Inconsistent increasing of climate potential productivity resulting from global warming and land use transitions in the Dongting Lake Basin,from 2000 to 2020

In the face of global warming and increasing impervious surfaces,quantifying the change of climate potential productivity(CPP)is of great significance for the food production planning.Targeting the Dongting Lake Basin,which is a key area for food production in China,this paper uses meteorological data,as well as Climate Change Initiative Land Cover,and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model to investigate the CPP and its changes from 2000 to 2020.The suitability of land for cultivation(SLC),and the land use/land cover change(LUCC)are also considered.The results showed that the CPP varied from 9,825 to 20,895 kg ha^(-1).Even though the newly added impervious surfaces indirectly resulted in the decrease of CPP by of 9.81×10~8 kg,overall,the CPP increased at an average rate of 83.7 kg ha^(-1)a^(-1).Global warming is the strongest driver behind CPP increase,and CPP has played an important role in the conversions between cultivated land and other land types.The structure of land types tends to be optimized against this challenge.

Variety distribution pattern and climatic potential productivity of spring maize in Northeast China under climate change

This study was based on the daily meteorological data of 101 meteorological stations from 1971 to 2000 and the 0.25°×0.25° grid data from 1951 to 2100 simulated by RegCM3 under the future A1B climatic scenario published by National Climate Center,in combination with the demand of climatic condition for maize growth in Northeast China.The trajectory of agricultural climatic resources and the effects of climate change on variety distribution and climatic potential productivity of spring maize in Northeast China under future climate change were analyzed.The main agro-climatic resource factors include:the initial date daily average temperature stably passing 10℃(≥10℃),the first frost date,the days of growing period,the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature,and the total radiation and precipitation in the growing period.The results showed that:(1) in the coming 100 years,the first date of ≥10℃ would be significantly advanced,and the first frost date would be delayed.The days of growing period would be extended,the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and the total radiation would be significantly increased.However,no significant change was found in precipitation.(2) Due to the climate change,the early-maturing varieties will be gradually replaced by late-maturing varieties in Northeast China,and the planting boundaries of several maize varieties would be extended northward and eastward.(3) There would be a significant change in the climatic potential productivity of maize in Northeast China with the high-value gradually moving towards northeast.(4) It was an effective way to increase the climatic potential productivity of maize by appropriate adjustment of sowing date.

Impacts of climate change on the potential forest productivity based on a climate-driven biophysical model in northeastern China

Climate warming is expected to influence forest growth,composition and distribution.However,accurately estimating and predicting forest biomass,potential productivity or forest growth is still a challenge for forest managers dealing with land-use at the stand to regional levels.In the present study,we predicted the potential productivity(PP)of forest under current and future climate scenarios(RCP2.6,RCP4.5,RCP6.0 and RCP8.5)in Jilin province,northeastern China by using Paterson’s Climate Vegetation and Productivity(CVP)index model.The PP was validated by comparing it with the mean and maximum net primary production calculated from light energy utilization(GLM_PEM).Our results indicated that using the CVP index model is partially valid for predicting the potential forest productivity in northeastern China.PP exhibited obvious spatial heterogeneity varying from 4.6 to 8.9 m3 ha-1 year-1 with an increasing tendency from northwest to southeast driven by the precipitation across the region.The number of vegetation-active months,precipitation and insolation coefficient were identified as the primary factors affecting PP,but no significant relationship was found for warmest temperature or temperature fluctuation.Under future climate scenarios,PP across the Jilin Province is expected to increase from 1.38%(RCP2.6 in 2050)to 15.30%(RCP8.5 in 2070),especially in the eastern Songnen Plain(SE)for the RCP8.5 scenarios.

