Impact of salinity on treatment of saline wastewater by sequencing batch biofilm reactor process

High salinity industrial wastewater is difficult to treat using biological treatment system because of the high concentrations of salt.The potential of a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)process in treating synthetic high salinity wastewater was evaluated at laboratory scale during a 110-day operation.The reactor was operated in a 12 h cycle,and each cycle consisted of 0.25 h influent addition,8 h aeration,3 h anoxic reaction,0.5 h sedimentation and 0.25 h effluent withdrawal.Gradual increase in salinity gradient was applied during the acclimatization period.The acclimated SBBR system was demonstrated to be an effective process to remove organic compounds and ammonia nitrogen under high salinity conditions with chemical oxygen demand(COD)and ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)removal efficiencies of 88% and 80%,respectively.The microscopic examination indicated that rather than rotifers or vorticella,the zoogloea,filamentous fungus mingled with a small quantity of swimming infusorians were dominant bacteria in SBBR system.The removal efficiencies close to 80% in COD and 75% in NH3-N were achieved at an organic loading rate(OLR)of 0.96 kg COD/(m3·d),pH of 7.0,salinity of 14 g/L and NH3-N of 30 mg/L.

Research Development and Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor

Frequent variations of the wastewater quality and quantity and other uncertain factors are the challenges faced by many wastewater treatment plants during the operation. Sequencing batch biofilm reactor（ SBBR） process provides a new idea for an effective solution to this problem. This paper introduces the basic processes and characteristics of the sequencing batch biofilm reactor（ SBBR） process,and summarizes the research status of this process in wastewater treatment. Factors affecting the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of the SBBR process are also analyzed.

Treatment of Wastewater with Modified Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor Technology

This paper describes the removal of COD and nitrogen from wastewater with modified sequencing batch biofilm reactor. The strategy of simultaneous feeding and draining was explored.The results show that introduction of a new batch of wastewater and withdrawal of the purified water can be conducted simultaneously with the maximum volumetric exchange rate of about 70%.Application of this feeding and draining mode leads to the reduction of the cycle time, the increase of the utilization of the reactor volume and the simplification of the reactor structure. The treatment of a synthetic wastewater containing COD and nitrogen was investigated. The operation mode of F(D) O ( i.e ., simultaneous feeding and draining followed by the aerobic condition) was adopted. It was found that COD was degraded very fast in the initial reaction period of time, then reduced slowly and the ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations decreased and increased with time respectively, while the nitrite nitrogen level increased first and then reduced. The relationship between the COD or ammonia nitrogen loading and its removal rate was examined, and the removal of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen could exceed 95%, 90% and 80% respectively. The fact that nitrogen could be removed more completely under constant aeration (aerobic condition) of the SBBR operation mode is very interesting and could be explained in several respects.

Performance of Sequencing Biofilm Batch Reactor(SBBR) under Micro-aerobic Condition for Aniline-Contaminated Wastewater Treatment

The performance of sequencing biofilm batch reactor( SBBR) under micro-aerobic condition for aniline-contaminated wastewater treatment was investigated in this study. Dissolved oxygen( DO) and aniline concentrations were selected as the operating variables to analyze,model,and optimize the process. In order to analyze the process,5 dependent parameters,chemical oxygen demand( COD),aniline,ammonium,total nitrogen( TN),and total phosphorous( TP) removal as the process responses were studied. From the results, increase in DO concentration could promote the removal of COD,aniline,ammonium,and TN,while increase in aniline concentration has a slightly negative impact on the removal of pollutants. The optimum DO concentration was found to be 0. 4-0. 5 mg /L. The removal efficiencies for COD,aniline,ammonium,and TN at the optimum point( DO concentration0. 5 mg /L,aniline concentration 11 mg /L) were 95. 84%,100%,75. 72%,and 45. 39%,respectively. The oxidative deamination was the main degradation method for aniline under micro-aerobic condition. Simultaneously nitrification-denitrification( SND)process performed under micro-aerobic condition and about 20%-40% nitrogen was removed by SND.

