A Distributed Photovoltaics Ordering Grid-Connected Method for Analyzing Voltage Impact in Radial Distribution Networks

In recent years,distributed photovoltaics(DPV)has ushered in a good development situation due to the advantages of pollution-free power generation,full utilization of the ground or roof of the installation site,and balancing a large number of loads nearby.However,under the background of a large-scale DPV grid-connected to the county distribution network,an effective analysis method is needed to analyze its impact on the voltage of the distribution network in the early development stage of DPV.Therefore,a DPV orderly grid-connected method based on photovoltaics grid-connected order degree(PGOD)is proposed.This method aims to orderly analyze the change of voltage in the distribution network when large-scale DPV will be connected.Firstly,based on the voltagemagnitude sensitivity(VMS)index of the photovoltaics permitted grid-connected node and the acceptance of grid-connected node(AoGCN)index of other nodes in the network,thePGODindex is constructed to determine the photovoltaics permitted grid-connected node of the current photovoltaics grid-connected state network.Secondly,a photovoltaics orderly grid-connected model with a continuous updating state is constructed to obtain an orderly DPV grid-connected order.The simulation results illustrate that the photovoltaics grid-connected order determined by this method based on PGOD can effectively analyze the voltage impact of large-scale photovoltaics grid-connected,and explore the internal factors and characteristics of the impact.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Distributed PV Grid-Connected Based on Combined Weighting Weights and TOPSIS-RSR Method

To effectively quantify the impact of distributed photovoltaic(PV)access on the distribution network,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of distributed PV grid connection combining subjective and objective combination of assignment and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)—rank sum ratio(RSR)(TOPSIS-RSR)method.Based on the traditional distribution network evaluation system,a comprehensive evaluation system has been constructed.It fully considers the new development requirements of distributed PV access on the environmental friendliness and absorptive capacity of the distribution grid and comprehensively reflects the impact of distributed PV grid connection.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine the subjective weights of the primary indicators,and the Spearman consistency test was combined to determine the weights of the secondary indicators based on three objective assignment methods.The subjective and objective combination weights of each assessment indicator were calculated through the principle of minimum entropy.Calculate the distance between the indicators to be evaluated and the positive and negative ideal solutions,the relative closeness ranking,and qualitative binning by TOPSIS-RSR method to obtain the comprehensive evaluation results of different scenarios.By setting up different PV grid-connected scenarios and utilizing the IEEE33 node simulation algorithm,the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed subject-object combination assignment and integrated assessment method are verified.

Evaluation of the Performances of the First Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System in Sénégal

This document presents the evaluation and the monitoring of the performances of the first grid-connected photovoltaic system installed in the Center of Studies and Researches on the Renewable Energies (CERER) inaugurated on December 4th, 2012 by the governmental authorities of Senegal and Tenerife. This mini power plant of 3.15 kWc is a perfect example of the political will of the government which is to reduce the production cost of the electricity, with the diversification of the sources of production, and the greater use of the other sources such as the natural gas, the coal, the renewable energies. The evaluation of the performances of the installation is realized by using the indicators of efficiency and performance as the photovoltaic surface yield, the ratio of photovoltaic performance, the photovoltaic specific yield, and the losses of captures. The obtained results show that a big part of the energy shone during the period of observation was not able to be used further to circumstances such as the losses of conductivity, the heat losses or for example the defects on components. The analysis also shows that a large part of the produced energy is not injected because of the dilapidation of the network, the defects of landing but especially one disjunction sees frequently at the level of the point of injection.

Large-Scale Distributed Photovoltaic Power Dispatching and Operation Management Review

Distributed photovoltaic power (PV) is the main development model of distributed generation. It is necessary to research on dispatching and operation management with large-scale distributed PV connected. This paper analyzes development status, technical requirement and dispatching and operation management situation of distributed PV in Germany and China. Then introduce the preparation of distributed PV dispatching and operation management criterion. Through summarizing the experiences and lessons of large-scale distributed PV development in Germany, it gives advice to the development of distributed PV dispatching and operation management in China.

