THE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NANSHA ISLANDS

Qwing to the unique environments,rich marine resources, monsoon climate and ocean current, the Chinese fishennen from Hainan and Guangdong came to the Nansha Islands 2000 years ago. They have kept engnging in the developmen of production since then. The rich historical records and a lot of cultural relics have proved this.

Integrated assessment of river health based on water quality, aquatic life and physical habitat

The health conditions of Liao River were assessed using 25 sampling sites in April 2005, with water quality index, biotic index and physical habitat quality index. Based on the method of cluster analysis （CA） for water quality indices, it revealed that heavily polluted sites of Liao River are located at estuary and mainstream. The aquatic species surveyed were attached algae and benthic invertebrates. The result showed that the diversity and biomass of attached algae and benthic index of biotic integrity （B-IBI） were degrading as the chemical and physical quality of water bodies deteriorating. Physiochemical parameters, BODs, CODcr, TN, TP, NH3-N, DO, petroleum hydrocarbon and conductivity, were statistically analyzed with principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The statistical results were incorporated into the integrated assessing water quality index, combining fecal coliform count, attached algae diversity, B-IBI and physical habitat quality score. A comprehensive integrated assessing system of fiver ecological health was established. Based on the systimetic assessment, the assessed sites are categorized into 9 ＂healthy＂ and ＂sub-healthy＂ sites and 8 ＂sub-sick＂ and ＂sick＂ sites.

The effects of plyometric jump training on physical fitness attributes in basketball players:A meta-analysis`

Background:There is a growing body of experimental evidence examining the effects of plyometric jump training(PJT)on physical fitness attributes in basketball players;however,this evidence has not yet been comprehensively and systematically aggregated.Therefore,our objective was to meta-analyze the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes in basketball players,in comparison to a control condition.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed,Web of Science,and Scopus,up to July 2020.Peer-reviewed controlled trials with baseline and follow-up measurements investigating the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes(muscle power,i.e.,jumping performance,linear sprint speed,change-of-direction speed,balance,and muscle strength)in basketball players,with no restrictions on their playing level,sex,or age.Hedge’s g effect sizes(ES)were calculated for physical fitness variables.Using a random-effects model,potential sources of heterogeneity were selected,including subgroup analyses(age,sex,body mass,and height)and single training factor analysis(program duration,training frequency,and total number of training sessions).Computation of metaregression was also performed.Results:Thirty-two studies were included,involving 818 total basketball players.Significant(p<0.05)small-to-large effects of PJT were evident on vertical jump power(ES=0.45),countermovement jump height with(ES=1.24)and without arm swing(ES=0.88),squat jump height(ES=0.80),drop jump height(ES=0.53),horizontal jump distance(ES=0.65),linear sprint time across distances≤10 m(ES=1.67)and>10 m(ES=0.92),change-of-direction performance time across distances≤40 m(ES=1.15)and>40 m(ES=1.02),dynamic(ES=1.16)and static balance(ES=1.48),and maximal strength(ES=0.57).The meta-regression revealed that training duration,training frequency,and total number of sessions completed did not predict the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes.Subgroup analysis indicated greater improvements in older compared to younger players in horizontal jump distance(>17.15 years,ES=2.11;≤17.15 years,ES=0.10;p<0.001),linear sprint time>10 m(>16.3 years,ES=1.83;≤16.3 years,ES=0.36;p=0.010),and change-of-direction performance time≤40 m(>16.3 years,ES=1.65;≤16.3 years,ES=0.75;p=0.005).Greater increases in horizontal jump distance were apparent with>2 compared with≤2 weekly PJT sessions(ES=2.12 and ES=0.39,respectively;p<0.001).Conclusion:Data from 32 studies(28 of which demonstrate moderate-to-high methodological quality)indicate PJT improves muscle power,linear sprint speed,change-of-direction speed,balance,and muscle strength in basketball players independent of sex,age,or PJT program variables.However,the beneficial effects of PJT as measured by horizontal jump distance,linear sprint time>10 m,and change-of-direction performance time≤40 m,appear to be more evident among older basketball players.

