attention has focused on the interactions of the photo-aged polar and biodegradable MPs with organic pollutants.This work investigated the structural properties of aged polar polyamide(PA)MPs and biodegradable polylactic acid(PLA)MPs exposed to ultraviolet irradiation and their adsorption behavior and mechanism for neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid(IMI).The results showed that the MPs had extensive changes in surface morphology and chemical properties after photo-aging.The C–N bond of PA MPs was disrupted to form more carbonyl groups.The oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of aged PLA MPs were broken and generated relatively smaller molecules.The adsorption capacity of IMI on PA MPs decreased by 19.2%,while the adsorption capacity of IMI on PLA MPs increased by 41.2%after photo-aging.This depended on the natural structure of the MPs and their ability to absorb ultraviolet light.The electrostatic interactions,hydrogen bonds,van der Waals interactions,and polar-polar interactions were the main adsorption mechanisms of IMI on MPs.High initial solution pH and low ionic strength favored the adsorption of IMI by altering charge distribution on the MPs surface.The formation of the humic acid-IMI complexes decreased the concentration of IMI in the water phase and further decreased the adsorption on MPs.These results are enlightening for a scientific comprehension of the environmental behavior of the polar MPs.
文摘Background: Phototherapy of photoaged skin has been attempted by lasers or intense pulsed light at the visible or near-infrared part of the spectrum. The use of red Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) delivering a low dose energy to the skin has been described for office and home use. Methods: In the present study, a portable home-use device is presented that combines fractional non-thermal red LED with mild contact heating. Forty subjects aged 30 - 55 presenting with facial lax skin, large pores, fine lines, wrinkles and brown pigmentation received 8 bi-weekly treatments for 4 weeks, using the Silk’n Reju/FaceFX device (Home Skinovations, Yokneam, Israel). Skin condition was evaluated before and 1, 2, and 3 months following the last treatment session. Grading of outcome was done according to an independent blinded evaluator and patient satisfaction. Results: Facial skin improvement of wrinkling and skin texture were apparent immediately and scored clinically after 3 months as excellent and considerable by >90% of patients. Pigmentation improvement was less apparent. Overall facial skin improvement was noted by 77% of patients. Conclusions: The combination of fractional red LED and mild contact heating, using an at home portable device, proved to be safe and effective method to improve the quality of photoaged skin.
文摘OBJECTIVE: The skin interacts strictly with the surrounding environment. Despite an efficient system of protection, its integrity is continuously assaulted by a massive group of external stresses. UV irradiations represent one of the most harmful factors for the cutaneous tissue. Both UV-A and UV-B can induce deep modifications of the different layers of the skin, including a weakening of its barrier function properties, DNA damages and degradation of the extracellular matrix. The aim of this project was to assess the UV protection activity of two natural compounds, the birch sap from Betula alba and organic extract from Inonotus obliquus (chaga mushroom) used separately or in a complex. METHODS: The anti-oxidant (ROS and MDA quantification, catalase and SOD activity measurement), anti-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and INF-γ dosages) and the DNA protection/repair activities (DNA lesion site analysis) of birch sap and chaga mushroom extracts tested separately or in a complex containing organic birch sap 5% and Inonotus obliquus extracts 2% were evaluated in vitro after exposure of cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts or reconstructed epidermis to UV-A/UV-B irradiations. RESULTS: We observed that birch sap from Betula alba and extracts from Inonotus obliquus prevent the formation of ROS and decrease the oxidative stress induced under UV irradiations, suggesting a strong anti-oxidant activity. In addition, the tested products showed an immunomodulatory effect by reducing the quantity of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon UV irradiations. UV-induced DNA damages of keratinocytes were also reduced by birch sap and chaga mushroom extracts. CONCLUSION: Here, for the first time, we have shown the photo-protection activity of extracts obtained from Betula alba and Inonotus obliquus mushroom on skin cells exposed to UV-A and UV-B irradiations. Due to their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and DNA protection/repair activities, the tested products represent promising candidates in the development of cosmetic products with anti-photo-aging activity.
文摘Background: Cyanobacteria phycocyanins (Cps) have already shown powerful antioxidant properties. In human cells submitted to oxidative stress the telomeres length decrease, the expression of progerin and the activity of mTOR are increased. At our knowledge, there is no published data on Cps correlated with ultraviolet radiation (UV) and blue light effects in human cells regarding telomeres’ length, progerin expression or mTOR1 complex activity. Objectives: In this study, we sought to assess 1) telomeres’ length in newborn human fibroblasts exposed to UV and blue light;2) progerin production in mature human normal fibroblasts exposed to UV;3) mTOR1 activation in adult human normal keratinocytes exposed to UV, analyzing the activity of a Cyanobacteria phycocyanin (Cp) in these in vitro models. Materials and Methods: Human skin fibroblasts or human normal keratinocytes were cultured—in the absence or in the presence of Cp and submitted to UVB + UVA and blue light irradiations. Telomeres’ length, progerin expression and mTOR1 activity were then assessed by molecular biology and immuno-enzymatic methods. Results: In cultured fibroblasts exposed to irradiations and treated by Cp, telomeres’ shortage and progerin expression were lower compared to irradiated untreated cells. In cultured keratinocytes treated by Cp and exposed to irradiations, the mTOR activity was lower compared to irradiated untreated cells. Conclusions: In these in vitro studies on human skin fibroblasts and on normal human keratinocytes, the cyanobacteria phycocyanin (Cp) showed a decrease of damages induced by UV and blue light expressed by telomeres preservation and downregulation of progerin expression and of mTOR activity, thus showing skin anti-aging and photo-protective potential.
