Modelling seedling development using thermal effectiveness and photosynthetically active radiation

Seedling quality is a prerequisite for successful field performance and therefore influences crop yields. Temperature and illumination are two major factors affecting seedling quality during nursery propagation. Suboptimal temperature or light of nurseries generally result in leggy or weak seedlings and great economic loss. However, production of healthy seedlings is challenging due to the lack of knowledge in systemic management of nursery environments. In this study, we have established simulation models to predict how temperature and illumination coordinately influence the growth of tomato and cabbage seedlings. Specifically, correlation between seedling quality characteristics(root-shoot ratio, G value(growth function: defined as ratio of whole plant dry weight to days of seedling), healthy indexes) and TEP(thermal effectiveness and photosynthetically active radiation) were explored to establish the models, which were validated with independent test data. Our results suggested that the curve of healthy index 1(HI1) and TEP fitted well with high coefficient of determination(R2) in both species, indicating that the model is highly reliable. The HI1 simulation models for tomato and cabbage are HI1=0.0009e0.0308TEP-0.0015 and HI1= 0.0003e0.0671TEP-0.0003, respectively, which can be used for predicting vigors of tomato and cabbage seedlings grown under different temperature and light conditions.

Effects of Photosynthetically Active Radiation and Air Temperature on CO_2 Uptake of Pterocarpus macrocarpus in the Open Field

Since trees and plants can absorb CO2, forests are widely regarded as a carbon sink that may control the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. The CO2 uptake rate of plants is affected by the plant species and environmental conditions such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), temperature, water and nutrient contents. PAR is the most immediate environmental control on photosynthesis while air temperature affects both photorespiration and dark respiration. In the natural condition, PAR and temperature play an important role in net CO2 uptake. The effects of PAR and air temperature on the CO2 uptake of Pterocarpus macrocarpus grown in a natural habitat were studied in the present work. Due to many uncontrollable factors, a simple rectangular hyperbola could not represent the measured data. The data were divided into groups of 2oC intervals; CO2 uptake in each group may then be related to PAR by a rectangular hyperbola function. Using the obtained functions, the effect of PAR was removed from the original data. The PAR-independent CO2 uptake was then related to air temperature. Finally, the effects of PAR (I) and air temperature (Ta) on the CO2 uptake rate (A) were combined as: (-0.0575Ta2+2.6691Ta-23.264)I A= ——————————————— (-0.00766Ta2+0.40666Ta-3.99924) (-4.8794Ta2+227.13Ta-2456.9)+I

Simulation on Distribution of Photosynthetically Active Radiation in Canopy and Optimum Leaf Rolling Index in Rice with Rolling Leaves

By replacing leaf area index （LAI） with effective leaf area index （ELAI） through introduction of leaf rolling index （LRI）, the distributions of photosynthetically active radiation （PAR） in the canopies of three hybrid rice combinations, Liangyou E32 with high LRI, Liangyoupeijiu with moderate LRI and Shanyou 63 with non-rolling leaves （normal）, were simulated. The model based on ELAI could predict more accurately than that based on LAI. The PAR interception, conversion and utilization efficiency in the three combinations were studied to evaluate their optimal LRI and LAI. The PAR utilization efficiency of Liangyou E32 was lower due to excessive rolling leaves and less ELAI, and that of Shanyou 63 was also lower because of the faulty PAR interception and lower photosynthetic rate and saturation point at lower layer in canopy. Compared with the above two combinations, Liangyoupeijiu showed more appropriate distribution of PAR interception and conversion efficiency in canopy, and higher PAR utilization efficiency. The optimal LRI and LAI for Liangyoupeijiu were 0.11 and 7.6, respectively, which were close to the observed value, 0.11 and 7.9, respectively. However, the optimum LAI was 9.8 for Liangyou E32 and 6.2 for Shanyou 63, larger or smaller than those under the current plant density, which led to lower efficiency of PAR utilization. Besides, the optimum LRI for Liangyou E32 and Shanyou 63 were 0.12 and 0.08, respectively, which were close to the actual LRI for Liangyoupeijiu （0.11）.