Effect of Cropland Occupation and Supplement on Light-temperature Potential Productivity in China from 2000 to 2008

There are more people but less land in China,so food safety has always been a most important issue government concerned.With continuous population increase,economic development and environment protection,cropland occupation and supplement are unavoidable.It not only leads to the variation of cropland area,but also makes the light-temperature potential productivity per unit area different due to regional climate differentiation,therefore impacts the total potential productivity and food output eventually.So,it is necessary to analyze the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and to study its impact on total potential productivity,which is significant to reasonably develop natural resources and instruct agricultural arrangement.This study firstly discussed the variation and distribution of occupation and supplement croplands in China from 2000 to 2008,then analyzed the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and its effect on light-temperature potential productivity.The results demonstrate:1) From 2000 to 2008,the cropland variation presented occupation in the south and supplement in the north,but overall decreased.Supplement cropland was mainly from ecological reclamation(77.78%) and was mainly distributed in Northeast China and Northwest China with poor climatic and natural conditions.Occupation cropland was mainly used for construction(52.88%) and ecological restoration(44.78%) purposes,and was mainly distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,and the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River with better climatic and natural conditions.2) The climate conditions were quite different in supplement and occupation cropland areas.The annual precipitation,annual accumulated temperature and average annual temperature were lower in the supplement cropland area,and its average po-tential productivity per unit was only 62% of occupation cropland area,which was the main reason for the decrease of total potential productivity.3) Cropland occupation and supplement led to the variation of total potential productivity and its spatial distribution.The productivity decreased in the south and increased in the north,but had a net loss of 4.38315×107 t in the whole country.The increase of cropland area was at the cost of reclaiming natural forest and grassland resources,and destroying natural ecological environment,while the decrease of cropland area was mainly due to a lot of cropland occupied by urban-rural construction,which threatened the sustainable use of cropland resources.

The Potential Scenarios of the Impacts of Climate Change on Egyptian Resources and Agricultural Plant Production

The emissions of greenhouse gasses in Egypt are about 0.58% of the total emissions of the world in the year 2015, although Egypt is one of the countries most affected by the impacts of climate change. By assessment and analysis of the expected economic impacts of climate change by the year 2030, the Egyptian cultivated area will be reduced to about 0.949 million acres, equal to about 8.22% of the Egyptian cultivated area compared with the case of no sinking part of the Delta land, thus reducing crop area in Egypt to about 1.406 million acres, approximately to about 6.25% of crop area compared with the case of no sinking part of the Delta land, in addition to surplus in the Egyptian balance water to about 2.48 billion m3. In this case value of the Egyptian agriculture production will decrease by about 6.19 billion dollars, equal to about 6.19% compared with presumably no sinking of the Delta land. In the case of sinking 15% of Delta lands, with the change of the productivity and water consumption of most crops, the result will be a reduction in the cultivated area to about 0.94 million acres. In addition to decreasing the Egyptian crop area to about 1.39 million acres, with a deficit in the Egyptian balance water to about 4.74 billion m3 compared to the case of no sinking part of the Delta land, the cultivated area will decrease to about 8.17%, and the crop area will decrease 6.18%. Also, the value of the Egyptian agriculture production will decrease by about 12.51%. While compared to sinking part of the Delta land to about 15% of the total Delta area without the other impacts of climate change, the cultivated area will increase by about 0.06%;the crop area will increase by about 0.08%;also, the value of the Egyptian agriculture production will decrease by about 5.57%.

Comparison of the Impacts of Climate Change on Potential Productivity of Different Staple Crops in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of North China

