Surface phonon resonance:A new mechanism for enhancing photonic spin Hall effect and refractive index sensor

Metal-based surface plasmon resonance(SPR)plays an important role in enhancing the photonic spin Hall effect(SHE)and developing sensitive optical sensors.However,the very large negative permittivities of metals limit their applications beyond the near-infrared regime.In this work,we theoretically present a new mechanism to enhance the photonic SHE by taking advantage of SiC-supported surface phonon resonance(SPhR)in the mid-infrared regime.The transverse displacement of photonic SHE is very sensitive to the wavelength of incident light and the thickness of SiC layer.Under the optimal parameter setup,the calculated largest transverse displacement of SiC-based SPhR structure reaches up to 163.8 ym,which is much larger than the condition of SPR.Moreover,an NO_(2) gas sensor based on the SPhR-enhanced photonic SHE is theoretically proposed with the superior sensing performance.Both the intensity and angle sensitivity of this sensor can be effectively manipulated by varying the damping rate of SiC.The results may provide a promising paradigm to enhance the photonic SHE in the mid-infrared region and open up new opportunity of highly sensitive refractive index sensors.

Orbit–orbit interaction and photonic orbital Hall effect in reflection of a light beam

We examine the orbit-orbit interaction when a paraxial beamwith intrinsic orbital angular momentum （IOAM） reflects at an air-glass interface. The orbital-dependent splitting of the beam intensity distribution arises due to the interaction between IOAM and extrinsic orbital angular momentum （EOAM）. In addition, we find that the beam centroid shows an orbital-dependent rotation when seen along the propagation axis. However, the motion of the beam centroid related to the orbit-orbit interaction undergoes a straight line trajectory with a small angle inclining from the propagation axis. Similar to a previously developed spin-dependent splitting in the photonic spin Hall effect, the orbital-dependent splitting could lead to the photonic orbital Hall effect.

Enhancing terahertz photonic spin Hall effect via optical Tamm state and the sensing application

The photonic spin Hall effect(PSHE),characterized by two splitting beams with opposite spins,has great potential applications in nano-photonic devices,optical sensing fields,and precision metrology.We present the significant enhancement of terahertz(THz)PSHE by taking advantage of the optical Tamm state(OTS)in In Sb-distributed Bragg reflector(DBR)structure.The spin shift of reflected light can be dynamically tuned by the structural parameters(e.g.the thickness)of the InSb-DBR structure as well as the temperature,and the maximum spin shift for a horizontally polarized incident beam at 1.1 THz can reach up to 11.15 mm.Moreover,we propose a THz gas sensing device based on the enhanced PSHE via the strong excitation of OTS for the InSb-DBR structure with a superior intensity sensitivity of 5.873×10^(4)mm/RIU and good stability.This sensor exhibits two orders of magnitude improvement compared with the similar PSHE sensor based on In Sb-supported THz long-range surface plasmon resonance.These findings may provide an alternative way for the enhanced PSHE and offer the opportunity for developing new optical sensing devices.

Tailoring topological corner states in photonic crystals by near-and far-field coupling effects

We explore the behaviors of optically coupled topological corner states in supercell arrays composed of photonic crystal rods,where each supercell is a second-order topological insulator.Our findings indicate that the coupled corner states possess nondegenerate eigenfrequencies at theΓpoint,with coupled dipole corner states excited resonantly by incident plane waves and displaying a polarization-independent characteristic.The resonance properties of coupled dipole corner states can be effectively modulated via evanescently near-field coupling,while multipole decomposition shows that they are primarily dominated by electric quadrupole moment and magnetic dipole moment.Furthermore,we demonstrate that these coupled corner states can form surface lattice resonances driven by diffractively far-field coupling,leading to a dramatic increase in the quality factor.This work introduces more optical approaches to tailoring photonic topological states,and holds potential applications in mid-infrared topological micro-nano devices.

Photonic spin Hall effect:fundamentals and emergent applications

The photonic spin Hall effect(SHE)refers to the transverse spin separation of photons with opposite spin angular momentum,after the beam passes through an optical interface or inhomogeneous medium,manifested as the spin-dependent splitting.It can be considered as an analogue of the SHE in electronic systems:the light’s right-circularly polarized and left-circularly polarized components play the role of the spin-up and spin-down electrons,and the refractive index gradient replaces the electronic potential gradient.Remarkably,the photonic SHE originates from the spin-orbit interaction of the photons and is mainly attributed to two different geometric phases,i.e.,the spin-redirection Rytov-Vlasimirskii-Berry in momentum space and the Pancharatnam-Berry phase in Stokes parameter space.The unique properties of the photonic SHE and its powerful ability to manipulate the photon spin,gradually,make it a useful tool in precision metrology,analog optical computing and quantum imaging,etc.In this review,we provide a brief framework to describe the fundamentals and advances of photonic SHE,and give an overview on the emergent applications of this phenomenon in different scenes.