Long-Term Trends in Photosynthetically Active Radiation in Beijing

A long-term dataset of photosynthetically active radiation （Qp） is reconstructed from a broadband global solar radiation （Rs） dataset through an all-weather reconstruction model. This method is based on four years＇ worth of data collected in Beijing. Observation data of Rs and Qp from 2005-2008 are used to investigate the temporal variability of Qp and its dependence on the clearness index and solar zenith angle. A simple and effcient all-weather empirically derived reconstruction model is proposed to reconstruct Qp from Rs. This reconstruction method is found to estimate instantaneous Qp with high accuracy. The annual mean of the daily values of Qp during the period 1958-2005 period is 25.06 mol m-2 d-1. The magnitude of the long-term trend for the annual averaged Qp is presented （-0.19 mol m-2 yr-1 from 1958-1997 and -0.12 mol m-2 yr-1 from 1958-2005）. The trend in Qp exhibits sharp decreases in the spring and summer and more gentle decreases in the autumn and winter.

Effects of cloud,atmospheric water vapor,and dust on photosynthetically active radiation and total solar radiation in a Mongolian grassland

Photosynthetically active radiation （PAR） is an important input parameter for estimating plant produc- tivity due to its key role in the growth and development of plants. However, a worldwide routine network for sys- tematic PAR measurements is not yet established, and PAR is often calculated as a constant fraction of total solar radiation （SR）. Although the ratio of PAR to SR （PAR/SR） has been reported from many places, few studies have been performed for dry regions. The present study was therefore carried out in an arid region of Mongolia to obtain PAP-JSR and examine its dependency on sky clearness （the clearness index）, water vapor in the atmosphere and aeolian dust. Continuous measurements of PAR and SR were taken every one second using quantum and pyranometer sensors, respectively, and the readings were averaged and recorded at intervals of 30 minutes for a period of 12 months. The lowest monthly mean daily PAR/SR occurred in April （0.420）, while the highest ratio was observed in July （0.459）. Mean daily PAR/SR during plant growing season （May-August） was estimated to be 0.442, which could be useful for modeling plant productivity in the study area. The annual mean daily PAR/SR （0.435） was lower than the values reported in many previous studies. This difference could be explained with the regional variation in climate： i.e. drier climatic condition in the study area. PAR/SR was negatively correlated with the clearness index （r= -0.36, P〈0.001）, but positively with atmospheric water vapor pressure （r=0.47, P〈0.001）. The average PAR/SR was significantly lower （P=0.02） on the dusty days compared to the non-dust days. Water vapor in the atmosphere was shown to be the strongest factor in the variation of PAR/SR. This is the first study examining PAR/SR under a semi-arid condition in Mongolia.

Light Meter for Measuring Photosynthetically Active Radiation

Measurement of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) incident on photosynthetic organisms is a crucial measurement for understanding how organisms respond to various light conditions, and for calculating electron flow through the photosynthetic machinery. Measurements of PAR are typically performed in the region of the electromagnetic spectrum between 400 - 700 nm, which is the region of radiation that is responsible for promoting photosynthesis. Typically, to ensure that the sensor measures in this range, the implementation of long- and short-pass filters is required. Although this allows the exclusion of radiation outside of the PAR region, such filters can be expensive. Additionally, the implementation of autonomous PAR measurements requires costly commercial instruments. Here, a straight-forward, inexpensive apparatus has been designed and constructed using a sensor that can distinguish between red, green, blue and white light. The constructed apparatus was able to perform comparably to a commercial PAR sensor. Furthermore, the implementation of the device to measure PAR intensity over a three-day period shows how the apparatus can be implemented for use as a constant light monitor.