Research on Control Method of Inverters for Large-scale Grid Connected Photovoltaic Power System

A grid-connected inverter controlling method to analyze dynamic process of large-scale and grid-connected photovoltaic power station is proposed. The reference values of control variables are composed of maximum power which is the output of the photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power plant, and power factor specified by dispatching, the control strategy of dynamic feedback linearization is adopted. Nonlinear decoupling controller is designed for realizing decoupling control of active and reactive power. The cascade PI regulation is proposed to avoid inaccurate parameter estimation which generates the system static error. Simulation is carried out based on the simplified power system with large-scale photovoltaic plant modelling, and the power factor, solar radiation strength, and bus fault are considered for the further research. It’s demonstrated that the parameter adjustment of PI controller is simple and convenient, dynamic response of system is transient, and the stability of the inverter control is verified.

A composite controller for grid connected photovoltaic systems

This paper addresses a new composite controller for a boost-buck inverter to interface the photovoltaic array with the power grid. Based on dynamically tracking the maximum power point, two novel control methodologies are proposed to control the DC-bus and the output current for the inverter. First, a new linear cycle discrete control algorithm is introduced to realize linear control of the DC-bus voltage and synchronously get the reference current for the inner current loop with a little calculation. Then, to assure a good adaptability to noise and model uncertainty, an auto-disturbance rejection controller is chosen as the output current controller, which does not depend on precise mathematics model. Thus, output current of PV system to the grid is with low harmonic distortion and unity power factor. Simulations and experiments are performed, and the results show that the system is of excellent robustness and effective.

Forecast of Power Generation for Grid-Connected Photo-voltaic System Based on Grey Theory and Verification Model

Being photovoltaic power generation affected by radiation strength, wind speed, clouds cover and environment temperature, the generating in each moment is fluctuating. The operational characteristics of grid-connected PV systems are coincided with gray theory application conditions. A gray theory model has been applied in short-term forecast of grid-connected photovoltaic system. The verification model of the probability of small error will help to check the accuracy of the gray forecast results. The calculated result shows that the ?model accuracy has been greatly enhanced.

Quasi-Z Source Inverter Control of PV Grid-Connected Based on Fuzzy PCI

The photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is an important interface between the photovoltaic power generation system and power grid.Its high-quality operation is directly related to the output power quality of the power grid.In order to further optimize the control effect of the quasi-Z source grid-connected photovoltaic inverter,a fuzzy proportional complex integral control(PCI)method is proposed for the current internal loop control.This method can eliminate the steady-state error,and has the characteristic of zero steady-state error adjustment for the AC disturbance signal of a specific frequency.The inductance-capacitance-inductance(LCL)filter is adopted in the grid-connected circuit,and the feedback capacitive current is taken as the control variable of the inner loop to form the active damping control method,which can not only effectively suppress the resonance of the LCL circuit,but also significantly inhibit the high-order harmonics in the grid-connected current.Finally,a system simulation model is built in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method.

FCS-MPC Strategy for PV Grid-Connected Inverter Based on MLD Model

In the process of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation,there are high requirements for the quality of the power that the inverter breaks into the grid.In this work,to improve the power quality of the grid-connected inverter into the grid,and the output of the system can meet the grid-connected requirements more quickly and accurately,we exhibit an approach toward establishing a mixed logical dynamical(MLD)model where logic variables were introduced to switch dynamics of the single-phase photovoltaic inverters.Besides,based on the model,our recent efforts in studying the finite control set model predictive control(FCS-MPC)and devising the output current full state observer are exciting for several advantages,including effectively avoiding the problem of the mixed-integer quadratic programming(MIQP),lowering the THD value of the output current of the inverter circuit,improving the quality of the power that the inverter breaks into the grid,and realizing the current output and the grid voltage same frequency and phase to meet grid connection requirements.Finally,the effectiveness of the mentioned methods is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation.

Outdoor Performance Evaluation of Grid-Connected PV Technologies in Cyprus

This paper presents the outdoor performance evaluation of different grid-connected PV technologies installed in Cyprus over a two year period. The PV research and testing facility at the University of Cyprus was commissioned in 2006 to perform continuous measurements of meteorological and PV operational parameters. The test site is appropriately equipped to undertake such evaluations at a very high resolution （1 measurement per second）. The perfromance results obtained for the two year evaluation period clearly show how each PV technology has performed under the climatological conditions in Cyprus. Finally the high average energy yield of the fixed plate systems under test, 1580 kWh/kWp and 1609 kWh/kWp during the first and second year of evaluation respectively, also verifies that solar energy is a very promising renewable source of energy for countries with a high solar resource.

