In the field of aerospace, theodolite system is often used in the inspection of large object. A new measurement system that consists of four theodolites is presented in this paper, with which the "blind" pro...In the field of aerospace, theodolite system is often used in the inspection of large object. A new measurement system that consists of four theodolites is presented in this paper, with which the "blind" problem raised in Original dual-theodolite system can be overcome. The principle of multi-theodolite system, together with the mathematicalmodel (both of calibration and of measurement) is given. And also the calibration process is discussed.展开更多
The concepts of “confining structure” and structure light are illuminated in this paper.A laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation,which is aimed at “confining structure”,is developed.Various scanning mode...The concepts of “confining structure” and structure light are illuminated in this paper.A laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation,which is aimed at “confining structure”,is developed.Various scanning modes and their mathematical models based on laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation are discussed.According to the features of a huge object,,the structure light engineering surveying based on laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation is determined as the main method in an actual application.The observation of four sound concrete posts and forced centering plates.Subsequently,it is transformed into the huge object coordinate system.The scanning mode with plumb plane is selected as the main mode in the whole work.And other assistant methods,such as close range photogrammetry and the method of using reflection sheet,are applied to the work of “scanning dead angle”.At last,a surveying accuracy estimation of this method is done and a surveying accuracy test is finished.It can be concluded that the structure light engineering surveying based on laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation is considered to be an effective and applied method,and has many superiority to some other surveying methods in the work of surveying “confining structure”.展开更多
An improvement detecting method was proposed according to the disadvantages of testing method of optical axes parallelism of shipboard photoelectrical theodolite (short for theodolite) based on image processing. Point...An improvement detecting method was proposed according to the disadvantages of testing method of optical axes parallelism of shipboard photoelectrical theodolite (short for theodolite) based on image processing. Pointolite replaced 0.2'' collimator to reduce the errors of crosshair images processing and improve the quality of image. What’s more, the high quality images could help to optimize the image processing method and the testing accuracy. The errors between the trial results interpreted by software and the results tested in dock were less than 10'', which indicated the improve method had some actual application values.展开更多
The photogrammetric bundle adjustment was used in data processing of electronic theodolite industrial surveying system by converting angular observations into virtual photo coordinates. The developed algorithm has abi...The photogrammetric bundle adjustment was used in data processing of electronic theodolite industrial surveying system by converting angular observations into virtual photo coordinates. The developed algorithm has ability of precision estimation and data snooping, do not need initial values of exterior orientation elements and object point coordinates. The form of control condition for the system is quite flexible. Neither centering nor leveling is the theodolite needed and the lay out of theodolite position is flexible when the system is used for precise survey. Experiments carried out in test field verify the validity of the data processing method. [展开更多
A new binuclear Zn^Ⅱ coordination complex,Zn2（bta）（phen）2（Cl）3（1,Hbta = 2-（1Hbenzotriazol-1-yl）acetic acid and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline）,has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diff...A new binuclear Zn^Ⅱ coordination complex,Zn2（bta）（phen）2（Cl）3（1,Hbta = 2-（1Hbenzotriazol-1-yl）acetic acid and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline）,has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,IR spectroscopy,elemental,and photoluminescent analysis.Complex 1 crystallizes in triclinic system,space group P1 with a = 9.3040（19）,b = 10.694（2）,c =16.841（3） A°,α = 101.18（3）,β = 105.77（3）,γ = 91.72（3）°,V= 1575.8（5） A°3,C（32）H（22）Zn2Cl3N7O2,Mr =773.66,Dc = 1.631 g/cm^3,Z = 2,F（000） = 780,μ = 1.820 mm^-1,the final R = 0.1238 and wR =0.1131.X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that 1 displays two crystallographic independent Zn^Ⅱmetal centers with a distorted tetragonal pyramidal（ZnN4O） and a tetrahedral（ZnNCl3） geometries,respectively.The phen serves as a common N,N＇-bidentate ligand,and the bta^- as a unique N,O-bridged ligand in 1.In the crystal,1 forms a stable 3D supramolecular architecture by trifurcated hydrogen bonding C-H…C1 interactions and C-H…π,π…π stacking.1 showed photo-electric conversion properties.展开更多
