Preliminary Study on Inheritance of Stigma Exertion in Wheat Thermo-photo Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Line

Stigma exertion is one of the key factors for improving the outcrossing ability of wheat thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile（TPSGMS） line. A DH population derived from K239S/K92 S was constructed to investigate the inheritance of stigma exertion. K239 S and K92 S are TPSGMS lines with higher and lower stigma exertion rates（SER）, respectively. The SERs of parents, reciprocal crosses and the DH population were evaluated for two consecutive years. The results showed that no significant difference was observed in SER between F1 s of K239S/K92 S and K92S/K239 S,implying that stigma exertion was a trait controlled by nuclear gene（s）. In the DH population, the segregation of low and high SERs fitted to a ratio of 3 ∶1 by Chisquare test, suggesting that the stigma exertion of K239 S was controlled by one pair of recessive genes. In addition, the effects of temperature and humidity on the expression of stigma exertion were also discussed.

Inheritance of the Male Sterility in a New Photo/Thermo-Sensitive Genie Male Sterile Line B06S of Rice

The major male sterile genes in a new photo/thermo-sensitive genie male sterile (PTGMS) line B06S of rice were analyzed by the manipulation of mixture distribution theory. The results indicated that a pair of major male sterile nuclear genes with large effects were responsible for controlling the male sterility of B06S.

Factors Influencing the Outcrossed Seed-Setting Obstacles of Photo-thermo Sensitive Genie Male Sterile Rice

Using photo-thermo sensitive genie male rice (PTGMS) Pei' ai 64S, W7415S, W6154S, N26S, Annong S, Nongken 58S, 7001S and 5088S as female parents and conventional indica lines 8258 and U89 as male parents, the factors affecting outcrossed seed-setting were analyzed. The PTGMS had obstacles in outcrossed seed setting influenced by inheritance and environment at varying degrees. Environmental temperature was regarded as the main factor that resulted in the outcrossed seed-setting obstacles. The sensitive stage was at the early stage of grain filling for outcrossed seed setting. There existed remarkable differences at the sensitivity stage, the duration of sensitive period, the sensitive level and the effective level of outcrossed seed-setting obstacles caused by environmental temperature among different PTGMS lines. Therefore, attention should be paid to outcrossed seed-setting obstacles in selection and utilization of PTGMS lines.

Studies on the Photoperiod Sensitive Characters of Male Fertility Alteration of Peiai64S' Main Male Genic Sterile Gene

Peiai64S, an indica male sterile rice with a male fertility alteration under different environments, is selected from the offspring of indica rice crossed with Nongken58S. Nongken58S, a japonica pho-toperiod sensitive genie male sterile rice (PGMS), deriving from a natural mutant plant individual of normal japonica rice variety, Nongken58, is used as a male sterile gene donor of Peiai64S. But Peiai64S is not a typical PGMS rice, the male fertility is sensitive to temperature just as thermo-sensitive genie male sterile rice (TGMS). We have selected typical PGMS plants in F2 population of Peiai64S× Nongken58, whose ratio of fertile plants to sterile plants is nearly 3:1. The sterility inheritance conformed to one pair of gene segregation model. The result indicates the main male sterile gene in Peiai64S is not other than the PGMS gene, and comes from Nongken58S. The genetic background affects effective expression of the PGMS gene. This suggests that we ought to focus on optimizing the genetic background of the PGMS gene in PGMS rice breeding, and select an ideal genetic background as a transgenic background in molecular breeding.

Identifying and mapping cDNA fragments related to rice photoperiod sensitive genic male sterility

The differentially expressed cDNA fragments have been obtained by differential screening with cDNA-RAPD technique in photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile (PGMS) rice. Some of them have been reassessed with Northern blot hybridization, from which a PGMS-related positive fragment, RPG43, has been identified. Further analysis on RPG43 with Southern blot and RAPD indicates that the fragment is a single-copy sequence and its mRNA has been processed after transcription. Sequence analysis reveals that RPG43 is 744 bp in length and contains a 60 bp region (from 126th to 185th bp) showing 72% homology to a human DNA sequence, pac pDJ-356d6, on chromosome 11. So it is a new sequence found in plant and its GenBank access number is AF126027. In addition, RPG43 has been mapped to a position 3.8 cM away from RFLP marker R1553 on chromosome 5 of rice.

