Research on Scheduling Strategy of Flexible Interconnection Distribution Network Considering Distributed Photovoltaic and Hydrogen Energy Storage

Distributed photovoltaic(PV)is one of the important power sources for building a new power system with new energy as the main body.The rapid development of distributed PV has brought new challenges to the operation of distribution networks.In order to improve the absorption ability of large-scale distributed PV access to the distribution network,the AC/DC hybrid distribution network is constructed based on flexible interconnection technology,and a coordinated scheduling strategy model of hydrogen energy storage(HS)and distributed PV is established.Firstly,the mathematical model of distributed PV and HS system is established,and a comprehensive energy storage system combining seasonal hydrogen energy storage(SHS)and battery(BT)is proposed.Then,a flexible interconnected distribution network scheduling optimization model is established to minimize the total active power loss,voltage deviation and system operating cost.Finally,simulation analysis is carried out on the improved IEEE33 node,the NSGA-II algorithm is used to solve specific examples,and the optimal scheduling results of the comprehensive economy and power quality of the distribution network are obtained.Compared with the method that does not consider HS and flexible interconnection technology,the network loss and voltage deviation of this method are lower,and the total system cost can be reduced by 3.55%,which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Research on Virtual DC Generator-Based Control Strategy of DCMicrogrid with Photovoltaic and Energy Storage

With the penetration of a large number of photovoltaic power generation units and power electronic converters,the DC microgrid shows low inertia characteristics,which might affect the stable operation of the microgrid in extreme cases.In order to enhance the“flexible features”of the interface converter connected to the DC bus,a control strategy of DCmicrogrid with photovoltaic and energy storage based on the virtual DC generator(VDCG)is proposed in this paper.The interface converters of the photovoltaic power generation system and the energy storage system simulates the inertia and damping characteristics of the DC generator to improve the stability of the DC bus voltage.The impedance ratio of DC microgrid was obtained by establishing the small-signal model of photovoltaic power generation system and energy storage system,and the Nyquist curves was applied to analyze the small-signal stability of the system.Finally,the simulation results were verified with MATLAB/Simulink.The results show that the proposed control strategy can slow down the fluctuation of bus voltage under the conditions of photovoltaic power fluctuation and load mutation,thus enhancing the system stability.

Evaluation of the Performances of the First Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System in Sénégal

This document presents the evaluation and the monitoring of the performances of the first grid-connected photovoltaic system installed in the Center of Studies and Researches on the Renewable Energies (CERER) inaugurated on December 4th, 2012 by the governmental authorities of Senegal and Tenerife. This mini power plant of 3.15 kWc is a perfect example of the political will of the government which is to reduce the production cost of the electricity, with the diversification of the sources of production, and the greater use of the other sources such as the natural gas, the coal, the renewable energies. The evaluation of the performances of the installation is realized by using the indicators of efficiency and performance as the photovoltaic surface yield, the ratio of photovoltaic performance, the photovoltaic specific yield, and the losses of captures. The obtained results show that a big part of the energy shone during the period of observation was not able to be used further to circumstances such as the losses of conductivity, the heat losses or for example the defects on components. The analysis also shows that a large part of the produced energy is not injected because of the dilapidation of the network, the defects of landing but especially one disjunction sees frequently at the level of the point of injection.

Design of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System

This paper presents a grid connected photovoltaic system (PV) with a proposed high voltage conversion ratio DC-DC converter which steps up the variable low input voltages of photovoltaic module to the required DC link voltage. This voltage is applied to an H-bridge inverter which converts DC voltage into AC voltage and a low pass filter is used to filter the output. By adjusting the duty ratio of switches in DC-DC converter, the magnitude of inverter’s output voltage is controlled. The frequency and phase synchronization are ensured by a feedback signal taken from the grid. In this way, inverter is synchronized and connected with the grid to meet the energy demand. The PV system has been designed and simulated.