The Effect of Wide-Range Photosynthetic Active Radiations on Photosynthesis,Growth and Flowering of Rosa sp.and Kalanchoe blossfeldiana

Miniature roses (Rosa sp.) and Kalanchoe blossfeldiana were grown at photon flux densities (PFD) ranging from 60 to 670 μmol·m-2·s-1 (associated with a temperature gradient from 20.0°C to 24.0°C [TEMP1]) and from 50 to 370μmol·m-2-s-1 (associated with a temperature gradient from 22.5°C to 26.5°C [TEMP2]). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse compartment at latitude 59° north in mid-winter. The daily photosynthetic active radiations (PAR) ranged from 4.3 to 48.2 and 3.6 to 26.6 mol·m-2·day-1 in the TEMP1 and TEMP2 treatments, respectively. Time until flowering in miniature roses decreased from about 50 to 35 days in the TEMP1 treatment and from 50 to 25 days in the TEMP2 treatment, when the PFD increased from 50 to 370μmol·m-2·s-1. In Kalanchoe time until flowering was decreased to the same extent (about 15 days) in both temperature treatments when PFD increased from 50 to 370 μmol·m-2·s-1. The number of flowers and the plant dry weight in miniature roses increased up to 300 – 400 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD (21.6 - 28.8 mol·m-2 day-1 PAR), while flower stem fresh weight and plant dry weight in Kalanchoe increased up to 200 – 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 at TEMP1. Measurements of the diurnal carbon dioxide exchange rates (CER) in daylight in small plant stands of roses in summertime showed that CER was saturated at about 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD at 370 μmol·mol-1 CO2 and at 400 – 500 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD at 800 μmol·mol-1 CO2. For Kalanchoe similar results were obtained. Increasing the CO2 concentration from 370 to 800 μmol·mol-1 increased the CER in roses (48%) as well in Kalanchoe (69%). It was concluded that 15 to 20 mol·m-2·day-1 combined with about 24°C air temperature and high CO2 concentration will give a very good growth with lot of flowers within a short production time in miniature roses. For Kalanchoe 10 to 15 mol·m-2·day-1 combined with about 20°C and high CO2 produced a similar result.

Studies on Forecast Model of Photosynthetic Active Radiation in Sunlight Greenhouse in Winter in Panjin

In order to explore the law of photosynthetic active radiation in winter sunlight greenhouse in Panjin and serve the local facility agriculture better,based on the observed data of sunlight greenhouse microclimate and of the nearby weather station during winter in 2012,the methods of correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were adopted to study characteristics of photosynthetic active radiation in sunlight greenhouse and the ratio of photosynthetic active radiation to global radiation under different weather types during winter,and to set up forecast models of photosynthetic active radiation in sunlight greenhouse under different weather types during winter.The results showed that：（1） the daily variation of photosynthetic active radiation in sunlight greenhouse on sunny and cloudy days were both obvious,and photosynthetic active radiation in sunlight greenhouse was 1-38 W/m^2 when it＇s cloudy.（2） ηPARon typical cloudy day was the highest,on cloudy day was secondary and on sunny day was the minimum during winter;（3） the methods of stepwise regression analysis were respectively adopted to set up models of the highest daily maximum photosynthetic active radiation,the total daily photosynthetic active radiation,daily maximum global radiation,and the total daily global radiation in sunlight greenhouse associated with climate outside,the models passed the 0.01 level of significance,and fitting test had been carried out：4 factors were fitted well on sunny and cloudy day,but fitted poor on overcast day.

The Effect of Photosynthetic Active Radiation and Temperature on Growth and Flowering of Ten Flowering Pot Plant Species