The aim of this study is to compare the impacts of climate change on the potential productivity and potential productivity gaps of sunflower （Helianthus annuus）, potato （Solanurn tuberosurn）, and spring wheat （Triticumaestivurn Linn） in the agro-pastoral ecotone （APE） of North China. A crop growth dynamics statistical method was used to calculate the potential productivity affected by light, temperature, precipitation, and soil fertility. The growing season average temperature increased by 0.47, 0.48, and 0.52℃ per decade （p 〈 0.05） for sunflower, potato, and spring wheat, respectively, from 1981 to 2010. Meanwhile, the growing season solar radiation showed a decreasing trend （p 〈 0.05） and the growing season precipitation changed non-significantly across APE. The light-temperature potential productivity increased by 4.48% per decade for sunflower but decreased by 1.58% and 0.59% per decade for potato and spring wheat. The climate soil potential productivity reached only 31.20%, 27.79%, and 20.62% of the light-emperature potential produc- tivity for sunflower, potato, and spring wheat, respectively. The gaps between the light-temperature and climate-soil potential productivity increased by 6.41%, 0.97%, and 1.29% per decade for sunflower, potato, and spring wheat, respectively. The increasing suitability of the climate for sunflower suggested that the sown area of sunflower should be increased compared with potato and spring wheat in APE under future climate warming.

Impact of Climate Change on Maize Potential Productivity and the Potential Productivity Gap in Southwest China

The impact of climate change on maize potential productivity and the potential productivity gap in Southwest China（SWC） are investigated in this paper.We analyze the impact of climate change on the photosynthetic,light-temperature,and climatic potential productivity of maize and their gaps in SWC,by using a crop growth dynamics statistical method.During the maize growing season from 1961 to 2010,minimum temperature increased by 0.20℃ per decade（p 〈 0.01） across SWC.The largest increases in average and minimum temperatures were observed mostly in areas of Yunnan Province.Growing season average sunshine hours decreased by 0.2 h day^（-1） per decade（p 〈 0.01） and total precipitation showed an insignificant decreasing trend across SWC.Photosynthetic potential productivity decreased by 298 kg ha^（-1）per decade（p 〈 0.05）.Both light-temperature and climatic potential productivity decreased（p 〈 0.05） in the northeast of SWC,whereas they increased（p 〈 0.05） in the southwest of SWC.The gap between lighttemperature and climatic potential productivity varied from 12 to 2729 kg ha^（-1）,with the high value areas centered in northern and southwestern SWC.Climatic productivity of these areas reached only 10%-24%of the light-temperature potential productivity,suggesting that there is great potential to increase the maize potential yield by improving water management in these areas.In particular,the gap has become larger in the most recent 10 years.Sensitivity analysis shows that the climatic potential productivity of maize is most sensitive to changes in temperature in SWC.The findings of this study are helpful for quantification of irrigation water requirements so as to achieve maximum yield potentials in SWC.

Impacts of LUCC processes on potential land productivity in China in the 1990s

Using meteorological data and RS dynamic land-use observation data set, the po-tential land productivity that is limited by solar radiation and temperature is estimated and the impacts of recent LUCC processes on it are analyzed in this paper. The results show that the influence of LUCC processes on potential land productivity change has extensive and unbal-anced characteristics. It generally reduces the productivity in South China and increases it in North China, and the overall effect is increasing the total productivity by 26.22 million tons. The farmland reclamation and original farmlands losses are the primary causes that led potential land productivity to change. The reclamation mostly distributed in arable-pasture and arable-forest transitional zones and oasises in northwestern China has made total productivity increase by 83.35 million tons, accounting for 3.50% of the overall output. The losses of original farmlands driven by built-up areas invading and occupying arable land are mostly distributed in the regions which have rapid economic development, e.g. Huang-Huai-Hai plain, Yangtze River delta, Zhu-jiang delta, central part of Gansu, southeast coastal region, southeast of Sichuan Basin and Urumqi-Shihezi. It has led the total productivity to decrease 57.13 million tons, which is 2.40% of the overall output.