集成有源开关电感和Y源倍压单元的高增益DC-DC变换器

针对光伏发电系统中光伏组件电压等级的提升,提出一种集成有源开关电感和Y源倍压单元的高增益DC-DC变换器。所提变换器能够实现低开关管电压应力,具有高自由度电压调节能力,在满足一定升压条件下仍能保证电路的效率,在光伏发电中具有较大的应用潜力。对变换器的工作模态、器件电压电流应力、参数设计和损耗效率进行详细阐述。最后通过实验验证所提拓扑结构的可行性。

Plant Community Survey of National Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Empirical Experiment Platform(Daqing Base)

[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the characteristics of natural grassland plant communities in the National Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Empirical Experiment Platform(Daqing Base), so as to provide data reference for local grassland resources. [Methods] June to July, 2022, standard plot site investigation was carried out to investigate vegetation species, relative height, relative coverage, relative abundance, relative frequency and dominance in the National Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Empirical Experiment Platform in Datong District, Daqing City of Heilongjiang Province, and to analyze plant community structures in the photovoltaic DC field. [Results] The photovoltaic DC field contained 22 species of plants, of which Suaeda salsa was the common species. The dominant species in photovoltaic DC field were Leymus chinensis, Eleocharis intersita, Carex duriuscula and Carex rugurosa. [Conclusions] The dominant vegetation types were Poaceae and Cyperaceae in the natural grassland of the National Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Empirical Experiment Platform(Daqing Base).

基于ISMA-BP神经网络的光伏发电储能双向DC-DC变换器控制

通过对光伏发电储能双向DC-DC变换器抗干扰问题进行研究,提出一种基于ISMA-BP神经网络的光伏发电储能双向DC-DC变换器控制方法。首先,建立双向DC-DC变换器双闭环模型,采用模糊神经网络优化后的PID控制器对电压外环进行控制。其次,设计多子种群多进化策略黏菌优化算法(Slime Mould Algorithm,SMA),以提高算法全局寻优精度。采用改进的SMA(improved SMA,ISMA)初始化BP神经网络参数,以提升BP神经网络控制稳定性。最后,利用ISMA-BP神经网络实时动态调整PID控制器参数,实现变换器输出电压稳定控制。仿真结果表明,所提双向DC-DC变换器控制方法稳定性较好、抗干扰能力较强。

Parasitic Effects on the Performance of DC-DC SEPIC in Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Applications

This paper presents an analysis of the effect of parasitic resistances on the performance of DC-DC Single Ended Pri- mary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) in photovoltaic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) applications. The energy storage elements incorporated in the SEPIC converter possess parasitic resistances. Although ideal components significantly simplifies model development, but neglecting the parasitic effects in models may sometimes lead to failure in predicting first scale stability and actual performance. Therefore, the effects of parasitics have been taken into consideration for improving the model accuracy, stability, robustness and dynamic performance analysis of the converter. Detail mathematical model of SEPIC converter including inductive parasitic has been developed. The performance of the converter in tracking MPP at different irradiance levels has been analyzed for variation in parasitic resistance. The converter efficiency has been found above 83% for insolation level of 600 W/m2 when the parasitic resistance in the energy storage element has been ignored. However, as the parasitic resistance of both of the inductor has increased to 1 ohm, a fraction of the power managed by the converter has dissipated;as a result the efficiency of the converter has reduced to 78% for the same insolation profile. Although the increasing value of the parasitic has assisted the converter to converge quickly to reach the maximum power point. Furthermore it has also been observed that the peak to peak load current ripple is reduced. The obtained simulation results have validated the competent of the MPPT converter model.

