紫外分光光度法测定电镀锡板表面涂油量

涂油量是电镀锡板产品关键指标之一。通过对有机萃取剂、吸收波长、校准曲线等研究,建立了紫外光度法测定电镀锡板表面涂油量检测方法。选择正庚烷作为有机萃取剂,吸收波长为270 nm,油质量浓度在10.00~100.00 mg/L范围内,吸光度与涂油质量呈线性关系,线性回归方程为y=121.710 x+0.965。应用该方法检测电镀锡板表面涂油量,检测结果相对标准偏差为-2.81%~2.57%%,加标回收实验回收率为97.2%~103.2%。该方法与重量法比对,检测结果无显著性差异,完全满足电镀锡板表面涂油量指标监控要求。

搜寻第二个地球——系外地球(ET)巡天计划

系外地球科学卫星(ET)将通过采用空间大视场超高精度测光这一关键技术在国际上率先突破生命起源中的系外地球存在及其演化这一重大前沿科学问题. ET卫星将在日地拉格朗日L2点晕(Halo)轨道部署由6台广角凌星望远镜和1台微引力透镜望远镜构成的空间天文台,结合凌星法和微引力透镜法,利用空间超大视场和超高精度的光学测光观测,首次发现富有重要意义、被广泛关注的系外地球,并确定其发生率,对目前了解甚少的类地行星和流浪行星进行国际上第一次大规模的种群普查,首次发现流浪地球,并确定其发生率,揭示类地行星和流浪行星起源,为地外生命探寻提供候选者和新方向. ET卫星的观测结果、统计研究以及和对理论的检验将回答系外地球在宇宙中有多普遍,类地行星是如何形成和演化的,流浪行星又是如何起源的这些亟待解决的前沿科学问题.对ET卫星发现的系外地球样本的后随观测,将精确测量其质量、密度和大气成分,有助于深入分析宜居性特征.此外,对ET新发现的大量各种系外行星样本的研究,以及对理论的检验将推动这些种类的行星形成和演化规律的更深入认识, ET的大量高精度、高频次和长基线测光数据将推动星震学、银河系考古学、时域天文学、双星和双星黑洞等领域的研究.

Close Major-merger Pairs at z=0: Star-forming Galaxies with Pseudobulges

We present a study of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) with pseudobulges (bulges with Sérsic index n<2) in a loca close major-merger galaxy pair sample (H-KPAIR).With data from new aperture photometries in the optical and near-infrared bands (aperture size of 7 kpc) and from the literature,we find that the mean Age of central stellar populations in Spirals with pseudobulges is consistent with that of disky galaxies and is nearly constant against the bulge-to-total ratio (B/T).Paired Spirals have a slightly lower fraction of pure disk galaxies (B/T≤0.1) than their counterparts in the control sample.Compared to SFGs with classical bulges,those with pseudobulges have a higher (>2σ) mean of specific star formation rate (sSFR) enhancement (sSFR_(enh)=0.33±0.07 versus sSFR_(enh)=0.12±0.06) and broader scatter (by~1 dex).The eight SFGs that have the highest sSFR_(enh)in the sample all have pseudobulges.A majority (69%) of paired SFGs with strong enhancement (having sSFR more than5 times the median of the control galaxies) have pseudobulges.The Spitzer data show that the pseudobulges in these galaxies are tightly linked to nuclear/circum-nuclear starbursts.Pseudobulge SFGs in S+S and in S+E pairs have significantly (>3σ) different sSFR enhancement,with the means of sSFR_(enh)=0.45±0.08 and-0.04±0.11respectively.We find a decrease in the sSFR enhancements with the density of the environment for SFGs with pseudobulges.Since a high fraction (5/11) of pseudobulge SFGs in S+E pairs are in rich groups/clusters (loca density N_(1Mpc)≥7),the dense environment might be the cause for their low s SFR_(enh).