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Rosa sp. (miniature roses), Sinningia speciosa, Gerbera hybrida, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Hydrangea, Begonia x hiemalis, Calceolaria, Cyclamen persicum and Pelargonium domesticum were grown at six photon flux densities (85, 130, 170, 215, 255 and 300 μmol·m-2·s-1, PFD) during lighting periods of 20 h·day-1 at three air temperatures (18°C, 21°C and 24°C) in midwinter at latitude 59° north. This corresponded to photosynthetic active radiations (PAR) ranging from 6.1 to 21.6 mol·m-2·day-1. Time until flowering decreased in all species except Cyclamen when the temperature increased from 18°C to 21°C, particularly at lower PFD levels. A further increase in temperature, from 21°C to 24°C, clearly decreased time until flowering in six of the ten tested species. Generally, this represented a reduction in the time until flowering between 20% and 40%. The dry weight of the plants at time of flowering increased up to 170 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD (12.2 mol·m-2·day-1 PAR) in Hibiscus, miniature rose, Kalanchoe and Pelargonium, while the dry weight reached a maximum at 85 to 130 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD mol·m-2·day-1 (6.1 to 9.4 mol·m-2·day-1)in the other species. Based on the present results a PAR level of 6 to 8 mol m-2·day-1 is recommended for Calceolaria and Cyclamen, of 8 to 10 mol·m-2·day-1 for Sinningia, Gerbera, Kalanchoe, Hydrangea and Begonia, of 10 to 12 mol·m-2·day-1 for Pelargonium and of 12 to 15 mol·m-2 day-1 for Hibiscus and miniature roses.

GIS和RS支持下广东省植被吸收PAR的估算及其时空分布

在 Ｇ Ｉ Ｓ和 Ｒ Ｓ支持下，利用地面气象数据和 Ｎ Ｏ Ａ Ａ－ Ａ Ｖ Ｈ Ｒ Ｒ Ｎ Ｄ Ｖ Ｉ数据估计了广东省植被在 １９９２０４～１９９３０３间吸收的 Ｐ Ａ Ｒ，并分析了其时空分布特征以及不同类型植被对 Ｐ Ａ Ｒ 的吸收特征。结果表明：在此期间，广东省植被年 Ａ Ｐ Ａ Ｒ介于 ０～１５７５ Ｍ Ｊ／ｍ ２ａ 之间，其最大 Ｎ Ｐ Ｐ不及全球最高值的一半；并且，广东省年 Ａ Ｐ Ａ Ｒ 的时空变化显著，这主要与植被自身性质和太阳辐射的时空变化有关；即使是常绿阔叶林，其年 Ａ Ｐ Ａ Ｒ 也有显著差异，并且吸收 Ｐ Ａ Ｒ 的年变化显著，全年以 ７、１０ 月份吸收的 Ｐ Ａ Ｒ 量最高。

由光谱反射率估算玉米植冠的APAR

在玉米生长期中,作了11次野外地物反射光谱的测试,测量了玉米植冠的叶面积指数。引用玉米植冠叶面积指数和它截取光合有效辐射系数(APAR)之间的理论公式和经验公式,用实测的玉米植冠的叶面积指数,计算出它吸收光合有效辐射系数,再分别求出玉米植冠的 RVI、ND、PVI、GN 光谱指数和玉米植冠吸收光合有效辐射系数间的抛物线回归方程。得出的结论是,在20个回归方程中,利用 GN 光谱指数,并使用回归方程 APAR=0.2792+6.187GN-13.38GN^2来估算玉米植冠吸收光合有效辐射系数 APAR 是最可靠的。

融入可见光-近红外高光谱吸收特征的新型植被指数估算天然草地FAPAR

考虑到植被可见光-近红外的光谱吸收特征与光合有效辐射吸收率(fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation,FAPAR)有很好的关联,综合"高光谱曲线特征吸收峰自动识别法"与"光谱吸收特征参量化法",提取对FAPAR敏感的高光谱吸收特征参数,借鉴可见光-近红外植被指数的数学形式,尝试用优化组合后的可见光-近红外光谱吸收特征参数替代光谱反射率,构建新型植被指数估算植被FAPAR,并利用2014年和2015年内蒙古自治区中部与东部地区天然草地典型群落冠层实测光谱数据进行FAPAR估算建模与验证。结果表明:新型植被指数"SAI-VI"不仅有效提高了单个光谱吸收特征参数在高、低覆盖区域估算FAPAR的精度,而且相比五种与FAPAR有较好相关性的具有不同作用类型的可见光-近红外植被指数,其与FAPAR值的相关性更高(存在最大相关系数=0.801),以其为变量的指数模型预测FAPAR精度更高且稳定性较好(建模与检验的判定系数均最高且超过0.75,标准误差与平均误差系数也相应最小)。研究表明:融入可见光-近红外高光谱吸收特征的新型植被指数"SAI-VI",强化了可见光波段与近红外波段光谱吸收特征的差别,相较单一光谱吸收特征参数,在降低土壤背景影响的同时增强了对FAPAR变化的敏感度。同时,"SAI-VI"有效综合了对植被FAPAR敏感的光谱吸收特征信息,相较原始光谱反射率,能表达植被光合有效辐射吸收特征的更多细节信息,可作为植被冠层FAPAR反演的新参数,一定程度上弥补当前植被指数法估算FAPAR的不足。