小麦光温敏核雄性不育系BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率研究

为了解小麦光温敏核雄性不育系BS366和BS1086的育性恢复状况,评估恢复系人工定向改良对其恢复能力的效果,在不育生态区对以55份定向改良的恢复系和33份非改良恢复系(常规小麦)为父本配制的杂种一代的结实率进行了分析。结果表明,BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率变化范围为15.42%~140.34%和20.28%~119.07%(国际法),平均结实率分别为73.02%和72.21%,二者差异不显著,说明2份母本的育性恢复能力差异不显著。BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率主要分布于40%~110%和60%~100%间,BS1086杂种一代结实率分布更为集中。BS366和BS1086与改良父本的杂种一代平均结实率分别为84.45%和78.97%,与非改良父本的杂种一代平均结实率分别为53.97%和60.95%,改良父本的平均恢复力高于非改良父本,表明定向改良有利于提高恢复系的恢复力。BS366和BS1086与相同父本的杂种一代结实率差异在-41.66%~61.93%之间,表明相同父本对不同母本的育性恢复力存在差异。BS366和BS1086与相同改良父本的杂种一代中有61.82%的结实率差异分布于-10%~20%之间,与相同非改良父本的杂种一代中有51.52%的结实率差异在-30%~0%之间,表明同一改良父本对不同母本的育性恢复力差异小于非改良父本。BS366与14份父本、BS1086与7份父本的杂种一代结实率高于对照,其中父本14YH261、14YH551、SD036与2份母本杂种一代的结实率均高于对照,说明具有可用恢复力的父本不仅数量极少,而且对不同母本的恢复力存在较大差异。杂种一代主茎穗的平均结实率极显著大于分蘖穗。因此,建议对不同母本分别开展强恢复力的恢复系筛选,并以中选强恢复系为亲本进行定向改良,有效增加杂种一代结实率达对照水平的组合数量,为获得更多强优势杂交组合奠定基础。

外源茉莉酸甲酯对BNS366雄性育性的影响

为探究外源茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)对小麦温敏雄性不育系BNS366雄性育性的影响,以BNS366及其近等基因系郑麦366为试验材料,在正常秋季播种(2020年10月12日)和晚播(2020年12月2日)条件下,分别于2021年3月22日和3月31日开始至开花期前,设置0(清水,对照)、50、100、200、300、400和500μmol·L^(-1) MeJA(水溶液,喷施)7个处理,比较分析了不同处理间花粉可育率和自交结实率的差异。结果表明:在正常秋季播种条件下,郑麦366花粉可育率、国内法自交结实率和国际法自交结实率分别为86.31%、70.36%和112.22%,在晚播条件下分别为82.53%、92.53%和166.18%,均正常可育;在正常秋季播种条件下,200μmol·L^(-1) MeJA处理的国际法自交结实率为70.15%,比对照显著降低了42.07个百分点;在晚播条件下,200、300和500μmol·L^(-1) MeJA处理的国内法自交结实率分别为74.71%、74.01%和73.45%,比对照显著降低了17.82、18.52和19.08个百分点;在两个播期下,郑麦366其他浓度MeJA处理的上述3个指标与对照差异均不显著。在正常秋季播种条件下,BNS366花粉可育率为零,达到全不育水平,国内法自交结实率和国际法自交结实率均为0.24%,100μmol·L^(-1) MeJA处理的花粉可育率为88.25%,达到正常可育水平,国内法自交结实率和国际法自交结实率分别为56.41%和94.01%,能正常结实,与对照差异达到显著水平;在晚播条件下,BNS366的上述3个指标分别为51.72%、41.23%和93.08%,正常可育,100μmol·L^(-1) MeJA处理的国际法自交结实率为39.72%,比对照显著降低了53.36个百分点;在两个播期下,BNS366其他浓度MeJA处理的上述3个指标与对照差异均不显著。由此说明,在2020-2021年,外源MeJA对郑麦366和BNS366可育植株的雄性育性可能具有降低效应,对BNS366不育植株的雄性不育性具有较强恢复效应。

Identification of differentially expressed genes in photo-period sensitive genic male sterile rice by randomly amplified cDNAs using RAPD primers