一种新型超高升压DC-DC变换器的设计

为使光伏系统可稳定输出高直流电压,提出一种新型超高升压DC-DC变换器的设计。变换器采用耦合电路升压结构增加了新的增益调节单元。新型开关单元降低了开关器件的电压应力和电压尖峰。耦合电感与开关电容结合,降低了器件的电压、电流尖峰,吸收了耦合电感的漏感能量。对变换器进行闭环控制,稳定变换器的输出。分析电路的工作模态,与近几年典型高升压变换器做性能对比,测试变换器的抗扰动性能。根据仿真和实验,验证变换器在闭环控制下的稳定性和鲁棒性。

基于电弧磁流体仿真的DC 1500V两极塑壳断路器气道优化设计

该文开发了用于DC 1500V光伏和储能系统的新一代两极直流塑壳断路器样机。通过DC 1500V/15 kA,时间常数10 ms的短路分断实验发现,电弧电压快速升至350 V是提升断路器限流和分断性能的关键。为了加快初始燃弧阶段电弧运动速度使弧压快速上升,建立了断路器触头区域的二维局部电弧磁流体仿真模型,通过分析灭弧室温度、压力分布和气流速度变化曲线,明确了初始样机中电弧运动停滞的机理,并以此为依据提出了参差栅片排布和添加导流锥的气道优化设计方案。使用优化后的样机进行分断实验,比较优化前后的电压变化曲线和电弧运动高速摄像,验证了优化方案的有效性,对于DC 1500V两极直流塑壳的设计开发具有很强的实践指导意义。

Large-Scale Distributed Photovoltaic Power Dispatching and Operation Management Review

Distributed photovoltaic power (PV) is the main development model of distributed generation. It is necessary to research on dispatching and operation management with large-scale distributed PV connected. This paper analyzes development status, technical requirement and dispatching and operation management situation of distributed PV in Germany and China. Then introduce the preparation of distributed PV dispatching and operation management criterion. Through summarizing the experiences and lessons of large-scale distributed PV development in Germany, it gives advice to the development of distributed PV dispatching and operation management in China.

基于模型化编程的双向DC/DC变换器创新实验平台

能源互联网中存在越来越多诸如电动汽车等具有“源”“荷”双重身份的电力设备,这类设备大多采用双向DC/DC变换器实现双向功率流动。为了使实验教学紧跟专业技术发展前沿,结合双向Buck-Boost电路和模型化编程手段,完成了双向DC/DC变换器创新实验平台的设计。以电感电流为参考分析了Buck-Boost电路的双向工作模态,对实验平台硬件电路进行了详细设计,并介绍了典型控制策略的模型化软件设计。在此基础上,设计了光伏发电最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)控制实验案例。典型控制实验和光伏发电MPPT控制实验结果验证了实验平台的软硬件设计,也体现出平台的灵活性。

Research on Control Method of Inverters for Large-scale Grid Connected Photovoltaic Power System

A grid-connected inverter controlling method to analyze dynamic process of large-scale and grid-connected photovoltaic power station is proposed. The reference values of control variables are composed of maximum power which is the output of the photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power plant, and power factor specified by dispatching, the control strategy of dynamic feedback linearization is adopted. Nonlinear decoupling controller is designed for realizing decoupling control of active and reactive power. The cascade PI regulation is proposed to avoid inaccurate parameter estimation which generates the system static error. Simulation is carried out based on the simplified power system with large-scale photovoltaic plant modelling, and the power factor, solar radiation strength, and bus fault are considered for the further research. It’s demonstrated that the parameter adjustment of PI controller is simple and convenient, dynamic response of system is transient, and the stability of the inverter control is verified.

Forecast of Power Generation for Grid-Connected Photo-voltaic System Based on Grey Theory and Verification Model

Being photovoltaic power generation affected by radiation strength, wind speed, clouds cover and environment temperature, the generating in each moment is fluctuating. The operational characteristics of grid-connected PV systems are coincided with gray theory application conditions. A gray theory model has been applied in short-term forecast of grid-connected photovoltaic system. The verification model of the probability of small error will help to check the accuracy of the gray forecast results. The calculated result shows that the ?model accuracy has been greatly enhanced.