Asymmetrical photonic spin Hall effect based on dielectric metasurfaces

The photonic spin Hall effect has attracted considerable research interest due to its potential applications in spincontrolled nanophotonic devices.However,realization of the asymmetrical photonic spin Hall effect with a single optical element is still a challenge due to the conjugation of the Pancharatnam-Berry phase,which reduces the flexibility in various applications.Here,we demonstrate an asymmetrical spin-dependent beam splitter based on a single-layer dielectric metasurface exhibiting strong and controllable optical response.The metasurface consists of an array of dielectric nanofins,where both varying rotation angles and feature sizes of the unit cells are utilized to create high-efficiency dielectric metasurfaces,which enables to break the conjugated characteristic of phase gradient.Thanks to the superiority of the phase modulation ability,when the fabricated metasurface is under normal incidence with a wavelength of 1550 nm,the lefthanded circular polarization(LCP)light exhibits an anomalous refraction angle of 28.9°,while the right-handed circular polarization(RCP)light transmits directly.The method we proposed can be used for the flexible manipulation of spin photons and has potentials in high efficiency metasurfaces with versatile functionalities,especially with metasurfaces in a compact space.

Design of Photonic Crystal Fiber Capable of Carrying Multiple Orbital Angular Momentum Modes Transmission

For the traditional photonic crystal fibers with circular air holes, rectangular air holes are added to the fiber cladding. The periodic arrangement of the inner rectangular air holes allows the fiber structure to better match the annular mode field distribution of the vortex beam. The fiber structure was analyzed and calculated by COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 finite element software, and the characteristics of fiber were analyzed, such as the dispersion, confinement loss, effective mode area and nonlinear coefficient. The results reveal that the photonic crystal fiber structure capable of carrying 50 orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes at the wavelength of 1.15 to 2.0 μm (850 nm). The effective refractive index difference Δneff between vector modes can reach 1 × 10-3, and larger difference can effectively separate the vector modes and improve the transmission performance of OAM modes. Moreover, the fiber has good performance, such as flat dispersion distribution of the low-order modes, low confinement loss below 10-9 dB·m-1, large effective mode field area and small nonlinear coefficient in the 850 nm wavelength range. Therefore, this fiber structure can be applied to the high-capacity communication system of fiber multiplexing OAM. In addition, the good characteristics of this fiber structure are of great significance for the transmission of vortex beam in fiber.

Design and simulation of a silicon-based hybrid integrated optical gyroscope system

By combining a silicon-based lithium niobate modulator and a silicon-based Si3N4resonator with silicon-based photonics technology,a highly systematic design of a hybrid integrated optical gyroscope with enhanced reciprocity sensitivity and a dual micro-ring structure is proposed for the first time in this paper.The relationship between the device's structural parameters and optical performance is also analyzed by constructing a complete simulation link,which provides a theoretical design reference to improve the system's sensitivity.When the wavelength is 1550 nm,the conversion frequency of the dual-ring optical path is 50 MHz,the coupling coefficient is 0.2,and the radius R is 1000μm,the quality factor of the silicon-based Si_(3)N_(4)resonator is 2.58×10^(5),which is 1.58 times that of the silicon-on-insulator resonator.Moreover,the effective number of times the light travels around the ring before leaving the micro-ring is 5.93,which is 1.62 times that of the silicon-on-insulator resonator.The work fits the gyro dynamic output diagram,and solves the problem of low sensitivity at low speed by setting the phase offset.This results provide a basis for the further optimization of design and chip processing of the integrated optical gyroscope.