侧流与主流磷回收工艺对比及调控因子分析

从污水中回收磷是缓解磷资源危机的有效途径,目前,污水处理厂常用的磷回收工艺主要为从剩余污泥中回收磷的侧流工艺,存在工艺复杂、回收效率低等问题.以生物膜为主体的主流磷回收工艺可实现磷的同步去除与富集,工艺简单且高效,因此更具发展前景.两种工艺在运行原理及模式上存在显著差异,因此对两者的调控措施不尽相同.本文分别以A^(2)O工艺和生物膜序批式反应器工艺为代表,对比了侧流和主流磷回收工艺在运行原理及模式上的异同,并以聚磷菌的代谢机理为基础,总结了温度、pH值、水力停留时间、溶解氧、碳源和蓄磷量等调控因子对两种工艺产生的影响,并阐述了其差异化机制,以期为生物膜磷回收工艺的进一步发展提供参考.

厌氧-好氧-缺氧SBBR工艺对垃圾渗滤液深度脱氮处理的试验

传统的垃圾渗滤液生化处理工艺以厌氧-好氧(AO)为主,存在总氮(TN)去除率较低的问题。为提高垃圾渗滤液的TN去除率和去除速率,本研究采用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)工艺处理COD_(Cr)质量浓度为7760 mg/L、TN质量浓度为1200 mg/L的实际垃圾渗滤液。该SBBR的运行模式为厌氧-好氧-缺氧运行,在不增加外加碳源的情况下,经过85 d的启动和驯化,出水TN质量浓度低于20 mg/L,TN的去除效率>97%。与序批式反应器(SBR)相比,投加填料提高了同步硝化反硝化(SND)的去除效率,周期从19.5 h缩短到13.75 h。高通量分析表明,SBBR的优势类群为变形菌门(26.43%),而SBR的优势类群为绿弯菌门(28.53%),不同的优势菌群可能是SBBR相比SBR脱氮效率更高的原因之一。

碱激活PMS氧化法协同SBBR深度处理焦化废水研究

采用碱激活过一硫酸盐(PMS)氧化法协同序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)工艺深度处理焦化废水,研究当以NaOH作为激活剂时,pH、PMS浓度和温度对碱/PMS体系去除焦化废水生化出水COD和色度的影响,之后考察SBBR工艺处理碱/PMS体系出水的效果。研究结果表明,碱/PMS体系深度处理焦化废水的最佳条件为温度25℃、pH=10、PMS投加浓度7 mmol/L、反应时间4 h,在此条件下色度和COD的去除率分别为96.1%和45.9%。电子顺磁共振实验表明碱/PMS体系存在^(1)O_(2)、O_(2)•-、∙OH和SO_(4)•-等活性氧物种。废水经碱/PMS体系处理后可生化性提高,之后经SBBR工艺进一步处理后出水COD<60 mg/L。总体而言,碱激活PMS氧化法协同SBBR工艺对COD的平均去除率达66.7%。焦化废水生化出水处理前后的三维荧光光谱分析表明,碱/PMS体系协同SBBR工艺能去除焦化废水生化出水中的芳香蛋白类物质和类腐殖酸物质。

持续负荷冲击下AnSBBR运行性能及群落结构响应

以厌氧序批式生物膜反应器(AnSBBR)处理葡萄酒生产废水,考察反应器在持续负荷冲击下的运行特性及群落结构响应.结果显示,持续负荷冲击的前13d(29~41d),反应器运行稳定;因逐渐增加的氢分压和挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs),到56d时系统稳定性降低(VFA/TA=0.72),乙酸比产甲烷活性(SMA)降低46.2%,但氢利用速率(HUR)增加69.2%,辅酶F420浓度增加11.9%.在42d时仅外层的Slime-EPS浓度明显增加(34.1%);在56d时TB-EPS和LB-EPS浓度增加61.3%和62.8%,其PN/PS比值增加197.8%和126.0%,负荷冲击诱导EPS分泌大量的应急性蛋白类产物,其电活性物质提高了系统的电子传递活性(35.5%).Illumina MiSeq显示,负荷冲击下Desulfovibrio、Ruminococcus和Geobacter等产酸菌丰度降低,而Methanobacterium丰度由32.2%增至50.9%.生物膜系统通过逐级EPS分泌和强化还原CO_(2)产甲烷来响应持续负荷冲击的影响.