NPP vulnerability of the potential vegetation of China to climate change in the past and future

Using the Integrated Biosphere Simulator, a dynamic vegetation model, this study initially simulated the net primary productivity（NPP） dynamics of China＇s potential vegetation in the past 55 years（1961–2015） and in the future 35 years（2016–2050）. Then, taking the NPP of the potential vegetation in average climate conditions during 1986–2005 as the basis for evaluation, this study examined whether the potential vegetation adapts to climate change or not. Meanwhile, the degree of inadaptability was evaluated. Finally, the NPP vulnerability of the potential vegetation was evaluated by synthesizing the frequency and degrees of inadaptability to climate change. In the past 55 years, the NPP of desert ecosystems in the south of the Tianshan Mountains and grassland ecosystems in the north of China and in western Tibetan Plateau was prone to the effect of climate change. The NPP of most forest ecosystems was not prone to the influence of climate change. The low NPP vulnerability to climate change of the evergreen broad-leaved and coniferous forests was observed. Furthermore, the NPP of the desert ecosystems in the north of the Tianshan Mountains and grassland ecosystems in the central and eastern Tibetan Plateau also had low vulnerability to climate change. In the next 35 years, the NPP vulnerability to climate change would reduce the forest–steppe in the Songliao Plain, the deciduous broad-leaved forests in the warm temperate zone, and the alpine steppe in the central and western Tibetan Plateau. The NPP vulnerability would significantly increase of the temperate desert in the Junggar Basin and the alpine desert in the Kunlun Mountains. The NPP vulnerability of the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests would also increase. The area of the regions with increased vulnerability would account for 27.5% of China.

气候变化背景下黑龙江省东南部水稻增产潜力评估分析

研究旨在评估黑龙江省东南部水稻气候生产潜力,并分析其增产空间,以便为该地区合理有效利用气候资源、提高水稻生产力提供科学依据。通过收集发育期观测数据,确定了水稻播种、移栽及成熟的临界温度指标,并采用联合国粮食和农业组织(FAO)推荐的逐步订正法计算了水稻的气候生产潜力。进而还分析了多年气候变化对水稻生产潜力的影响。研究结果显示,播种期、出苗期和成熟期的临界温度分别为5℃、12.5℃、10℃。在五常、宾县、宁安地区,无论是从播种到成熟期间,还是从移栽到成熟期间,水稻的气候生产潜力均呈现出增长趋势。特别是在气候变暖的情况下,宁安地区的水稻生产受到了积极影响。通过对1961-2020年的数据进行分析,发现黑龙江省东南部从播种到成熟期的水稻单产增产潜力呈现先下降后升高的趋势,该地区的水稻实际生产力逐渐提高,即实际单产有所增加。然而,与其气候生产潜力相比,仍存在较大的差距,表明该地区水稻的增产空间仍然巨大。本研究的结果不仅为水稻生产的合理布局提供了科学依据,还为充分有效利用气候资源提供了指导。

闽东葡萄气候生产潜力及利用率研究

【目的】探明区域气候变化对葡萄气候生产潜力的影响,为高效利用区域气候资源、优化葡萄产业布局提供依据。【方法】利用1971-2020年闽东9个国家基本气象站气象资料、2000-2019年闽东葡萄面积、产量资料,采用作物生长动态统计模型法、线性趋势分析法、Manner-Kendall检验法等分析闽东葡萄光合、光温、气候生产潜力及气候资源利用率的时空分布特征。【结果】近50年闽东葡萄光合、光温、气候生产潜力分别为59 313.2 kg/hm^(2)、 37 965.1 kg/hm^(2)、 36 868.0 kg/hm2,气候倾向率分别为-87.7 kg/(hm^(2)·10a)、869.1 kg/(hm^(2)·10a)、1 046.7 kg/(hm^(2)·10a)。气候潜力于1999年发生突变后呈加速上升趋势;在空间分布上,东部沿海气候潜力高,西北部山区低,高低值中心分别在福安市和周宁县。气温、降水对生产潜力的削减幅度分别为33%~40%、2%~4%,温度订正系数平均为0.6,降水订正系数平均为1.0,气候生产潜力与温度、降水、日照的相关系数分别为0.71、-0.31、0.70;闽东气候资源利用率平均为46%,与单产、气候生产潜力的相关系数分别为0.72、0.55。【结论】闽东葡萄气候生产潜力东部沿海优于西北部山区,气温是对闽东葡萄气候生产潜力影响最大的因子,降水增多带来负效应。葡萄种植结构格局与气候生产潜力空间分布匹配较好,通过提高葡萄单产水平、加强葡萄园区小气候调节等措施,闽东葡萄气候生产潜力的利用仍有较大提升空间。