Effects of deep alkaline and acidic fluids on reservoir developed in fault belt of saline lacustrine basin

Through the long development processes of reservoir sedimentation and diagenesis, acidic and alkaline fluids play key roles in controlling deep reservoir development. However, the ways in which deep fluids control and transform the reservoir under complex fault conditions remain unclear. In this study, a 2D model was established based on a typical sub-salt to intra-salt vertical profile in the Qaidam Basin, China. Based on measured data, multiphase flow reaction and solute transport simulation technology were used to analyze fluids flow and migration in the intra-salt and sub-salt reservoirs, determine the mineral dissolution, precipitation, and transformation in the reservoir caused by the deep fluids, and calculate the changes in reservoir porosity. Results show that deep fluid migrates preferentially along dominant channels and triggers a series of fluid–rock chemical reactions. In the first stage, a large amount of anhydrite precipitated in the fault as a result of upward migration of deep saline fluid, resulting in the formation of anhydrite veins and blockage at the base of the fault. In the second stage, organic acids caused minerals dissolution and a vertical channel was opened in previously blocked area, which promoted continuous upward migration of organic acids and the formation of secondary pores. This study clarifies the transformative effects of deep alkaline and acidic fluids on the reservoir. Moreover, the important fluid transport role of faults and their effect on reservoir development were determined.

Environmental characteristics of annual pico/nanophytoplankton blooms along the Qinhuangdao Coast

Abstract Blooms of some pico/nanophytoplankton have occurred frequently along the Qinhuangdao coast since 2009, and it is necessary to identify the critical environmental factors inducing them. In this study, variations in the physical and nutrient characteristics of the seawater were analyzed following the development of local blooms in 2013. The local environmental characteristics were also compared with those of the Changjiang River estuary, China, and the Long Island estuaries in the USA, which are also prone to blooms of special algal species. In Qinhuangdao the local water temperature varied seasonally and rose above 15~C in 2013 early summer, coincident with the water discoloration. The salinity was more than 28 with a variation range of 〈3 throughout the year. Our results suggest that the physical conditions of the Qinhuangdao coastal area were suitable for the explosive proliferation of certain pico/nanophytoplankton, e.g. Aureococcus anophagefferens. The water supporting the bloom was not in a condition of serious eutrophication, but there were relatively high concentrations of reduced nitrogen （especially ammonium）, which acted as an important nitrogen source for the pico/nanophytoplankton bloom. There was also a large gap between total nitrogen （TN） and dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）. Although the phosphate concentration was relatively low, there was no evidence of phosphorus limitation to the growth of pico/ nanophytoplankton during bloom events.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GENETIC ALGORITHM IN CAPTURING CONDITIONAL NONLINEAR OPTIMAL PERTURBATION WITH PARAMETERIZATION “ON-OFF” SWITCHES INCLUDED BY A MODEL

In the typhoon adaptive observation based on conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP), the ‘on-off’ switch caused by moist physical parameterization in prediction models prevents the conventional adjoint method from providing correct gradient during the optimization process. To address this problem, the capture of CNOP, when the "on-off" switches are included in models, is treated as non-smooth optimization in this study, and the genetic algorithm (GA) is introduced. After detailed algorithm procedures are formulated using an idealized model with parameterization "on-off" switches in the forcing term, the impacts of "on-off" switches on the capture of CNOP are analyzed, and three numerical experiments are conducted to check the effectiveness of GA in capturing CNOP and to analyze the impacts of different initial populations on the optimization result. The result shows that GA is competent for the capture of CNOP in the context of the idealized model with parameterization ‘on-off’ switches in this study. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of GA in capturing CNOP are analyzed in detail.

Crustal Texture and Rheological Evolution of Tongbai－Dabie Orogenic Belt，China

The crustal texture and rheological evolution of the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt are approached from a physical standpoint on the basis of a large body of geological, chronological and geophysical data available in the region. Rheological profiles showing variation of rock Strength with depth in the continental crust are constructed for 1-D crustal structure limited to the Present and Meso-Neoproterozoic structural configurations of the deformed belt, respectively .It is emphasized that the crustal texture and composition have been heterogeneous with the rheological stratification and complicated rheological evolution since the Meso-Neoproterozoic at least. The data appear that the Tongbai - Dabie tectonic belt is a polyphase collisional orogen with evidence for cyclically transition from compressional to extensional regimes and rheological behavior in the levels of the crust.

Evaluation on application effect of psychological nursing intervention on patients with traumatic endophthalmitis

Background:To explore the application effect of psychological nursing intervention in patients with traumatic endophthalmitis.Methods:A total of 90 patients with traumatic endophthalmitis admitted to our hospital from August 2018 to April 2019 were selected as study objects and randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 45 cases in each group.The control group received routine nursing care,and the observation group performed psychological nursing intervention on the basis of the control group.The scores of self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and self-rating depression scale(SDS)and nursing satisfaction degree were compared before and after nursing treatment in two groups.Results:The scores of SAS and SDS of the observation group were better than those of the control group.The score of the nursing satisfaction degree of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,showing statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusions:Psychological nursing intervention can improve the physical and mental condition of patients with traumatic endophthalmitis,reduce their negative emotions such as anxiety and depression,and improve the satisfaction of nursing.It is worthy of clinical promotion.