Anaerobic-aerobic processes for the treatment of textile dyeing wastewater containing three commercial reactive azo dyes:Effect of number of stages and bioreactor type

In this study,the effect of number of stages and bioreactor type on the removal performance of a sequential anaerobic-aerobic process employing activated sludge for the treatment of a simulated textile dyeing wastewater containing three commercial reactive azo dyes was considered.Two stage processes performed better than one stage ones,both in terms of overall organic and color removal,as well as the higher contribution of anaerobic stage to the overall removal performance,thereby making them a more energy efficient option.The employment of a moving bed sequencing batch biofilm reactor,which uses both suspended and attached biomass,for the implementation of the anaerobic stage of the process,was compared with a sequencing batch reactor that only employs suspended biomass.The results showed that,although there was no meaningful difference in biomass concentration between the two bioreactors,the latter reactor had better performance in terms of chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal efficiency and rate and color removal rate.Further exploratory tests revealed a difference between the roles of suspended and attached bacterial populations,with the former yielding better color removal whilst the latter had better COD removal performance.The sequential anaerobic–aerobic process,employing an aerobic membrane bioreactor in the aerobic stage resulted in COD and color removal of 77.1±7.9%and 79.9±1.5%,respectively.The incomplete COD and color removal was attributed to the presence of soluble microbial products in the effluent and the autoxidation of dye reduction metabolites,respectively.Also,aerobic partial mineralization of the dye reduction metabolites,was experimentally observed.

聚乙烯填料序批式移动床生物膜反应器工艺处理低温市政污水效能研究

针对北方地区冬季低温脱氮效率低的问题,采用序批式移动床生物膜反应器(SBMBBR)对低温市政污水进行处理,并对不同规格的聚乙烯填料进行比较分析。结果表明,在水温9~12℃、pH 7~8、水力停留时间(HRT)48 h的条件下,SBMBBR在64 d启动成功,白色、黑色两种聚乙烯填料在运行7 d后有显著的生物膜,运行31 d后投加白色聚乙烯填料的反应器中化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮、总磷(TP)的去除率分别为83.6%、74.4%、60.8%,所以白色聚乙烯为最佳填料。优化参数后,确定反应器最佳缺氧时间为3 h,好氧时间为7 h;好氧段溶解氧(DO)保持在>6.0~7.5 mg/L,无填料反应器中HRT为82 h时最佳,而投加黑色聚乙烯填料的反应器和投加白色聚乙烯填料的反应器中HRT为42 h时最佳。

流离球内填料配比对SBBR污染物去除影响的研究

为了探究流离球内部组合填料配比对污水中污染物去除的影响,以鲍尔环与海绵作为内部填料,组成7种不同填料配比的流离球,构建SBBR反应器进行实验。鲍尔环与海绵填料体积比分别为:0∶189、4∶27、11∶27、21∶27、37∶27、71∶27、171∶27。实验结果表明,各填料比下COD处理效果较好,改变组合填料配比主要影响了传质效果、生物膜量、厌氧空间大小进而影响了系统的脱氮性能。填料比为37∶27时氮的去除效果最好,NH_(4)^(+)-N、TN的平均去除率分别为56.4%和55.3%;此时,系统生物量适中,生物膜絮凝性好。

高回流比对序批式生物膜反应器脱氮性能的影响

硝化液回流是污水生物脱氮工艺实现前置反硝化脱氮的重要手段,通常回流比为200%~400%。本文研究了高回流比对序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)脱氮性能的影响,结果表明,在回流比为300%、1000%、3000%三种条件下回流比为3000%的总氮去除率最高,稳定运行期间TIN平均去除率为98.69%±0.81%,同时也使NH_(4)^(+)-N得以完全氧化。推测在高回流比引起的强对流环境下,生物膜内传质效率得以加强,从而提高了同步硝化反硝化(SND)效果。本研究结果对集成分散式污水处理装置的研发及改善市政污水处理生物脱氮效率具有重要意义。