The fertile and sterile young panicle representational populations were constructed by bulked sampling method using young panicles in the photo-period sensitive stage of fertility transformation.Two populations were analyzed using cDNA-RAPD. The results showed that: ( ⅰ ) bulked sampling method can be employed to analyze differentially expressed genes using cDNA-RAPD, taking an advantage in avoiding false positive caused by conventional sampling method. (ⅱ) Among 150 random primers used, 83 primers amplified the same banding patterns, and 34 primers amplified the same banding pattern but different staining of intensity on gel. ( ⅲ ) 33 primers amplified differential cDNA bands between fertile and sterile cDNA populations, and the ratio of polymorphism was 22%. It is concluded that there may exist a lot of genes relating to sterility, which makes the differentially expressed cDNA fragments complicated.

pms3 is the locus causing the original photoperiod-sensitive male sterility mutation of‘Nongken 58S'

Photoperiod-sensitive genie male sterile (PSGMS) rice is a very useful germplasm for hybrid rice development. It was first found as a spontaneous mutant in a japonic a cultivar 'Nongken 58' . pms3 on chromosome 12 was determined to be the locus where the original PSGMS mutation occurred, changing the normal cultivar Nongken 58 to PSGMS Nongken 58S. Large amounts of RAPD and AFLP analyses were also conducted for the fine mapping of the pms3 genomic region, which resulted in 4 molecular markers linked to pms3. Although these markers somewhat increased the marker density of this region, the pms3 locus is still located in a marker-sparse region.

Construction and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome library of thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile rice 5460S

In order to develop a detailed physical map of the thermo-sensitive genie male-sterile (TGMS) gene-encompassing region and finally clone the TGMS gene, a high-quality rice bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library from TGMS rice 5460S was constructed. The method of constructing BAC library was examined and optimized. The 5460S library consists of 19 584 BAC clones with an average insert size of 110 kb, which represents about 5 times rice haploid genome equivalents. Rice inserts of up to 140 kb and 250 kb were isolated and appeared stable after 100 generations of serial growth. Hybridization of BAC clones with mitochondria! and chloroplastic genes as probes demonstrated that this library has no organellar contamination. The 5460S library was screened with 3 molecular markers linked to tms 1 gene as probes and at least 1 BAC clone was identified with each probe. The insert ends of positive clones were successfully isolated using thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR) technique.

BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系柱头外露规律研究

BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系的开花习性影响其异交性能,进而影响杂交小麦制种产量。为了明确柱头外露对不育系异交结实的影响,以15个不育系为材料,同时选取3个配合力好、制种性状优良的恢复系作为父本,研究不育系从始花期开始连续10 d柱头外露率的变化规律及其与异交结实的相关性。结果表明,不育系在开花过程中柱头外露率基本呈先升后降的变化趋势。在盛花期,柱头外露主要集中在中部穗位。柱头外露性状较好的不育系为BS278-2、BS163、BS366、BS210。相关性分析结果表明,柱头外露率与柱头外露小花异交结实率呈极显著正相关。综上说明,柱头外露是影响不育系异交结实的重要因素之一,在制种时选择具有柱头外露性状的不育系可提升制种产量。以上研究结果为高异交光温敏不育系的选育提供了科学依据。

BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系开颖规律研究

BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系的异交性能直接影响杂交小麦的制种产量,而开花习性是衡量不育系异交性能的重要指标。为了明确开颖率、开颖角度对不育系异交结实率的影响,本研究以15个不育系为材料,同时选取3个配合力好、制种性状优良的恢复系作为父本,分析了不育系在开花过程中开颖率和开颖角度的变化规律及其与异交结实率的相关性。结果表明,在开花过程中,不育系开颖率基本都呈先升后降的变化趋势,且中部和上部穗位开颖较早,但在盛花期,下部穗位开颖角度较大且开颖主要集中在中部穗位,开颖性状较好的不育系为BS278-2、BS185、BS126、BS163、BS136。相关性分析表明,开颖率与开颖小花异交结实率呈极显著正相关,开颖角度与异交结实率呈显著正相关。这说明开颖性状是影响不育系异交结实率的重要因素之一,选育开颖性状好的不育系对提高杂交小麦制种产量具有重要意义。