A Simulation Research on the Grid-Connected Control Technology of Single-Phase Inverters Based on MATLAB

This paper primarily discusses the main circuit of single-phase inverter circuits.It begins by introducing the research context and the significance of the subject,then discusses the topology of grid-connected single-phase inverter circuits,continues by discussing the control strategy for grid-connected single-phase inverter circuits,realizes a sinusoidal pulse width modulation(SPWM)signal generation circuit and an inverse control algorithm program,and finally ensures good output waveform and fast dynamic response.In view of the hysteresis feature of the grid voltage’s synchronous signal sampling circuit,the acquisition function in digital signal processing(DSP)control chips is applied,and the reasons for the hysteresis phenomenon are thoroughly investigated.The reliability of the SPWM control algorithm is revealed through the results.

中国光伏产业环境成熟度区域异质性研究

论文从政治环境、经济环境、社会文化环境、技术环境和自然环境5个维度构建了光伏产业环境成熟度评价指标体系,采用组合赋权结合云模型方法,对2020年我国各省份光伏产业环境成熟度进行评估。结果表明:(1)我国光伏产业环境成熟度仍有较大提升空间,53.33%的省份仍处于不成熟阶段。(2)光伏产业环境成熟度呈现区域聚集性,中东部地区以及太阳能资源丰富的西部地区成熟度明显高于其他地区。(3)技术环境和政治环境是推动光伏产业发展的重要因素,在发展初期,政策是主要驱动力,进入成长和成熟阶段后,政策支持力度逐渐减弱,技术推动占主导。(4)光伏产业发展存在木桶效应,区域光伏产业环境成熟度的提高需要各维度共同驱动。

考虑保供电需求的光储微电网优化配置及电能质量评估

针对用户日益迫切的保供电需求以及光伏出力与负荷用电的随机性、波动性引发的电能质量的问题,建立了考虑保供电需求的光储微电网双层优化模型,并对规划配置的微电网电能质量进行评估。该模型以等效净负荷标准差和弃光率最小为上层优化目标,以微电网有功功率损耗最小为下层优化目标,以储能满足保供电负荷的保供电需求作为附加约束条件,采用遗传算法求解。然后设计源、网、荷三类指标,采用组合赋权法确定各指标权重,实现对微电网电能质量的综合评估。最后以改进的IEEE-33系统验证了所提模型的有效性。结果表明考虑保供电需求后能够提高微电网电能质量,并在一定范围内保供电负荷越大时越能提高微电网电能质量和用户满意度。

基于云模型的水光互补清洁能源基地容量配置方案优选

为优选水光互补清洁能源基地容量配置方案,从安全性、环保性、经济性、技术性4个方面选取14个指标构建了综合评价指标体系,采用改进云模型方法对容量配置方案进行评价。改进云模型方法以基于层次分析法改进的云模型求解主观权重,以熵权法求解客观权重,组合赋权得到指标权重,再利用条件云发生器计算各指标的隶属度,最后根据级别特征值法计算容量方案等级评分,确定最优方案。将该方法应用于我国西南某清洁能源基地水光互补系统容量配置方案的优选,优选结果与集对分析法优选结果和实际选择方案均相符,证明了该方法的有效性与适用性。

光储联合发电系统不对称故障穿越控制策略

针对电网不对称故障下光伏发电系统输出功率与直流侧电压二倍频波动问题,提出了一种光储联合发电系统低电压穿越控制策略。在低电压穿越期间,充分利用光伏并网逆变器和储能变流器容量向电网输送有功和无功功率;在此基础上令储能变流器采取基于负序虚拟电导的负序电压补偿控制策略;同时,分析了单台以及多台储能变流器参与负序电压补偿的原理,并对负序虚拟电导进行了自适应优化设计。仿真结果表明,所提控制策略能够有效削弱光伏发电系统输出功率与直流侧电压的二倍频波动。