玻璃轻石序批式生物膜反应器构建参数优化及水产养殖污水脱氮性能研究

【目的】探明玻璃轻石构建序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)在水产养殖污水中的脱氮性能,为生物膜法处理水产养殖污水工艺中高效、低廉的载体材料选择提供模型及数据参考。【方法】以玻璃轻石为载体构建SBBR模型,利用水产养殖池底泥进行挂膜,并进行玻璃轻石不同孔径(3~8、2~3、1~2和0.1~1.0 mm)、粒径(10~20、20~30和30~50mm)和填充率(20%、30%和40%)脱氮性能优化试验,以获得最佳脱氮性能SBBR参数;以沸石、火山石、活性炭和SiO2颗粒为对照,对比各载体材料生物膜中的挥发性悬浮物(VSS)和细胞外聚合物(EPS)含量,比较不同载体材料对疏水性蛋白的吸附能力。【结果】玻璃轻石以孔径1~2 mm、粒径10~20 mm、填充率20%构建SBBR的除氮性能最优,第30 d时氨氮、亚硝氮和总氮的去除率分别可达(90.61±0.30)%、(99.45±0.08)%和(94.04±0.14)%,玻璃轻石上的VSS含量为3.87±0.11 g/L,EPS含量为80.99±0.05 mg/g-VSS,显著高于其他载体材料处理(P<0.05,下同),同时EPS中具有更高的蛋白/多糖(PN/PS)比值,有利于生物膜的形成;除氮细菌吸附试验结果,玻璃轻石可吸附(58.08±0.15)%的牛血清白蛋白(BSA),显著高于沸石(41.72±0.40)%、火山石(25.34±0.53)%、活性炭(20.68±0.13)%和SiO2颗粒(15.56±0.38)%。【结论】以玻璃轻石构建的SBBR应用于水产养殖污水处理具有良好的脱氮性能,且具有较好的除氮细菌吸附能力,是良好的生物膜技术修复水产养殖污水的载体材料。

ASBR联合SBBR工艺同步硝化反硝化处理垃圾渗滤液深度脱氮效能

为了提高垃圾渗滤液生化处理的TN去除率,采用厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)串联序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)处理化学需氧量(COD)为(5700±500)mg/L、TN浓度为(210±50)mg/L的实际垃圾渗滤液。结果表明:ASBR的出水进入SBBR反应器进行深度脱氮,主要作用是调节后续SBBR进水的碳氮比(C/N),ASBR对渗滤液COD的去除率为90%。C/N是决定SBBR脱氮效率的关键,进水C/N调至4.8,在生物膜的作用下,SBBR仅通过厌氧搅拌和好氧阶段的同步硝化反硝化(SND)便可以实现对垃圾渗滤液的深度脱氮,出水TN浓度低于10 mg/L,周期运行时长也由第54天的24 h缩短至5.6 h。整个串联系统经过103 d的驯化和启动可以达到最佳的处理效果,出水COD、氨氮(NH4+-N)、TN浓度分别为(380±10)、(1.0±0.5)、(5±5)mg/L,去除率分别达到93%、99%和95%。通过高通量测序分析可知,系统中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)相对丰度较高,分别为55.11%、21.32%。系统中具有反硝化作用的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度占比为2.81%,这可能是SBBR取得优秀脱氮效果的关键。在属水平下,系统中具有反硝化功能的菌种主要为Thauera和Limnobacter,在系统中占比分别为15.22%和2.84%,它们的存在可能是系统SND效果好的主要原因之一。

氨氮浓度对生物膜磷富集效果的影响

在厌氧/好氧运行的聚磷生物膜反应器中,考察模拟污水中氨氮浓度对生物膜磷富集效果以及吸、释磷速率的影响.结果表明:当模拟污水中的氨氮浓度由15mg-N/L提高至30mg-N/L,生物膜中聚磷菌(PAOs)的吸磷速率略微下降,但由于反硝化聚磷菌(DPAOs)的吸磷速率加快,生物膜系统整体的吸、释磷速率有所提高,分别达到11.25和12.02mg-P/(L·h);富集液浓度达到52mg-P/L;继续提高氨氮浓度为40mg-N/L时PAOs的磷代谢活性几乎被完全抑制,此时生物膜内的吸、释磷速率主要依靠DPAOs,生物膜系统的吸、释磷速率有所下降,分别为8.65和8.81mg-P/(L·h),富集液浓度仅为40mg-P/L.化学计量学分析显示:当氨氮浓度由15mg-N/L升高至40mg-N/L时,生物膜系统P_(rel)/HAc_(upt)(吸收单位量的碳源所释放的磷)呈现先升后降的变化规律,平均值分别为0.06,0.11和0.07P-mmol/C-mmol,这表明聚磷生物膜释磷过程对碳源的利用效率也受到氨氮浓度变化的影响.通过降低厌氧阶段进入反应器的模拟污水与富集液体积比(由3:1~1.5:1),可以有效改善高浓度氨氮(40mg-N/L)对生物膜的不利影响,生物膜系统的吸、释磷速率分别提升至16.25和15.60mg-P/(L·h),富集液浓度稳定在70mg-P/L,同时P_(rel)/HAc_(upt)提高至0.29P-mmol/C-mmol,磷富集效果得到显著强化.本研究的结果表明,采用生物膜法对模拟城市污水中的磷进行富集,其富集效果不会受污水中氨氮(浓度通常不超过40mg/L)的影响,且系统总氮去除率可达到95%,该技术具有实现同步富集磷与去除氮的潜力.