小麦光温敏雄性不育系BS237ω-黑麦碱基因克隆及序列分析

为研究小麦光温敏雄性不育系BS237中ω-黑麦碱基因编码区特征,利用同源克隆的方法克隆ω-黑麦碱基因的编码区序列,共得到8条具有完整开放阅读框的基因序列(OK999982~OK999985,OK999987~OK999990),基因编码区长度为1002~1074 bp,可编码333~357个氨基酸残基,全部编码RQL型ω-黑麦碱蛋白。NCBI BLAST分析表明克隆序列与已知序列的相似度在91%~100%之间,推断其为ω-黑麦碱基因家族。进化分析表明8个克隆的基因与普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)和黑麦(Secale cereale L.)的ω-黑麦碱基因序列具有较高的同源性,说明ω-黑麦碱基因具有一定的基因组特异性。乳糜泻(CD)免疫肽识别分析表明,8个基因中均分布有5种T细胞免疫肽——Gli-ωt(PQQPFPQQ)、DQ2.5-glia-γ5(QQPFPQQPQ)、QQPY、SPQQ和PQQP,且肽段Gli-ωt(PQQPFPQQ)和PQQP存在多个拷贝。本研究结果可为1BL/1RS类型杂交小麦加工品质的分子改良及乳糜泻疾病的预防提供参考。

小麦温度敏感不育系A3314温敏特性研究

为了建立技术简便、成本低廉的二系杂交小麦种子生产体系 ,选育适应范围广泛的温敏不育系 ,采用多点分期播种和分期剪穗再生分蘖等方法 ,调查分析了小麦温度敏感不育系 A3314的育性转换条件 ,结果表明 :A3314在中国黄淮冬麦区、云贵冬麦区、西北春麦区、东北春麦区各点 ,按当地小麦生产正季播种均表现稳定雄性不育 ,雄性不育的安全播种期达 6 0 d左右 ;而在黄淮和云贵冬麦区春播、夏播则自交结实 ,适宜条件下自交结实率可达 6 0 %以上。杨陵 10期分期播种和 8期分期剪穗再生分蘖的育性与各期孕穗至开花期间的日平均气温、空气相对湿度、日长的关系分析表明 :A3314的育性具有温度敏感特性 ;孕穗期前后 8d,即减数分裂至单核期 ,是其育性转换的敏感时期 ,此期处于 >18.3℃温度条件下 ,A3314则由雄性不育转换为可育 ;育性转换与日长无显著相关 ;在敏感期>18℃的可育环境下 ,自交结实率与 4 0 %～ 80 %范围内的空气相对湿度呈显著正相关。根据 A 3314的温敏特性 ,推测它在中国大部分小麦产区均可安全用于杂交小麦制种。

小麦温敏不育系A3314温敏不育性的遗传研究

为建立技术简便、成本低廉的二系杂交小麦种子生产体系,选育适应范围广泛的温敏不育系,利用发明专利技术(ZL00105488.0)选育的非1B/1R类型K型小麦温敏雄性不育系A3314与恢复系Silverstar的F2和BC1F1分离群体及可育条件下的1B/1R类型K型小麦雄性不育系K3314A与非1B/1R类型K型小麦温敏雄性不育系A3314的F2代及BC1F1代分离群体的育性反应,对小麦温敏雄性不育系A3314的温敏雄性不育基因的遗传进行研究。结果表明,温敏不育系A3314的雄性不育性与K3314A的雄性不育性一致,除受细胞质基因控制外,还受两对隐性核基因的控制,且呈独立遗传。其中A3314中来自斯卑尔脱(T.speltavar.duh.)小麦的K型雄性不育基因rfv1sp为其主效基因,与1B/1R类型K型小麦雄性不育系K3314A的雄性不育主效基因rfv1为一对等位基因,并具有温度敏感特性。