Increased excitatory amino acid transporter 2 levels in basolateral amygdala astrocytes mediate chronic stress–induced anxiety-like behavior

The conventional perception of astrocytes as mere supportive cells within the brain has recently been called into question by empirical evidence, which has revealed their active involvement in regulating brain function and encoding behaviors associated with emotions.Specifically, astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala have been found to play a role in the modulation of anxiety-like behaviors triggered by chronic stress. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms by which basolateral amygdala astrocytes regulate chronic stress–induced anxiety-like behaviors remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that in a mouse model of anxiety triggered by unpredictable chronic mild stress, the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 was upregulated in the basolateral amygdala. Interestingly, our findings indicate that the targeted knockdown of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 specifically within the basolateral amygdala astrocytes was able to rescue the anxiety-like behavior in mice subjected to stress. Furthermore, we found that the overexpression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala, whether achieved through intracranial administration of excitatory amino acid transporter 2agonists or through injection of excitatory amino acid transporter 2-overexpressing viruses with GfaABC1D promoters, evoked anxiety-like behavior in mice. Our single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis further confirmed that chronic stress induced an upregulation of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 specifically in astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala. Moreover, through in vivo calcium signal recordings, we found that the frequency of calcium activity in the basolateral amygdala of mice subjected to chronic stress was higher compared with normal mice.After knocking down the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala, the frequency of calcium activity was not significantly increased, and anxiety-like behavior was obviously mitigated. Additionally, administration of an excitatory amino acid transporter 2 inhibitor in the basolateral amygdala yielded a notable reduction in anxiety level among mice subjected to stress. These results suggest that basolateral amygdala astrocytic excitatory amino acid transporter 2 plays a role in in the regulation of unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced anxiety-like behavior by impacting the activity of local glutamatergic neurons, and targeting excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala holds therapeutic promise for addressing anxiety disorders.

近场分布式光度计的研究进展及应用

亮度计成像精度、存储器数据容量和计算机运算能力决定了近场分布式光度计的探测能力。随着成像技术和计算机技术的发展,近场分布式光度计的测量性能有了革命性的提升。介绍了近场分布式光度计的工作原理,归纳了近场分布式光度计相对于远场分布式光度计的优势。综述了国内外近场分布式光度计的研究进展,对比了部分国内外产品的性能指标。针对近场分布式光度计元数据精度不足、扫描重构速度偏慢和溯源装置适应性受限的现状,从部件、软件和系统等方面归纳了相应的解决方案。结合近场分布式光度计的特点和优势,展望了其在照明显示、交通运输、工业视觉和文物保护等领域的应用。

基于反射光度法的干化学检测技术的研究

针对反射光度法的干化学检测中,因检测样品反射光信号的发散和多层膜干片试纸内部存在多重内反射,导致检测稳定性和准确性不足的问题,设计了一种基于积分球的干化学反射光度法检测系统。首先,增设积分球装置,可减少信号的发散与流失并均匀检测样品的反射光信号,提高检测的稳定性;其次,进行Light Tools光学仿真分析,并建立积分球检测模型;再次,基于Williams-Clapper方程对多重内反射导致的反射密度的误差进行修正以提高检测的准确性。实验验证:所开发的基于积分球的干化学反射光度法检测系统提高了检测系统的稳定性和准确性。

催化动力学光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根

在冰乙酸介质中,利用亚硝酸根催化条件下,溴酸钾氧化茜素红的褪色反应,建立催化动力学光度法,对痕量NO_(2)^(-)进行测定.通过单因素实验得到了各种成分的加入量、反应温度和反应时间等最佳条件.结果发现,在反应体系中,茜素红浓度与NO_(2)^(-)含量之间线性关系良好,在0.02~0.14μg/mL范围内,线性回归方程为ln(A_(0)/A)=1.43 c NO_(3)^(-)(μg/mL)+0.00859,相关系数r^(2)为0.9970,检出限为5.25×10^(-3)μg/mL.该方法操作简单、稳定性好.

