Neurologists define the transmission of nerve impulses across the membranes of the neural cells as a result of difference in the concentration of ions while they measured an electric potential, called as an action pot...Neurologists define the transmission of nerve impulses across the membranes of the neural cells as a result of difference in the concentration of ions while they measured an electric potential, called as an action potential, which allows the propagation of such nerve impulses as electrical signals. Such measurements should guide them to a logical explanation of the nerve impulses as electric charges driven by the measured action potential. However, such logical conclusion, or explanation, is ignored due to a wrong definition of the flow of electric charges as a flow of electrons that cannot pass through neural networks. According to recent studies, electric charges are properly defined as electromagnetic (EM) waves whose energy is expressed as the product of its propagating electric potential times their entropy flow which is adhered to the flow of such energy. Such definition matches the logical conclusion of the nerve impulses as electric charges, as previously explained, and defines the entropy of the neural network, measured by Ammeters, in Watt or Joule/Volt. The measured entropy represents a neurodiagnostic property of the neural networks that measures its capacity to allow the flow of energy per unit action potential. Theoretical verification of the innovative definition of nerve impulses is presented by following an advanced entropy approach. A proper review of the machine records of the stimulating electric charges, used in the diagnosis of the neural networks, and the stimulated nerve impulses or stimulated responses, represents practical verifications of the innovative definitions of the electric charges and the nerve impulses. Comparing the functioning of the thermoelectric generators and the brain neurons, such neurons are defined as thermoelectric generators of the electric nerve impulses and their propagating, or action, potential.展开更多
目的分析儿童常见周围性眩晕的视频头脉冲试验(video head impulse test,vHIT)结果并探讨vHIT的诊断价值。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2022年3月就诊于苏州大学附属第二医院眩晕诊治中心的儿童常见周围性眩晕患儿78例,根据年龄将患儿分为...目的分析儿童常见周围性眩晕的视频头脉冲试验(video head impulse test,vHIT)结果并探讨vHIT的诊断价值。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2022年3月就诊于苏州大学附属第二医院眩晕诊治中心的儿童常见周围性眩晕患儿78例,根据年龄将患儿分为≤10岁组26例和>10岁组52例,分析其vHIT检查结果。结果78例周围性眩晕患儿中儿童良性阵发性眩晕(benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood,BPVC)28例,前庭性偏头痛(vestibular mi⁃graine,VM)20例,前庭神经炎(vestibular neuritis,VN)15例,突发性聋伴眩晕(sudden deafness with vertigo,SD)8例,梅尼埃病(Meniere's disease,MD)7例。vHIT检查结果异常47例,其中BPVC14例,VM12例,VN14例,SD3例,MD4例。儿童vHIT检查中出现伪迹的概率更高,最常见的伪迹类型为眨眼,高增益值及追踪震荡,≤10岁组vHIT检查出现伪迹多于>10岁组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论儿童周围性眩晕最常见的病因主要为BPVC及VM,vHIT在儿童眩晕的诊断中具有很高的特异性,但出现伪迹的概率较高,检查过程中需注意甄别并防范。展开更多
高原地区雷害频繁,电气外绝缘性能降低。修建高原铁路隧道需要对隧道净空绝缘间隙进行修正,其中隧道-架空接触网气隙间距是确定隧道净空间隙的重要依据,雷电冲击放电电压是确定该气隙最小间距的控制因素。国内外现有高海拔修正系列标准...高原地区雷害频繁,电气外绝缘性能降低。修建高原铁路隧道需要对隧道净空绝缘间隙进行修正,其中隧道-架空接触网气隙间距是确定隧道净空间隙的重要依据,雷电冲击放电电压是确定该气隙最小间距的控制因素。国内外现有高海拔修正系列标准均不适用于3000 m以上地区,考虑放电基本特性和原理,在人工气候实验室搭建铁路隧道的典型结构,并模拟高原地区气候特点,研究300~700 mm 5个短间隙在243~4000 m 5个海拔条件下的正、负极性雷电冲击放电特性。基于大气实际参数提出了3种隧道净空绝缘间隙修正方法,建议在2、3、4 km海拔处分别按照340、390、440 mm进行隧道-架空接触网绝缘间隙修正,从而确定最小隧道净空高度。该方法可为高海拔地区铁路的电气化设计和改造提供指导,具有工程应用意义。展开更多