BNS小麦的雄性不育性及其温光特性

【目的】研究BNS育性及其温光特性,探寻育性转换规律,确定其应用价值。【方法】以BNS和百农矮抗58为试材,进行秋季分期播种和春季播种试验,测定不同播期的育性及其日均温度、日照长度的动态变化和温光效应。【结果】(1)BNS小麦雄性不育系的麦穗蓬松,颖壳开张,有透明感;花药干瘪瘦小、不外挂,无或有极少量无活力的花粉,呈圆败型败育;自交不结实,且不育性能稳定遗传;国内、国际法人工饱和授粉结实率79.64%～87.22%、89.89%～102.10%,雌蕊活性正常。(2)BNS温度敏感期为小花原基分化期至雌雄蕊分化期,温度7.4～11.4℃,不育度97.57%～100%(10月17日前播种),高于11.4℃时,育性发生转换,自交结实率随播期的延迟呈现由低(7.71%、9.41%)渐高(70.15%、102.50%)的趋势,不育度则反之;雄性不育性与温度相关密切r=-0.578～-0.866>r0.05/0.01=0.532/0.661;春播BNS的同期温度为15.9℃,自交结实率与对照品种相近,表现正常可育。(3)BNS育性转换时期的自交结实大都集中于麦穗基部、中部,上部几乎不实,与主茎穗比,下落穗易结实,不育性较低。(4)BNS育性变化与光照长度因播期和抽穗前时段的不同表现有所差异,但未有明显的规律。【结论】BNS是光照辅助的温敏型小麦雄性不育系,具有低温不育高温可育的特性。在当地能秋播制种和春播繁殖种子。

水稻光敏核不育系N422s的广亲和性及分类地位初探

N422s是以晚粳型光敏核不育系7001s为供体,广亲和系轮回422为受体,经过杂交转育而成的稳定的中粳型光敏核不育系。亲和性研究表明,N422s不仅与4个标准测验种杂交产生具有正常育性的F_1代,而且与30个不同类型的地方品种(系)杂交F_1代也表现较高的育性。因此,该不育系具有广亲和性及配组自由度大的特点。N422s在形态指数及酚反应上表现为粳型,在杂交亲和力上也偏粳。但是,选用与籼粳分类有关的多位点同工酶进行分析,结果表明它属于籼稻。在光温生态反应上,它也表现出与原始亲本培迪(Padi)相似的反应型。考虑到N422s的广亲和性来自印度尼西亚的平原地方品种培迪,在分类地位上它归属于粳亚种下的爪哇群。

应用花培技术选育优质低温敏水稻核不育系金山S-1

选用性状互补的两个亲本8-1S和香125S杂交,采用系谱育种和花药培养相结合的方法育成两用核不育系金山S-1,已于2004年12月通过福建省科技厅技术鉴定。该两用不育系具临界温度低、不育性稳定、不育期长(>120 d)、米质优、配合力好、异交率结实高等特点。以金山S-1配制的杂交稻新组合具产量高、米质优等特点,具有较广阔的应用前景。

小麦温敏雄性不育系BNY的花粉育性及自交结实性研究

BNY是新发现的小麦温敏雄性不育两用系。为了进一步确定BNY的育性敏感时期,对BNY和CK(温麦6号)的花粉育性及自交结实性进行了系统调查,结果表明,BNY不同蘖位、穗位、花位的花粉败育率存在差异,小分蘖败育率高于大分蘖,大分蘖高于主茎;同一穗不同部位的小穗花粉败育率差异不明显;同一小穗不同花位花粉败育率差异明显,下位小花败育率显著高于上位小花。自交结实率主茎穗高于大分蘖穗,大分蘖穗高于小分蘖穗,但均显著低于CK;主茎穗与大分蘖穗的自交结实率差异不显著,而小分蘖穗与主茎穗及小分蘖穗与大分蘖穗的自交结实率差异显著。

光敏核不育水稻育性转换的温度敏感期研究

在14.5小时长光照下,利用人工气候箱对农垦58S和W6154S于幼穗分化不同时期分别进行不同温度处理。育性结果表明农垦58S的育性转换温度敏感期为颖花原基分化期至单核花粉期,W6154S的温敏期为雌雄蕊形成期至单核花粉期。农垦58S的温敏期较长,育性受低温影响后在高温下要较长时期才能恢复不育;W6154S育性易受低温影响,但温敏期较短,在高温下不育性恢复快。在光敏核不育水稻育性感温性鉴定中,建议在雌雄蕊形成期至减数分裂末期进行温度处理。