Throughout the development of software, during Requirements Engineering activities, software requirements dynamically and constantly evolve and mature from an “identified” stage to an “approved” stage. This evolut...Throughout the development of software, during Requirements Engineering activities, software requirements dynamically and constantly evolve and mature from an “identified” stage to an “approved” stage. This evolution takes place individually for each requirement, in a very particular way, because it depends on the level of understanding that the requirements engineer reaches in relation to it. How, then, to monitor the evolution of each software requirement? How to know the quality of each software requirement? How to measure the level of understanding and difficulty that the requirements engineer has in relation to each software requirement? This paper aims to present a proposal to answer these questions through the use of an instrument developed specifically to assess and reveal the quality grades of each software requirement and also to assess and reveal that the levels of understanding and of difficulty of the requirements engineer is in relation to each software requirement. This instrument was called the Hermeneutical Theodolite of Requirements, which also can be applied to evaluate that the levels of understanding and of difficulty of the requirements engineer is in relation to the domain of application, essential input artifact and primordial to the specification of the requirements of software.展开更多
A new 3-D nickel（Ⅱ） metal-organic framework（MOFs） with formula [Ni（bib）_2（SO_4）]_n（1）, where bib = 1,4-bis（imidazol-1-yl）benzene, has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction...A new 3-D nickel（Ⅱ） metal-organic framework（MOFs） with formula [Ni（bib）_2（SO_4）]_n（1）, where bib = 1,4-bis（imidazol-1-yl）benzene, has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and surface photovoltage spectroscopy（SPS）. Complex 1 crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 19.5988（6）, b = 9.7531（3）, c = 11.8146（4） ？, β = 96.185（3）°, V = 2245.20（12） ？~3, C_（24）H_（20）N_8NiO_4S, M_r = 575.25, D_c = 1.702 g/cm^3, Z = 4, F（000） = 1184, μ = 1.011 mm-1, the final R = 0.0293 and w R = 0.0702. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that the center Ni^（2＋） ion is six-coordinated with an O_2N_4 donor set of two μ_2-SO_4^（2–） and four bib ligands, resulting in an ideal octahedral geometry. Topological analysis on complex 1 considers each Ni^（2＋） as a 6-connected node, while bib and sulfate ion as linkers, giving an α-Po topology with short Schl？fli symbol 412·63. In the crystal packing, the components interact with pairs of intermolecular C–H×××O hydrogen bonds. The SPS of 1 indicates that there are positive response bands in the range of 300~600 nm showing photo-electric conversion properties.展开更多
Multi-Optical Theodolite Tracking systems(MOTTs)can stealthily extract the target’s status information from bearings only through non-contact measurement.The constrained MOTTs are partially compatible,yet many existi...Multi-Optical Theodolite Tracking systems(MOTTs)can stealthily extract the target’s status information from bearings only through non-contact measurement.The constrained MOTTs are partially compatible,yet many existing research works and results are based on the known model,ignoring its discrimination with the target maneuvering behavior pattern.To compensate for these mismatches,this paper develops a Measurement-driven Gauss-Hermite Particle Filter(MGHPF),which elegantly fuses the spatiotemporal constraints and its soft form to perform MOTT missions.Specifically,the target dynamic model and tracking algorithm are based on the target behavior pattern with the adaptive turn rate,fully exploiting the spatial epipolar geometry characteristics for each intersection measurement by a minimax strategy.Then,the center of the feasible area is approximated via the analytic coordinate transformation,and the latent samples are updated via the deterministic Gauss-Hermite integral method with the target’s predictive turn rate.Simultaneously,the effects of truncation correction and compensation feedback from the current measurement and historical estimation data are adaptively incorporated into the PF’s importance distribution to cover the mixture likelihood.Besides,an effective causality-invariant updating rule is provided to estimate the parameters of these soft spatiotemporal constrained MOTTs with convergence guarantees.Simulated and measured results show good agreement;compared with the stateof-the-art Multi-Model Rao-Blackwell Particle Filter(MMRBPF),the proposed MGHPF improves the filtering accuracy by 7.4%-34.7%and significantly reduces the computational load.展开更多
文摘In the field of aerospace, theodolite system is often used in the inspection of large object. A new measurement system that consists of four theodolites is presented in this paper, with which the "blind" problem raised in Original dual-theodolite system can be overcome. The principle of multi-theodolite system, together with the mathematicalmodel (both of calibration and of measurement) is given. And also the calibration process is discussed.