GIS盆式绝缘子表面微弱放电的光学检测方法研究

气体绝缘全封闭式组合电器(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)是电力系统不可缺少的电气设备,但目前对于其盆式绝缘子表面微弱缺陷放电仍缺乏可靠的监测手段。光测法作为非电检测手段在GIS内部弱光环境下对放电具有较好的检测效果。该文首先利用LED光源验证光路追迹仿真的准确性;其次以仿真作为基础,以试验作为依托研究了GIS内部绝缘子表面缺陷放电光信号随距离变化的传播规律,提出了检测GIS内部微弱放电时光学传感器的要求和布置方法;最后探索光测法对于微弱放电信号的检测灵敏度。研究结果表明:光路追迹仿真与LED光源试验呈现相同规律,其最大误差小于10%;绝缘子正面与侧面缺陷放电光信号随传感器布置距离增大具有明显的衰减规律,而背面缺陷放电光信号不具有衰减规律;光学传感器检测时其对波长的要求为300~550nm,其最小检测光强应大于1.43×10-11W,响应时间应小于局部放电单次脉冲时间;布置在GIS内壁中部的光电倍增管对盆式绝缘子表面不同位置缺陷的检测效果最佳;对于微弱放电的检测光测法灵敏度高于脉冲电流法。该文研究结论对光学传感器应用于检测GIS内部缺陷放电具有参考价值。

不同余氯监测仪在泳池水中的应用研究

构建泳池水循环系统以模拟现场余氯监测,以哈希便携式余氯仪的测量值为基准,比较恒压式余氯传感器、隔膜式余氯传感器和DPD比色法在线监测仪的测量结果,找出最适合应用于泳池水余氯在线监测的仪表,并研究了导致3种余氯在线监测仪测量结果差异性的因素。结果表明,DPD比色法在线监测仪在测量准确性及稳定性上表现最好,最适合应用于泳池水余氯在线监测。泳池水中存在的结合氯引起恒压式余氯传感器测量结果偏高,水样高浊度引起隔膜式余氯传感器的测量稳定性变差。

Charge coupled devices （CCD） photometry and long-term optical variability of gamma-ray-loud BL Lacertae object Mkn 421

Evidence for the long-term optical curve variability and colour behaviour of the BL Lac object Mkn 421 is presented. Our results show that the amplitude of the optical variations of Mkn 421 is only about △B=4.7 magnitude in the B-band for its photometric history from 1899 to 2002. The results of optical photometric monitoring of the Mkn 421 from April 2000 to Jan 2002 are provided. During our observation, Mkn 421 shows significant rapid variations and exhibits short time variability of 2.42 hours in the B band. A strong correlation between the B - V colour index and the magnitude in the B band is found. Our charge coupled device （CCD） photometry of Mkn 421 shows that the measured results are in good agreement with the predicted optical variability period of about 23 years.

All-fiber-transmission photometry for simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and multi-color neuronal activity recording

Manipulating and real-time monitoring of neuronal activities with cell-type specificity and precise spatiotemporal resolution during animal behavior are fundamental technologies for exploring the functional connectivity, information transmission, and physiological functions of neural circuits in vivo. However, current techniques for optogenetic stimulation and neuronal activity recording mostly operate independently. Here, we report an all-fiber-transmission photometry system for simultaneous optogenetic manipulation and multi-color recording of neuronal activities and the neurotransmitter release in a freely moving animal. We have designed and manufactured a wavelength-independent multi-branch fiber bundle to enable simultaneous optogenetic manipulation and multi-color recording at different wavelengths. Further, we combine a laser of narrow linewidth with the lock-in amplification method to suppress the optogenetic stimulation-induced artifacts and channel crosstalk. We show that the collection efficiency of our system outperforms a traditional epi-fluorescence system. Further, we demonstrate successful recording of dynamic dopamine(DA) responses to unexpected rewards in the nucleus accumbens(NAc) in a freely moving mouse. We also show simultaneous dual-color recording of neuronal Ca2+ signals and DA dynamics in the NAc upon delivering an unexpected reward and the simultaneous optogenetic activating at dopaminergic terminals in the same location. Thus, our multi-function fiber photometry system provides a compatible, efficient, and flexible solution for neuroscientists to study neural circuits and neurological diseases.

In vivo fiber photometry of neural activity in response to optogenetically manipulated inputs in freely moving mice

In vito fber photometry is a powerful technique to analyze the dy namics of population neurons during fiunctional study of neuroscience.Here,we introduced a detailed protocol for fiber photometry-based calciun reording in freely moving mice,covering from virus injection,fiber stub insertion,optogenetical stimulation to data procurement and analysis.Furthemnore,we applied this protocol to explore neuronal activity of mice latenal-posterior(LP)thalaric nucleus in response to optogenetical stimulation of primary visual cortex(V1)neurons,and explore axon clusters activity of optogenetically evoked V1 neurons.Final confirmation of virus-based protein expression in V1 and precise fber insertion indicated that the surgery procedure of this protocol is reliable for functional calcium recording.The scripts for data analysis and some tips in our protocol are provided in details.Together,this protocol is simple,low-cost,and effective for neuronal activity detection by fiber photometry,which will hep neuroscience researchers to carry out fiunctional and behavioral study in vivo.