Effect of the C:N:P ratio on the denitrifying dephosphatation in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)

A series of investigations were conducted using sequencing batch biofilm reactor（SBBR） to explore the influence of C：N：P ratio on biological dephosphatation including the denitrifying dephosphatation and the denitrification process.Biomass in the reactor occurred mainly in the form of a biofilm attached to completely submerged disks.Acetic acid was used as the source of organic carbon.C：N：P ratios have had a significant effect on the profiles of phosphate release and phosphate uptake and nitrogen removal.The highest rates of phosphate release and phosphate uptake were recorded at the C：N：P ratio of 140：70：7.The C：N ratio of 2.5：1 ensured complete denitrification.The highest rate of denitrification was achieved at the C：N：P ratio of 140：35：7.The increase of nitrogen load caused an increase in phosphates removal until a ratio C：N：P of 140：140：7.Bacteria of the biofilm exposed to alternate conditions of mixing and aeration exhibited enhanced intracellular accumulation of polyphosphates.Also,the structure of the biofilm encouraged anaerobic-aerobic as well as anoxic-anaerobic and absolutely anaerobic conditions in a SBBR.These heterogeneous conditions in the presence of nitrates may be a significant factor determining the promotion of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organism（DNPAO） development.

Mechanism studies on nitrogen removal when treating ammonium-rich leachate by sequencing batch biofilm reactor

The nitrogen removal mechanism was studied and analyzed when treating the ammonium-rich landfill leachate by a set of sequencing batch biofilm reactors(SBBRs),which was designed independently.At the liquid temperature of(32P0.4)°C,and after a 58-days domestica-tion period and a 33-days stabilization period,the efficiency of ammonium removal in the SBBR went up to 95%.Highly frequent intermittent aeration suppressed the activity of nitratebacteria,and also eliminated the influence on the activity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)bacteria and nitritebacteria.This influence was caused by the accumulation of nitrous acid and the undulation of pH.During the aeration stage,the concentration of dissolved oxygen was controlled at 1.2-1.4 mg/L.The nitritebacteria became dominant and nitrite accumulated gradually.During the anoxic stage,along with the concentration debasement of the dissolved oxygen,ANAMMOX bacteria became domi-nant;then,the nitrite that was accumulated in the aeration stage was wiped off with ammonium simultaneously.

Enhancing nitrogen removal from low carbon to nitrogen ratio wastewater by using a novel sequencing batch biofilm reactor

Removing nitrogen from wastewater with low chemical oxygen demand/total nitrogen （COD/TN） ratio is a difficult task due to the insufficient carbon source available for denitrification. Therefore, in the present work, a novel sequencing batch biofilm reactor （NSBBR） was developed to enhance the nitrogen removal from wastewater with low COD/ TN ratio. The NSBBR was divided into two units separated by a vertical clapboard. Alternate feeding and aeration was performed in the two units, which created an anoxie unit with rich substrate content and an aeration unit deficient in substrate simultaneously. Therefore, the utilization of the influent carbon source for denitrification was increased, leading to higher TN removal compared to conventional SBBR （CSBBR） operation. The results show that the CSBBR removed up to 76.8%, 44.5% and 10.4% of TN, respectively, at three tested COD/TN ratios （9.0, 4.8 and 2.5）. In contrast, the TN removal of the NSBBR could reach 81.9%, 60.5% and 26.6%, respectively, at the corresponding COD/TN ratios. Therefore, better TN removal performance could be achieved in the NSBBR, especially at low CODfrN ratios （4.8 and 2.5）. Furthermore, it is easy to upgrade a CSBBR into an NSBBR in practice.

HRT对组合式填料SBBR脱氮性能和EPS的影响

研究了水力停留时间(HRT)对组合式填料序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)处理模拟生活废水性能的影响。考察了不同HRT(16、12、8 h)的条件下SBBR的脱氮性能、脱氮速率和胞外聚合物(EPS)质量分数的变化。结果表明,HRT对COD去除率没有显著影响;缩短HRT抑制生物膜上微生物的活性,使紧密胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)和疏松胞外聚合物(LB-EPS)质量分数增加30.25%、29.88%,脱氮速率降低至64.1%;实验得出的最佳HRT为12 h。