基于无人机多光谱的棉花育种材料FPAR估测

快速、无损、高通量地获取棉花育种材料的光合有效辐射信息,对棉花高光效品种选育及栽培管理具有重要意义。于2020年8—9月在河南现代农业研究开发基地,采用大疆Matrice 600 Pro无人机搭载Micasense RedEdge-M多光谱成像仪获取棉花育种材料的多光谱影像,提取光合有效辐射吸收比率(Fraction of photosynthetically active radiation,FPAR)测量点蓝、绿、红、红边、近红外等5个通道反射率值构建多光谱变量;然后分析多光谱变量与FPAR的定量关系,建立FPAR的一元与多元回归模型;最后,基于实测FPAR对估测模型进行精度验证。结果表明:棉花育种材料的多光谱遥感影像可以快速、直观表征植株冠层叶片颜色、长势等表型性状信息;基于多光谱影像构建的变换土壤调节植被指数(Transformed soil adjusted vegetation index,TSAVI)、土壤调节植被指数(Soil adjusted vegetation index,SAVI)、垂直植被指数(Perpendicular vegetation index,PVI)、比值植被指数(Ratio vegetation index,RVI)、差值植被指数(Difference vegetation index,DVI)、增强型的植被指数(Enhanced vegetation index,EVI)、归一化差值植被指数(Normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)、大气阻抗植被指数(Atmospherically resistant vegetation index,ARVI)等8种多光谱变量均与棉花FPAR具有较好的相关性,|r|为0.542~0.932;基于TSAVI构建的FPAR一元线性回归模型,对棉花FPAR具有较好的估测效果,估测模型的R2为0.867,SE为0.115,验证模型的R2为0.932,RPD为2.468,RMSE为0.119。

落叶阔叶林冠层非光合组分对冠层FPAR的影响分析——一种分层模拟的方法

估算并消除冠层非光合组分(non-photosynthetic vegetation,NPV)吸收的光合有效辐射,对准确估算生态系统总初级生产力(gross primary productivity,GPP)具有重要意义。以落叶阔叶林为例,通过设置不同情景,应用任意倾斜叶片散射(scattering by arbitrary inclined leaves,SAIL)模型进行冠层光合有效辐射吸收分量(fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation,FPAR)的分层模拟,分析冠层NPV的FPAR的变动及其对冠层FPAR的贡献,并初步探讨落叶阔叶林NPV的FPAR的估算方法。结果表明,冠层NPV的FPAR的大小与冠层结构相关,在高覆盖度植被区NPV对冠层FPAR的贡献通常较小,但在低植被覆盖区的贡献会较高;NPV降低了冠层在近红外波段的反射;增强型植被指数(enhanced vegetation index,EVI)与NPV的FPAR存在显著的线性负相关关系,可用来描述NPV的变化。