Involvement of A5/A7 noradrenergic neurons and B2 serotonergic neurons in nociceptive processing:a fiber photometry study

In the central nervous system,the A6 noradrenaline(NA)and the B3 serotonin(5-HT)cell groups are well-recognized players in the descending antinociceptive system,while other NA/5-HT cell groups are not well characterized.A5/A7 NA and B25-HT cells project to the spinal horn and form descending pathways.We recorded G-Ca MP6 green fluorescence signal intensities in the A5/A7 NA and the B25-HT cell groups of awake mice in response to acute tail pinch stimuli,acute heat stimuli,and in the context of a non-noxious control test,using fiber photometry with a calcium imaging system.We first introduced G-Ca MP6 in the A5/A7 NA or B25-HT neuronal soma,using transgenic mice carrying the tetracycline-controlled transactivator transgene under the control of either a dopamineβ-hydroxylase or a tryptophan hydroxylase-2 promoters and by the site-specific injection of adeno-associated virus(AAV-Tet O(3 G)-G-Ca MP6).After confirming the specific expression patterns of G-Ca MP6,we recorded G-Ca MP6 green fluorescence signals in these sites in awake mice in response to acute nociceptive stimuli.G-Ca MP6 fluorescence intensity in the A5,A7,and B2 cell groups was rapidly increased in response to acute nociceptive stimuli and soon after,it returned to baseline fluorescence intensity.This was not observed in the non-noxious control test.The results indicate that acute nociceptive stimuli rapidly increase the activities of A5/A7 NA or B25-HT neurons but the non-noxious stimuli do not.The present study suggests that A5/A7 NA or B25-HT neurons play important roles in nociceptive processing in the central nervous system.We suggest that A5/A7/B2 neurons may be new therapeutic targets.All performed procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Use Committee of Kagoshima University(MD17105)on February 22,2018.

THE BROAD-BAND CCD PHOTOMETRY AND DUST PRODUCTION RATES OF COMET HALE-BOPP

Based upon broad-band CCD observation data of comet Hale-Bopp obtained by a 60cm telescope at Xinglong Station of Beijing Astronomical Observatory during March-August, 1996, the photometric results of comet Hale-Bopp are reported. Using the photometric results, the dust production rate, radius and mass of nucleus of comet Hale-Bopp are estimated as follows: dM/dt～1.5×10 5 kgs -1, R n～35.5km, and M n～5.65×10 16kg.

Recovering 3D structural properties of galaxies from SDSS-like photometry

Because of the 3D nature of galaxies, an algorithm for constructing spatial density distribution models of galaxies on the basis of galaxy images has many advan- tages over approximations of the surface density distribution. We present a method for deriving the spatial structure and overall parameters of galaxies from images and estimate its accuracy and derived parameter degeneracies on a sample of idealised model galaxies. The test galaxies consist component with varying proportions and of a disc-like component and a spheroidal properties. Both components are assumed to be axially symmetric and coplanar. We simulate these test galaxies as if they had been observed in the SDSS project through ugriz filters, thus gaining a set of realis- tically imperfect images of galaxies with known intrinsic properties. These artificial SDSS galaxies were thereafter remodelled by approximating the surface brightness distribution with a 2D projection of a bulge＋disc spatial distribution model and the restored parameters were compared to the initial ones. Down to the r-band limiting magnitude of 18, errors in the restored integral luminosities and colour indices re- main within 0.05 mag and errors in the luminosities of individual components within 0.2 mag. Accuracy of the restored bulge-to-disc luminosity ratio （B/D） is within 40% in most cases, and becomes worse for galaxies with low B/D, but the general balance between bulges and discs is not shifted systematically. Assuming that the intrinsic disc axial ratio is ≤ 0.3, then the inclination angles can be estimated with errors 〈 5° for most of the galaxies with B/D 〈 2 and with errors 〈 15° up to B/D = 6. Errors in the recovered sizes of the galactic components are below 10% in most cases. The axial ratios and the shape parameter N of Einasto＇s distribution （similar to the Sersic index） are relatively inaccurate, but can provide statistical estimates for large samples. In general, models of disc components are more accurate than models of spheroidal components for geometrical reasons.