风电-光伏发电-抽水蓄能联合优化调度方法

为解决电力市场环境下的风电、光伏发电、抽水蓄能协同互补问题,提出了一种同时参与日前市场和实时平衡市场的风电-光伏发电-抽水蓄能联合优化调度方法。该方法考虑风电和光伏发电出力的不确定性,基于生成对抗网络和峰值密度聚类算法生成风电、光伏发电联合出力典型场景;基于抽水蓄能的灵活调节特性,并考虑风电和光伏发电实时出力引起的平衡成本,构建了风电-光伏发电-抽水蓄能联合参与日前市场和实时平衡市场的两阶段随机联合优化调度模型,最大化风电-光伏发电-抽水蓄能联合发电系统的收益。算例仿真结果表明,该方法具有有效性和合理性。

计及最小惯量约束的风光火储联合系统优化调度

风、光、储多种新能源并网使系统常常处在低惯量运行场景下,给考虑频率稳定的系统优化调度带来极大挑战。为此提出了一种计及最小惯量约束的多源联合电力系统优化调度模型。首先,综合考虑两项频率指标,计算满足频率指标的系统最小惯量需求,将非线性的频率稳定约束转化为线性的最小惯量约束加入调度模型之中。其次,利用含模糊参数的机会约束表达源荷不确定性对于联合系统的影响,建立模糊参数下的系统优化调度模型。最后,通过IEEE 30节点系统验证了该模型的经济性与安全性。

考虑外送输电容量限制的梯级水光互补日前鲁棒调峰调度方法

水光联合外送可促进新能源消纳,但光伏出力预测的不确定性会影响水光互补优化调度的经济性和安全性。提出一种考虑外送输电容量限制的梯级水光互补联合发电系统日前鲁棒调度方法。考虑光伏出力不确定性,构建水光互补联合发电系统的日前调峰鲁棒优化调度模型,该模型以最小化受端电网剩余负荷峰谷差为目标,计及梯级水电的上、下游水力耦合约束。采用高效线性化方法对梯级水电运行的非线性模型进行处理,并利用对偶方法实现鲁棒模型的确定性转化。算例仿真结果表明,利用所提方法制定的梯级水电发电计划能充分考虑光伏出力的不确定性,兼顾联合发电系统调峰效果和光伏消纳,实现梯级水电和光伏的互补运行。

基于门控循环神经网络的边缘服务中心风光荷组合预测方法

边缘计算因数据处理快、低成本和高实时等优点近年来在能源行业中受到广泛关注,而在边缘服务器上开展预测有助于对能源精细化管控。因此,针对边缘服务资源的有限性,基于差分自回归整合移动平均(autoregressive integrated moving average,ARIMA)模型和门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit,GRU)神经网络,提出考虑线性和非线性特征的风、光、荷组合预测方法。ARIMA用于提取源、荷的线性特征,将其与真实值进行拟合,得到包含非线性特征的残差。其次,将残差作为GRU的训练数据集建立预测模型,再引入剪枝和量化方法优化及压缩GRU模型,减小预测模型规模,以适应边缘服务器部署。大量仿真结果表明,所构建的GRU压缩模型规模小、预测精度高,适合边缘服务器的部署应用。

Performance Assessment of a Real PV System Connected to a Low-Voltage Grid

The generation of photovoltaic(PV)solar energy is increasing continuously because it is renewable,unlimited,and clean energy.In the past,generation systems depended on non-renewable sources such as oil,coal,and gas.Therefore,this paper assesses the performance of a 51 kW PV solar power plant connected to a low-voltage grid to feed an administrative building in the 6th of October City,Egypt.The performance analysis of the considered grid-connected PV system is carried out using power system simulator for Engineering(PSS/E)software.Where the PSS/E program,monitors and uses the power analyzer that displays the parameters and measures some parameters such as current,voltage,total power,power factor,frequency,and current and voltage harmonics,the used inverter from the type of grid inverter for the considered system.The results conclude that when the maximum solar radiation is reached,the maximum current can be obtained from the solar panels,thus obtaining the maximum power and power factor.Decreasing total voltage harmonic distortion,a current harmonic distortion within permissible limits using active harmonic distortion because this type is fast in processing up to 300 microseconds.The connection between solar stations and the national grid makes the system more efficient.