块状和超薄磁性材料中巨大且可调控的面内自旋角位移

磁光克尔效应是指处于磁场中的光束在磁体表面发生反射时,反射光的偏振面相对入射光发生旋转的物理现象,它反映了磁化强度对磁性材料光学性质的影响.磁性介质的磁光克尔效应则由含磁光常数的介电张量表征,因此对磁光常数进行精确测量具有重要的科学意义.光子自旋霍尔效应表现为光束在折射率不同的介质界面上传输时由于自旋-轨道相互作用而产生的光子自旋分裂现象.过去大多数研究利用光子自旋霍尔效应的横向空间位移来表征磁光常数.然而,现有工作只考虑了单个磁场方向的磁光克尔效应,并且由于微小的自旋空间位移而需要引入复杂的弱测量技术.本文从理论上全面探究了3种磁光克尔效应条件下的面内自旋角位移,发现通过改变磁场方向和磁性材料的厚度(考虑块状和超薄)可以实现对光子自旋霍尔效应的有效操纵.同时,该研究提出了一种直接测量磁光常数的新方法,即通过直接观测巨大的面内自旋角位移来表征磁光常数的振幅与相位.该方法不需要引入弱测量系统,不仅为磁光常数的测量提供了直接有效的探针,并且扩展了自旋光子学的相关研究.

含光学非线性介质薄膜对表面等离子波的影响

表面等离子体是在金属和电介质交界面上所形成的电荷层,在电磁波的激励下表面等离子体会发生共振现象,影响电磁波的传播。为了拓宽表面等离子体共振技术的应用,研究了多层纳米膜结构中的表面等离子体共振,并且根据Fresnel公式和Walpita描述的矩阵方法,计算了光在含有非线性介质的多层纳米膜中传播时的反射率R,其中非线性介质具有光克尔效应和双光子吸收。应用Matlab软件,画出了反射系数R和入射角θ之间的关系曲线。进一步讨论了光学非线性对表面等离子体共振角谱的影响,其中光强在0.5×1012W/m2到1.5×1012W/m2的范围内,Rmin随着入射光强的增加而变大,而θp随入射光强的增加而呈递减的趋势。

基于合金介电常数的可控特性增强光子自旋霍尔效应

基于平面角谱理论,系统研究了BK7玻璃-合金薄膜-空气结构中合金介电常数的变化对反射光自旋霍尔效应的调控规律.数值仿真结果表明,该结构发生表面等离激元共振的共振角主要受合金介电常数实部的影响,随介电常数实部的增加而增大,而虚部对共振角变化的影响相对较小.不同介电常数合金在其共振角处得到的较大光子自旋霍尔效应横移呈集中的带状分布,选取介电常数-2.8+1.6i的Ag-Ni合金时,光子自旋霍尔效应横移能达到1.2×10~5 nm.研究还发现将入射角固定为44.1°时,光子自旋霍尔效应横移随合金介电常数的变化呈轴对称分布,并以最大值为中心呈球面状辐射,离中心点越远光子自旋霍尔效应横移越小.选取介电常数-10.6+1.2i的Ag-Au合金时,光子自旋霍尔效应横移最大能达到8000 nm,相比于以往纯金属纳米结构BK7玻璃-金-空气中得到的最大光子自旋霍尔效应横移3000 nm有了较大的提高.该研究不仅能够有效增强光子自旋霍尔效应,还能为设计等离激元共振传感器等纳米光子器件提供理论依据.

基于微环谐振器的光学数模转换器

提出并实现了一种基于微环谐振器的2位光学数模转换器,该器件由2个微环谐振器和2个1×2光学分束器构成,该结构可以将一个2位电学数字信号转换成一个光学模拟信号。在SOI晶圆上制备出该光学数模转换器,采用热光效应调制微环谐振器。在输出端口得到光学模拟信号。通过静态光谱测试,确定微环谐振器的驱动电压和工作波长,最终展示了50ksamples/s的动态数模转换结果。

All-optical AND/OR/NOT logic gates based on photonic crystal ring resonators

Photonic crystal based ring resonators are best choice for designing all-optical devices. In this paper, we used a basic structure of photonic crystal ring resonators and designed all optical logic gates which are working using the Kerr effect. The proposed gates consisted of upper and lower wavegnides coupled through a resonator which was designed for dropping of special wavelength. The resonance wavelength was designed for 1550 nm telecom operation wavelength. We used numerical meth- ods such as plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain （FDTD） for performing our simulations and studied the optical properties of the proposed structures. Our results showed that the critical input power for triggering the gate output was lower compared to previously reported gates.