密度与播期互作下棉花冠层PAR时空特征分析

为提高长江流域棉区棉花群体光合有效辐射(PAR)利用率并塑造合理群体结构,本研究设置不同播期(B1:5月13日、B2:5月25日)和种植密度(M1:7.5万株·hm^-2、M2:9.0万株·hm^-2、M3:10.5万株·hm^-2、M4:12.0万株·hm^-2),研究不同栽培方式对棉花冠层PAR时空分布的影响。结果表明,在一定生育时期内,B1播期处理棉花冠层对PAR的截获能力较强;在同一播期条件下,棉花冠层PAR截获率(PARI)在一定范围内与密度呈正相关关系。在B1播期下,一定生育时间内冠层PARI整体呈先升高后降低的趋势,B1M4的冠层PARI在生育前期较高,生育后期则以B1M1较高;在B2播期下,一定时期内,冠层PARI整体随生育进程的推进逐渐升高,且B2M4的冠层PARI最大。因此,在5月25日的播期条件下,12万株·hm^-2密度处理的棉花群体冠层PARI较大;而播期为5月13日时,7.5万株·hm^-2密度处理的棉花冠层在生育后期对PAR的截获具有优势。本研究为构建适宜长江流域棉区的高光效群体结构提供了技术支撑,同时也为棉花新品种的培育和轻简化栽培提供了理论依据。

淮河流域农田光合有效辐射(PAR)的基本特征

为了解淮河流域农田下垫面光合有效辐射的基本特征,分析淮河流域农作物生长的光、热条件,笔者利用寿县国家气候观象台(32°30.83′N,116°46.47′E)2008年全年太阳辐射观测资料,采用30min平均,按照线性关系y=cx做最小二乘拟合,得到PAR、RS以及PAR/Rs的日、月和季节均值,分析了该地区光合有效辐射(PAR)的日、季、年变化特征及所占太阳短波辐射(Rs)比例的一些基本特征,得出了该地区的光合有效辐射(PAR)的年总量为1970.8MJ/m2,春、夏、秋、冬季的平均日总量分别为:6.83MJ/m2、6.58MJ/m2、4.28MJ/m2、3.80MJ/m2;得出月平均PAR/Rs的值在0.37～0.43之间,最大值出现在夏季为0.43,最小值出现在冬季为0.37,年平均值为0.40;分析晴天和阴天日PAR的变化有明显的区别,阴天日PAR/Rs的值比晴天日明天偏大,全年典型阴天日PAR/Rs的值为0.42,典型晴天日PAR/Rs的值的为0.39。对于PAR/Rs,云、水汽、太阳阳辐射强度以及大气浑浊度对其都有影响。

Comparison of Extrapolation and Interpolation Methods for Estimating Daily Photosynthetically Active Radiation(PAR)——A Case Study of the Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve,China

Measurements of photosynthetically active radiation （PAR）, which are indispensable for simulating plant growth and productivity, are generally very scarce. This study aimed to compare two extrapolation and one interpolation methods for estimating daily PAR reaching the earth surface within the Poyang Lake national nature reserve, China. The daily global solar radiation records at Nanchang meteorological station and daily sunshine duration measurements at nine meteorological stations around Poyang Lake were obtained to achieve the objective. Two extrapolation methods of PARs using recorded and estimated global solar radiation at Nanchang station and three stations （Yongxiu, Xingzi and Duchang） near the nature reserve were carried out, respectively, and a spatial interpolation method combining triangulated irregular network （TIN） and inverse distance weighting （IDW） was imple- mented to estimate daily PAR. The performance evaluation of the three methods using the PARs measured at Dahuchi Conservation Station （day number of measurement = 105 days） revealed that： （1） the spatial interpolation method achieved the best PAR estima- tion （R2 - 0.89, s.c. = 0.99, F= 830.02, P 〈 0.001 ）; （2） the extrapolation method from Nanchang station obtained an unbiased result （R2 = 0.88, s.c. = 0.99, F = 745.29, P 〈 0.001）; however, （3） the extrapolation methods from Yongxiu, Xingzi and Duchang stations were not suitable for this specific site for their biased estimations. Considering the assumptions and principles supporting the extrapolation and interpolation methods, the authors conclude that the spatial interpolation method produces more reliable results than the extrapolation methods and holds the greatest potential in all tested methods, and more PAR measurements should be recorded to evaluate the seasonal, yearly and spatial stabilities of these models for their application to the whole nature reserve of Poyang Lake.