1961—2019年湖北省一季稻气候生产潜力时空变化规律

为研究气候资源变化对湖北省一季稻气候生产潜力的影响,采用湖北省28个气象站点1961—2019年逐日地面气象资料及一季稻生育期资料,分析一季稻生育期内太阳总辐射、≥10℃有效积温和降水量的时空变化规律;并利用逐级订正法计算一季稻光合、光温及气候生产潜力并进行时空变化规律分析,定量描述辐射、温度和降水变化对作物生产潜力的影响。结果表明:1961—2019年一季稻生育期间绝大部地区太阳辐射显著下降,≥10℃有效积温为显著上升趋势;太阳辐射和有效积温在湖北省内呈北高南低分布。降水量年际变化为不显著的上升趋势,全省仅西南地区为降水高值区。一季稻光合、光温和气候生产潜力均值分别为20134.63 kg/hm^(2)、19434.79 kg/hm^(2)和13523.16 kg/hm^(2);绝大部分地区光合与光温生产潜力都呈显著下降趋势,气候生产潜力为不显著下降趋势,三者的平均气候倾向率分别为-39.26 kg/(hm^(2)·a)、-35.68 kg/(hm^(2)·a)和-15.76 kg/(hm^(2)·a)。辐射资源下降导致全省一季稻气候生产潜力下降范围为-32.87~-104.51 kg/(hm^(2)·a),少数站点受到热量和降水资源变化的负面影响,大部分站点受到不同程度的正面影响,综合气候资源影响为负效应。研究得出湖北省一季稻气候生产潜力下降主要是由辐射下降导致。

CLIMATE CHANGE IN CHINA AND ITS INFLUENCE ON AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION IN THE LAST 40 YEARS

Using the meteorological data set for 1951—1990 over 160 stations,a series of 10-year running mean curves of temperature and precipitation averaged for the country and its 7 climate regions,as well as for each season,are obtained and analyzed.The six aspects of main results can be summarized about the climate change in China and its influence on agriculture production in the last 40 years.

黑土区马铃薯气候生产潜力对气候变化的响应及优势产区增产空间研究

揭示黑龙江省马铃薯气候生产潜力的时空演变,明确气候变化的影响效应,了解优势产区的增产潜力,以期为指导黑土区马铃薯优化生产布局、保障黑土区粮食安全提供基础参考。利用黑龙江省80个气象站点1961—2020年的逐日气象资料及马铃薯地段产量资料,采用逐步订正法,精细化评估马铃薯各级生产潜力的时空变化特征,量化辐射、气温、降水主要气候变化因子的影响效应,优化松嫩平原西部马铃薯优势产区的种植空间。结果表明:1961—2020年黑龙江省马铃薯光合、光温、气候生产潜力平均值分别为28885、25802、13843 kg/hm^(2);光合、光温和气候生产潜力分别表现为不显著的上升、下降和下降趋势;与潜在生育期内辐射、气温、降水的趋势一致。马铃薯光合、光温生产潜力呈现出自北向南逐渐递增的纬度特征,高值区位于松嫩平原南部及牡丹江南部局地;气候生产潜力自中部向周围递减;气候变化对马铃薯气候生产潜力的影响为:辐射的影响为正效应,气温、降水及气候变化综合的影响均以负效应为主。对于松嫩平原南部降水偏少地区,增温、降水量增加有利于提高马铃薯气候生产潜力,而对于东部降水偏多地区影响为弊大于利。松嫩平原西部以其优越的气候及土地资源,马铃薯单产仍存在巨大的增产空间。