光的自旋-轨道相互作用

光的自旋-轨道相互作用是指光的自旋角动量和轨道角动量之间的相互作用,它存在于反射、折射、散射、衍射、聚焦等基本的光学过程中。在传统大尺度量级的经典光学中可以忽略自旋-轨道相互作用的影响,但在亚波长尺度下,自旋和轨道角动量之间会发生强耦合。对光的自旋-轨道相互作用的基本起源和重要应用进行了综述。首先,介绍了光的自旋-轨道相互作用的两个重要基本概念:光子角动量和几何相位理论。其次,分别介绍了自旋-内禀轨道角动量和自旋-外禀轨道角动量两种相互作用的基本原理。然后,重点介绍了光自旋-轨道相互作用的研究进展以及代表性应用。最后,对光自旋-轨道相互作用相关研究面临的挑战和未来的研究方向进行了展望。

表面等离子体激元在圆筒形金属波导中的角动量特性

利用解析方法计算了金属圆筒系统中的光子自旋特性,研究结果显示:每个传输本征模都具有反常自旋特性,且自旋特性与本征模式的阶数有关;横向自旋方向与传输方向锁定,形成手性关系,横向自旋方向在圆筒内部遵循左手螺旋规则,在圆筒外部遵循右手螺旋规则.

Ultrafast polarization optical switch constructed from one-dimensional photonic crystal and its performance analysis

All-optical switch with the ultrafast optical switching rate is a key device in the next generation optical network.In this article,we propose a polarization switch with ps switching time,which is constructed from one-dimensional resonant photonic crystal(1D RPC).The model of switch operating at 1.5 μm is established based on the optical stark effect(OSE).We calculate the performance indices of the switch and the influences of errors of periods and refractive index on the performance characteristics.

设计低对称性全电介质椭圆格点能谷光子晶体

二维拓扑光子绝缘体中格点的对称性作为一个设计的自由度还未被探索。在此研究中通过使用对称性较低的椭圆形格点来研究格点对称性对于能谷光子禁带的影响。通过改变椭圆形格点的长轴方向能够改变能谷光子禁带的中心波长及宽度,并将具有不同禁带宽度及中心波长的全电介质能谷光子晶体结构以镜面对称的方式组合实现全电介质光子拓扑绝缘体波导结构,实现了抗散射鲁棒单向光传输。该研究拓展了能谷光子晶体设计的自由度,为全电介质能谷光子晶体设计提供了新的可能性。

硅基微环腔相关光子对光源输出特性研究

硅基微环腔的结构参数、半导体特性和工艺形貌会对相关光子对输出重复频率产生重要影响。将晶体硅非线性损耗计入输出重复频率的仿真计算,推导出全通型硅基微环腔自发四波混频效应模型,并利用该模型研究了全通型硅基微环腔品质因数、微环腔半径、晶体硅自由载流子寿命等参数对输出重复频率的影响.结果表明,当外品质因数取值5×10~4,抽运功率达到15 mW且继续升高时,输出重复频率反而降低;理想情况下微环腔半径越小,输出重复频率越高;对硅基微环腔相关光子对光源而言,提高输出重复频率的首选方案是降低自由载流子寿命。

基于介质加载型表面等离激元的微环热光开关

虽然现有热光开关能够实现较低的功耗或者较快的响应时间,但是光开关普遍尺寸较大或结构较为复杂,在实际应用中受到较大限制。为了实现结构紧凑,响应时间短的热光开关,基于介质加载型表面等离激元微环谐振器提出了一种结构紧凑,响应快速的热光开关。该介质加载型表面等离激元微环由多层材料结构组成,自下而上的结构为PMMA层、Au层、SiO_(2)层以及Si层。Au层不仅可用作激发表面等离激元的材料,还可作为加热器。采用有限元方法对该热光开关的光学传输模式,温度分布等性能进行研究分析;为了验证该热光开关的动态特性,在波长为1 530~1 570 nm条件下,采用光-热多物理场耦合分析方法对该微环热光开关的光信号传输影响频谱以及响应时间等动态特性进行分析研究。研究结果表明,该微环热光开关具有快速的响应速度和低加热功率,上升时间和下降时间分别为2.5μs和6.8μs。此外,该微环热光开关的插入损耗为0.13 dB。提出的基于介质加载型表面等离激元不仅能够兼容传统半导体制备工艺,还具有优异的动态性能,在光电集成电路中具有较好的应用潜力。

表面等离子体无掩膜干涉光刻系统的数值分析(英文)

表面等离子体激元具有近场增强效应,可以代替光子作为曝光源形成纳米级特征尺寸的图像.本文数值分析了棱镜辅助表面等离子体干涉系统的参量空间,并给出了计算原理和方法.结果表明,适当地选择高折射率棱镜、低银层厚度、入射波长和光刻胶折射率,可以获得高曝光度、高对比度的干涉图像.入射波长为431nm时,选择40nm厚的银层,曝光深度可达200nm,条纹周期为110nm.数值分析结果为实验的安排提供了理论支持.