基于无人机多光谱遥感的玉米FPAR估算

为了探究无人机多光谱遥感影像估算作物光合有效辐射吸收比例(Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation,FPAR)的潜力,以无人机多光谱影像提取的植被指数、纹理指数、叶面积指数为模型输入参数,在分析不同参数与FPAR相关性的基础上优选植被指数与纹理指数,并分别以一元线性模型、多元逐步回归模型、岭回归模型、BP神经网络模型等方法估算玉米FPAR。结果表明:植被指数、纹理指数、叶面积指数3种参数与FPAR都具有较强的相关性,其中植被指数相关系数最大;在不同类型的FPAR估算模型中,BP神经网络模型的估算效果最优,FPAR估算模型决定系数R^(2)、均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.857、0.173,验证模型R^(2)、RMSE分别为0.868、0.186,模型估算值与田间实测值间相对误差(RE)为8.71%;在不同形式的模型参数组合中,均以植被指数、纹理指数、叶面积指数3种参数融合的FPAR模型的估算与验证效果最优,说明多特征参数融合能有效改善FPAR估算效果。该研究为基于无人机多光谱遥感数据精准估算玉米FPAR及生产潜力提供了科学依据。

Improving GPP estimates by partitioning green APAR from total APAR in two deciduous forest sites

Non-photosynthetic components within a forest ecosystem account for a large proportion of the canopy but are not involved in photosynthesis.Therefore,the accuracy of gross primary production(GPP)estimates is expected to improve by removing these components.However,their infl uence in GPP estimations has not been quantitatively evaluated for deciduous forests.Several vegetation indices have been used recently to estimate the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by photosynthetic components(FAPAR_(green))for partitioning APAR green(photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by photosynthetic components).In this study,the enhanced vegetation index(EVI)estimated FAPAR_(green)and to separate the photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by photosynthetic components(APAR green)from total APAR observations(APAR_(total))at two deciduous forest sites.The eddy covariance-light use effi ciency(EC-LUE)algorithm was employed to evaluate the infl uence of non-photosynthetic components and to test the performance of APAR green in GPP estimation.The results show that the infl uence of non-photosynthetic components have a seasonal pattern at deciduous forest sites,large diff erences are observed with normalized root mean square error(RMSE*)values of APAR green-based GPP and APAR_(total)-based GPP between tower-based GPP during the early and end stages,while slight diff erences occurred during peak growth seasons.In addition,daily GPP estimation was significantly improved using the APAR green-based method,giving a higher coeffi cient of determination and lower normalized root mean square error against the GPP estimated by the APAR_(total)-based method.The results demonstrate the signifi cance of partitioning APAR green from APAR_(total)for accurate GPP estimation in deciduous forests.

基于“两叶”模型的2001-2016年贵州省LAI与APAR数据集

叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index,LAI)指单位土地面积上植被叶片总面积占土地面积的倍数,表征冠层结构与生长状态,是植物吸收的光合有效辐射(Absorbed Photosynthetic Active Radiation,APAR)的决定因子之一。LAI与APAR是植被的光合等生理过程模拟的重要参数。“两叶模型”根据叶片光环境,将冠层抽象为“阳生叶”和“阴生叶”两类叶片,分别进行生理生态功能参数化与模拟。该模型一定程度上改进了传统“大叶模型”难以表征冠层复杂结构的不足,有效降低了从叶片到冠层尺度转换中的潜在误差,改善了冠层物质与能量的估算及模拟效果。本研究基于“两叶模型”框架,以贵州省为研究区,利用GLASS LAI和PAR遥感产品,结合植被聚集指数和地表反照率数据,生产得到2001–2016年贵州省冠层阳生叶和阴生叶的LAI与APAR数据集。本数据集具有时序长、分辨率高等优点,可应用于区域植被生态功能变化、全球变化模拟等方面的研究,也可为模型模拟、遥感反演等研究提供数据支持。