Surface Photometry and Dynamical Properties of Lenticular Galaxies: NGC3245 as Case Study

In this paper, surface photometry and dynamical properties of Lenticular galaxies will be developed and applied to NGC3245. In this respect, we established new relation between the intensity distribution I and the semi-major axis a Moreover, some basic statistics of both independent and the dependent variables of the relation are also given. In addition to the I(a) relation , the Sérsic r1/n model is applied for the intensity profile I(r) resulting in an estimation of the effective radius, re, and the surface brightness it encloses, μe. Both relations (I(a) and I(r)) are accurate as judged by the precision criteria which are: the probable errors for the coefficients , the estimated variance of the fit and the Q value (the square distance between the exact solution and the least square estimated solution) where all very satisfactory. Correlation coefficients between some parameters of the isophotes are also computed. Finally as examples of applications of surface photometry we determined the dynamical properties: mass, density, potential distributions, as well as distributions of escape and circular speeds in terms of Sérsic model.

UBVVI Surface Photometry of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 300 in the Sculptor Group

We present UBVI surface photometry over a 20.5' × 20.5' area of the late-type spiral galaxy NGC 300. We have derived isophotal maps, surface brightness profiles, ellipticity profiles, position angle profiles, and color profiles. By merging our I-band measurements with those of Boker et al. based on Hubble Space Telescope observations, we have obtained combined I-band surface brightness profiles for the region 0.02' < r < 500' and have decomposed the profiles into three components: a nucleus, a bulge, and an exponential disk.

基于Python的自动测光程序设计与实现

本文基于Python设计和实现自动测光程序。首先扫描文件名实现文件分类;然后进行数据检查、预处理与孔径测光,并保存测光数据;最终由观测者指定目标星与比较星,程序从测光结果中提取相应星等与观测时间等数据,获得基于较差测光法的光变曲线。为解决数据提取中星图匹配问题,提出自动追踪移动目标的基于向量特征星图匹配算法,能自动匹配偏移较大的星图,并跟踪不断移动的小行星。使用本程序分别处理双星和小行星观测数据,并与IRAF(Image Reducation and Analysis Facility)测光结果比较,测光结果最大偏差分别为0.04 mag和0.043 mag,标准偏差分别为±0.005 mag和±0.007 mag。

基于数字图像相关光测法的CFRP测试与分析

为了开展碳纤维增强复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced plastics, CFRP)片材的拉伸弹性模量和弯曲模量测试,对CFRP试件进行拉伸试验和三点弯曲试验,同时开展了电测法和数字图像相关(digital image correlation, DIC)光测法的测量与分析.研究结果表明:通过电测法与DIC光测法测得的拉伸弹性模量分别为19.1 GPa和19.3 GPa,结果较为接近;通过电测法和DIC光测法测得的弯曲模量分别为18.5 GPa和19.2 GPa,结果相差较大;基于轴拉试件的电测法数据,建立了三点弯曲有限元模型,电测法分析得到的试件位移场、应变场与DIC光测法分析结果吻合,验证了DIC光测法计算结果的可靠性;与电测法相比,DIC光测法具有非接触、场域测试特性等优点,可用于实时监测试件面域位移场,从而得到其面域应变场.

2.16 m望远镜偏振光度计

为了使2.16 m望远镜具备线偏振测光观测能力,开展了偏振光度计研制。该系统采用双通道分时偏振成像方案,具有偏振定标单元、偏振测量单元,可实现偏振定标、偏振测量和多色测光。完成系统研制后,将其安装在2.16 m望远镜上开展实测,依照该偏振光度计偏振观测流程拍摄了一系列非偏振标准星、偏振标准星、流量标准星;按照偏振定标和偏振态解算数据处理方法,对获取图像进行数据处理。结果显示:该偏振光度计视场为4.63′×4.63′,像元比例尺为0.54(″)/pixel,偏振度测量精度优于0.01,60 s曝光时间可以拍摄到V波段信噪比约为141的15.3等星。该偏振光度计使2.16 m望远镜具备V波段线偏振测光和快速多色测光观测能力。