1978—2019年云南省气候生产潜力的时空演变及粮食产量响应

云南省是中国典型的“雨养农业”地区,在全球变暖背景下探讨云南省气候生产潜力时空演变及粮食产量响应,对于“雨养农业”地区的农业发展有重要意义。基于Miami和Thornthwaite Memorial模型,利用云南省1978—2019年气象站点数据,通过气候倾向率、M-K检验和反距离权重插值等方法研究云南省气候生产潜力时空演变及粮食产量响应。结果表明:在时间系列上,1978—2019年云南省气温、降水的多年平均均值分别为16.3℃、1098.1 mm,气温呈现显著上升趋势,降水呈现不显著下降趋势;y_(t)、y_(r)、y_(e)的年均值分别为1953、1550、1477 kg/(hm^(2)·a),其中y_(t)、y_(e)呈现波动上升趋势,y_(r)呈现波动下降趋势。在空间分布上,气温、降水的分布趋势与y_(t)、y_(r)相似,均呈现出由滇西南往滇西北递减的趋势,且y_(e)与y_(t)的空间分布近似程度高于y_(r),其空间范围分别为843~1861、1065~2470、980~2287 kg/(hm^(2)·a)。气候资源利用率整体呈现显著上升趋势,从1978—1987年的16.94%提升到2018—2019年的31.71%,平均每10 a以3.66%的速度增长。在全球变化背景下,云南省呈现暖干的趋势,气候资源利用率显著提高,其中降水是制约气候生产潜力的主因。

中国东部季风区植被气候生产潜力的时空特征

以中国东部季风区为研究区域、植被气候生产潜力为研究对象,以英国东英格利亚大学气候研究所公布的气候变化数据库(CRU TS v.4.06)中0.5°×0.5°月尺度时空分辨率的降水和气温数据集的气象数据(时间尺度为1981—2021年)、中山大学陆-气相互作用研究组2013年开发的中国陆地表面土壤数据库的土壤数据为数据源,采用迈阿密模型(Miami)、桑斯威特纪念模型(Thomthwaite Memorial)分析1981—2021年中国东部季风区植被气候生产潜力的时空特征,采用冗余分析(RDA)法分析植被气候生产潜力与土壤理化性质相关性。结果表明:过去40a,中国东部季风区气温生产潜力、降水生产潜力、蒸散生产潜力的时间演变,均分为2个阶段,气温生产潜力的第Ⅰ阶段为1981—2001年、第Ⅱ阶段为2002—2021年,降水生产潜力的第Ⅰ阶段为1981—2014年、第Ⅱ阶段为2014—2021年,蒸散生产潜力的第Ⅰ阶段为1981—2013年、第Ⅱ阶段为2013—2021年,2个阶段均呈现出生产潜力增加趋势,其中第Ⅱ阶段生产潜力增加幅度显著高于第Ⅰ阶段。气温生产潜力、降水生产潜力和蒸散生产潜力均存在1个22 a的显著周期转变,敏感性分析显示气温和降水均对蒸散生产潜力有显著正相关影响。在空间上,气温生产潜力、降水生产潜力、蒸散生产潜力,都呈现出从华南地区往东北地区递减的趋势,且第Ⅱ阶段植被气候生产潜力的增速显著高于第Ⅰ阶段,第Ⅱ阶段增速显著的区域多出现在高值区。冗余分析结果显示,东部季风区土壤表层理化性质对降水生产潜力、蒸散生产潜力有显著抑制作用,对气温生产潜力有显著的促进作用。