A composite controller for grid connected photovoltaic systems

This paper addresses a new composite controller for a boost-buck inverter to interface the photovoltaic array with the power grid. Based on dynamically tracking the maximum power point, two novel control methodologies are proposed to control the DC-bus and the output current for the inverter. First, a new linear cycle discrete control algorithm is introduced to realize linear control of the DC-bus voltage and synchronously get the reference current for the inner current loop with a little calculation. Then, to assure a good adaptability to noise and model uncertainty, an auto-disturbance rejection controller is chosen as the output current controller, which does not depend on precise mathematics model. Thus, output current of PV system to the grid is with low harmonic distortion and unity power factor. Simulations and experiments are performed, and the results show that the system is of excellent robustness and effective.

Quasi-Z Source Inverter Control of PV Grid-Connected Based on Fuzzy PCI

The photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is an important interface between the photovoltaic power generation system and power grid.Its high-quality operation is directly related to the output power quality of the power grid.In order to further optimize the control effect of the quasi-Z source grid-connected photovoltaic inverter,a fuzzy proportional complex integral control(PCI)method is proposed for the current internal loop control.This method can eliminate the steady-state error,and has the characteristic of zero steady-state error adjustment for the AC disturbance signal of a specific frequency.The inductance-capacitance-inductance(LCL)filter is adopted in the grid-connected circuit,and the feedback capacitive current is taken as the control variable of the inner loop to form the active damping control method,which can not only effectively suppress the resonance of the LCL circuit,but also significantly inhibit the high-order harmonics in the grid-connected current.Finally,a system simulation model is built in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method.

FCS-MPC Strategy for PV Grid-Connected Inverter Based on MLD Model

In the process of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation,there are high requirements for the quality of the power that the inverter breaks into the grid.In this work,to improve the power quality of the grid-connected inverter into the grid,and the output of the system can meet the grid-connected requirements more quickly and accurately,we exhibit an approach toward establishing a mixed logical dynamical(MLD)model where logic variables were introduced to switch dynamics of the single-phase photovoltaic inverters.Besides,based on the model,our recent efforts in studying the finite control set model predictive control(FCS-MPC)and devising the output current full state observer are exciting for several advantages,including effectively avoiding the problem of the mixed-integer quadratic programming(MIQP),lowering the THD value of the output current of the inverter circuit,improving the quality of the power that the inverter breaks into the grid,and realizing the current output and the grid voltage same frequency and phase to meet grid connection requirements.Finally,the effectiveness of the mentioned methods is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation.

Overview of Boost Converters for Photovoltaic Systems

DC-DC boost power converters play an important role in solar power systems;they step up the input voltage of a solar array for a given set of conditions. This paper presents an overview of the variance boost converter topologies. Each boost converter is evaluated on its capability to operate efficient, size, and cost of implementation. Conventional boost converter and interleaved boost converter are widely used topologies in photovoltaic systems reported;however, they have negative sides of varied efficiency level under changed weather conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes, interleaved boost converter with novel switch adaptive control, to maximise efficiency of standalone photovoltaic system under change of solar power levels, due to illadation condition.

Novel Switch Adaptive Control to Improve the Efficiency of Boost Converter in Photovoltaic Systems

The efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is affected by the changeable weather conditions. This paper improves the efficiency of a standalone PV system over a wider range of operating conditions by employing novel switch adaptive control to an interleaved boost converter. With various loads, simulation and experimental results show that the interleaved boost converter with novel switch adaptive control offers better performance and higher conversion efficiency under changeable weather conditions.

Outdoor Performance Evaluation of Grid-Connected PV Technologies in Cyprus

This paper presents the outdoor performance evaluation of different grid-connected PV technologies installed in Cyprus over a two year period. The PV research and testing facility at the University of Cyprus was commissioned in 2006 to perform continuous measurements of meteorological and PV operational parameters. The test site is appropriately equipped to undertake such evaluations at a very high resolution （1 measurement per second）. The perfromance results obtained for the two year evaluation period clearly show how each PV technology has performed under the climatological conditions in Cyprus. Finally the high average energy yield of the fixed plate systems under test, 1580 kWh/kWp and 1609 kWh/kWp during the first and second year of evaluation respectively, also verifies that solar energy is a very promising renewable source of energy for countries with a high solar resource.