文摘The concepts of “confining structure” and structure light are illuminated in this paper.A laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation,which is aimed at “confining structure”,is developed.Various scanning modes and their mathematical models based on laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation are discussed.According to the features of a huge object,,the structure light engineering surveying based on laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation is determined as the main method in an actual application.The observation of four sound concrete posts and forced centering plates.Subsequently,it is transformed into the huge object coordinate system.The scanning mode with plumb plane is selected as the main mode in the whole work.And other assistant methods,such as close range photogrammetry and the method of using reflection sheet,are applied to the work of “scanning dead angle”.At last,a surveying accuracy estimation of this method is done and a surveying accuracy test is finished.It can be concluded that the structure light engineering surveying based on laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation is considered to be an effective and applied method,and has many superiority to some other surveying methods in the work of surveying “confining structure”.
文摘An improvement detecting method was proposed according to the disadvantages of testing method of optical axes parallelism of shipboard photoelectrical theodolite (short for theodolite) based on image processing. Pointolite replaced 0.2'' collimator to reduce the errors of crosshair images processing and improve the quality of image. What’s more, the high quality images could help to optimize the image processing method and the testing accuracy. The errors between the trial results interpreted by software and the results tested in dock were less than 10'', which indicated the improve method had some actual application values.
文摘The photogrammetric bundle adjustment was used in data processing of electronic theodolite industrial surveying system by converting angular observations into virtual photo coordinates. The developed algorithm has ability of precision estimation and data snooping, do not need initial values of exterior orientation elements and object point coordinates. The form of control condition for the system is quite flexible. Neither centering nor leveling is the theodolite needed and the lay out of theodolite position is flexible when the system is used for precise survey. Experiments carried out in test field verify the validity of the data processing method. [
基金supported by Guangxi Provincial Department of Education(No.KY2015ZD130)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(No.2013GXNSFBA019030)the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Qinzhou University(No.2014PY-GJ05)
文摘A new binuclear Zn^Ⅱ coordination complex,Zn2（bta）（phen）2（Cl）3（1,Hbta = 2-（1Hbenzotriazol-1-yl）acetic acid and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline）,has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,IR spectroscopy,elemental,and photoluminescent analysis.Complex 1 crystallizes in triclinic system,space group P1 with a = 9.3040（19）,b = 10.694（2）,c =16.841（3） A°,α = 101.18（3）,β = 105.77（3）,γ = 91.72（3）°,V= 1575.8（5） A°3,C（32）H（22）Zn2Cl3N7O2,Mr =773.66,Dc = 1.631 g/cm^3,Z = 2,F（000） = 780,μ = 1.820 mm^-1,the final R = 0.1238 and wR =0.1131.X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that 1 displays two crystallographic independent Zn^Ⅱmetal centers with a distorted tetragonal pyramidal（ZnN4O） and a tetrahedral（ZnNCl3） geometries,respectively.The phen serves as a common N,N＇-bidentate ligand,and the bta^- as a unique N,O-bridged ligand in 1.In the crystal,1 forms a stable 3D supramolecular architecture by trifurcated hydrogen bonding C-H…C1 interactions and C-H…π,π…π stacking.1 showed photo-electric conversion properties.