大别山区茶叶气候生产潜力评估

基于大别山区35个气象观测站1971-2020年逐日气象资料、DEM数据,采用气候统计分析、逐步订正法和趋势面插值等方法,对茶叶光合生产潜力(Y_(Q))、光温生产潜力(Y_(T))和气候生产潜力(Y_(W))时空变化特征、气候资源贡献率及其对气候变化的响应进行了分析。结果表明:大别山区茶叶Y_(Q)和Y_(W)呈下降趋势,降幅分别为0.58和0.05 t·hm^(-2)·(10a)^(-1),Y_(T)呈增加趋势,增幅为0.36 t·hm^(-2)·(10a)^(-1);空间分布上,YQ随纬度的增加而增加,Y_(T)随纬度和海拔的增加而减少,Y_(W)随纬度的增加而减少、随海拔的增加而增加;太阳辐射、温度和降水对Y_(W)的贡献率分别为26%、48%、26%,温度的促进作用与太阳辐射和降水的抑制作用相互抵消,致使Y_(W)总体呈动态平衡趋势;气候变化背景下,大别山区北部地区较南部地区Y_(Q)下降趋势更加明显,南部地区较北部地区Y_(T)增加趋势更加明显,Y_(W)在低海拔地区呈增加趋势而在高海拔地区呈下降趋势。研究结果可为大别山区茶叶产业充分利用气候资源、高效趋利避害、合理优化产业布局提供科学依据。

基于SSPs路径下植被气候生产潜力的预测——以陕甘宁为例

陕甘宁三省区自然环境复杂多样,生态环境脆弱,对气候变化响应敏感。在全球气候变化背景下,植被气候生产潜力的研究对该地区农林牧业的生产布局以及生态系统管理等方面起到积极作用。本文选取陕西、甘肃以及宁夏三省区BCC-CSM2-MR模式下SSP126、SSP245和SSP585三种路径2025-2100年气温和降水的模拟数据,运用Thornthwaite Memorial模型计算研究区未来植被气候生产潜力的变化特征及驱动机制。结果表明:2025-2100年甘肃河西走廊大部分地区保持历史时期向“暖湿型”发展的气候特点,与基准期相比,植被气候生产潜力增量分别集中在10%~40%(SSP126)、10%~30%(SSP245)、10%~56.1%(SSP585)。陕西省在SSP126路径下陕北地区植被气候生产潜力呈下降趋势,在SSP245和SSP585路径下全省植被气候生产潜力均呈增加趋势,且陕北地区增加趋势最强。陕西省在SSP126和SSP245路径下大部分地区相对基准期增加了5%~10%,在SSP585路径下增加了10%~20%。宁夏回族自治区在SSP126路径下气候向“暖干型”发展,全区植被气候生产潜力呈下降趋势,与此相反的是SSP245和SSP585路径下全区植被气候生产潜力显著增加。SSP585路径下全区植被气候生产潜力距平增加了10%~30%,SSP126和SSP245路径下距平增加了0%~20%。从驱动机制来看,陕甘宁三省区植被气候生产潜力的驱动类型有两种,分别是“降水驱动型”和“气温降水驱动型”。研究区植被气候生产潜力均受降水驱动,且降水是植被气候生产潜力的主要驱动力。

广东省1988—2018年气候生产潜力变化特征

基于广东省1988—2018年21个地级市的气候资料,运用Thornthwaite Memorial模型,在计算气候生产潜力的基础上,研究广东省气候生产潜力的变化机制以及时空变化特征。结果表明,1988—2018年广东省气候生产潜力呈下降的趋势变化,气候倾向率每10年为18.4 g/m^(2),空间变化呈阶梯状分布,从沿海到内陆递减。EOF第一特征向量分析表明,广东省的气候生产潜力变化趋势呈现出全省全年气候生产潜力同时偏多或偏少的分布特征;第二特征向量表现出纬向的偶极型空间分布。气候生产潜力与降水呈很强的正相关关系,气温的影响比较弱。暖湿型使气候生产潜力增加,冷干型、冷湿型和暖干型情景下气候生产潜力均减小。未来10年广东省气候生产潜力将呈增加趋势。