名词短语作为重要词语组合之一,在神经科学、心理学、计算机科学等领域受到广泛关注,在语言学研究领域更是持续的热点,国外相关研究从1945年以来形成了气候,但是却没有相关研究综述。因此,以Web of Science核心集为数据来源,运用文献计...名词短语作为重要词语组合之一,在神经科学、心理学、计算机科学等领域受到广泛关注,在语言学研究领域更是持续的热点,国外相关研究从1945年以来形成了气候,但是却没有相关研究综述。因此,以Web of Science核心集为数据来源,运用文献计量工具CiteSpace,从文献作者、研究机构、研究热点和前沿等方面,对1945-2022年期间关于名词短语研究的文献进行了可视化分析。研究表明:(1)国外名词短语研究广泛且分散,发文国家多,仅形成美国、英国和法国三个高中介中心型国家。中国起步晚,但发展迅速,已成为发文量前五国家之一;(2) Schriefers、Caramazza和Costa发文量多且已形成合作网络。中国作者中香港城市大学兰舸形成了一定的合作网络。Chomsky和Levelt文献影响力最大;(3)名词短语生成、词序、一致性、搭配、名词短语复杂性是名词短语研究的热门话题。高被引文献主题集中在名词短语生成和名词短语复杂性两个方面,代表名词短语研究前沿。展开更多
文摘Neurologists define the transmission of nerve impulses across the membranes of the neural cells as a result of difference in the concentration of ions while they measured an electric potential, called as an action potential, which allows the propagation of such nerve impulses as electrical signals. Such measurements should guide them to a logical explanation of the nerve impulses as electric charges driven by the measured action potential. However, such logical conclusion, or explanation, is ignored due to a wrong definition of the flow of electric charges as a flow of electrons that cannot pass through neural networks. According to recent studies, electric charges are properly defined as electromagnetic (EM) waves whose energy is expressed as the product of its propagating electric potential times their entropy flow which is adhered to the flow of such energy. Such definition matches the logical conclusion of the nerve impulses as electric charges, as previously explained, and defines the entropy of the neural network, measured by Ammeters, in Watt or Joule/Volt. The measured entropy represents a neurodiagnostic property of the neural networks that measures its capacity to allow the flow of energy per unit action potential. Theoretical verification of the innovative definition of nerve impulses is presented by following an advanced entropy approach. A proper review of the machine records of the stimulating electric charges, used in the diagnosis of the neural networks, and the stimulated nerve impulses or stimulated responses, represents practical verifications of the innovative definitions of the electric charges and the nerve impulses. Comparing the functioning of the thermoelectric generators and the brain neurons, such neurons are defined as thermoelectric generators of the electric nerve impulses and their propagating, or action, potential.
文摘目的分析儿童常见周围性眩晕的视频头脉冲试验(video head impulse test,vHIT)结果并探讨vHIT的诊断价值。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2022年3月就诊于苏州大学附属第二医院眩晕诊治中心的儿童常见周围性眩晕患儿78例,根据年龄将患儿分为≤10岁组26例和>10岁组52例,分析其vHIT检查结果。结果78例周围性眩晕患儿中儿童良性阵发性眩晕(benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood,BPVC)28例,前庭性偏头痛(vestibular mi⁃graine,VM)20例,前庭神经炎(vestibular neuritis,VN)15例,突发性聋伴眩晕(sudden deafness with vertigo,SD)8例,梅尼埃病(Meniere's disease,MD)7例。vHIT检查结果异常47例,其中BPVC14例,VM12例,VN14例,SD3例,MD4例。儿童vHIT检查中出现伪迹的概率更高,最常见的伪迹类型为眨眼,高增益值及追踪震荡,≤10岁组vHIT检查出现伪迹多于>10岁组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论儿童周围性眩晕最常见的病因主要为BPVC及VM,vHIT在儿童眩晕的诊断中具有很高的特异性,但出现伪迹的概率较高,检查过程中需注意甄别并防范。
文摘高原地区雷害频繁,电气外绝缘性能降低。修建高原铁路隧道需要对隧道净空绝缘间隙进行修正,其中隧道-架空接触网气隙间距是确定隧道净空间隙的重要依据,雷电冲击放电电压是确定该气隙最小间距的控制因素。国内外现有高海拔修正系列标准均不适用于3000 m以上地区,考虑放电基本特性和原理,在人工气候实验室搭建铁路隧道的典型结构,并模拟高原地区气候特点,研究300~700 mm 5个短间隙在243~4000 m 5个海拔条件下的正、负极性雷电冲击放电特性。基于大气实际参数提出了3种隧道净空绝缘间隙修正方法,建议在2、3、4 km海拔处分别按照340、390、440 mm进行隧道-架空接触网绝缘间隙修正,从而确定最小隧道净空高度。该方法可为高海拔地区铁路的电气化设计和改造提供指导,具有工程应用意义。
文摘名词短语作为重要词语组合之一,在神经科学、心理学、计算机科学等领域受到广泛关注,在语言学研究领域更是持续的热点,国外相关研究从1945年以来形成了气候,但是却没有相关研究综述。因此,以Web of Science核心集为数据来源,运用文献计量工具CiteSpace,从文献作者、研究机构、研究热点和前沿等方面,对1945-2022年期间关于名词短语研究的文献进行了可视化分析。研究表明:(1)国外名词短语研究广泛且分散,发文国家多,仅形成美国、英国和法国三个高中介中心型国家。中国起步晚,但发展迅速,已成为发文量前五国家之一;(2) Schriefers、Caramazza和Costa发文量多且已形成合作网络。中国作者中香港城市大学兰舸形成了一定的合作网络。Chomsky和Levelt文献影响力最大;(3)名词短语生成、词序、一致性、搭配、名词短语复杂性是名词短语研究的热门话题。高被引文献主题集中在名词短语生成和名词短语复杂性两个方面,代表名词短语研究前沿。