文摘Throughout the development of software, during Requirements Engineering activities, software requirements dynamically and constantly evolve and mature from an “identified” stage to an “approved” stage. This evolution takes place individually for each requirement, in a very particular way, because it depends on the level of understanding that the requirements engineer reaches in relation to it. How, then, to monitor the evolution of each software requirement? How to know the quality of each software requirement? How to measure the level of understanding and difficulty that the requirements engineer has in relation to each software requirement? This paper aims to present a proposal to answer these questions through the use of an instrument developed specifically to assess and reveal the quality grades of each software requirement and also to assess and reveal that the levels of understanding and of difficulty of the requirements engineer is in relation to each software requirement. This instrument was called the Hermeneutical Theodolite of Requirements, which also can be applied to evaluate that the levels of understanding and of difficulty of the requirements engineer is in relation to the domain of application, essential input artifact and primordial to the specification of the requirements of software.
基金supported by the Guangxi Provincial Department of Education(No.KY2015ZD130,YB2014414)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(No.2014GXNSFBA118040)+2 种基金The supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51402158)are gratefully acknowledgedthe financial support by the Opening Project of Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Oil and Natural Gas Resource Effective Utilization(No.2015KLOG09)the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Qinzhou University(No.2014PY-GJ05)
文摘A new 3-D nickel（Ⅱ） metal-organic framework（MOFs） with formula [Ni（bib）_2（SO_4）]_n（1）, where bib = 1,4-bis（imidazol-1-yl）benzene, has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and surface photovoltage spectroscopy（SPS）. Complex 1 crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 19.5988（6）, b = 9.7531（3）, c = 11.8146（4） ？, β = 96.185（3）°, V = 2245.20（12） ？~3, C_（24）H_（20）N_8NiO_4S, M_r = 575.25, D_c = 1.702 g/cm^3, Z = 4, F（000） = 1184, μ = 1.011 mm-1, the final R = 0.0293 and w R = 0.0702. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that the center Ni^（2＋） ion is six-coordinated with an O_2N_4 donor set of two μ_2-SO_4^（2–） and four bib ligands, resulting in an ideal octahedral geometry. Topological analysis on complex 1 considers each Ni^（2＋） as a 6-connected node, while bib and sulfate ion as linkers, giving an α-Po topology with short Schl？fli symbol 412·63. In the crystal packing, the components interact with pairs of intermolecular C–H×××O hydrogen bonds. The SPS of 1 indicates that there are positive response bands in the range of 300~600 nm showing photo-electric conversion properties.
基金co-supported supported in part by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Fundamental Research Fund Project,China(No.2019A1515111099)Open Research Fund of CAS Key Laboratory of Space Precision Measurement Technology,China(Nos.SPMT2021002,SPMT2022001).
文摘Multi-Optical Theodolite Tracking systems(MOTTs)can stealthily extract the target’s status information from bearings only through non-contact measurement.The constrained MOTTs are partially compatible,yet many existing research works and results are based on the known model,ignoring its discrimination with the target maneuvering behavior pattern.To compensate for these mismatches,this paper develops a Measurement-driven Gauss-Hermite Particle Filter(MGHPF),which elegantly fuses the spatiotemporal constraints and its soft form to perform MOTT missions.Specifically,the target dynamic model and tracking algorithm are based on the target behavior pattern with the adaptive turn rate,fully exploiting the spatial epipolar geometry characteristics for each intersection measurement by a minimax strategy.Then,the center of the feasible area is approximated via the analytic coordinate transformation,and the latent samples are updated via the deterministic Gauss-Hermite integral method with the target’s predictive turn rate.Simultaneously,the effects of truncation correction and compensation feedback from the current measurement and historical estimation data are adaptively incorporated into the PF’s importance distribution to cover the mixture likelihood.Besides,an effective causality-invariant updating rule is provided to estimate the parameters of these soft spatiotemporal constrained MOTTs with convergence guarantees.Simulated and measured results show good agreement;compared with the stateof-the-art Multi-Model Rao-Blackwell Particle Filter(MMRBPF),the proposed MGHPF improves the filtering accuracy by 7.4%-34.7%and significantly reduces the computational load.
