CLASSIFYING WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC TROPICAL CYCLONES BY PHYSICAL INDEX SYSTEM

The classification of tropical cyclones(TCs) is significant to obtaining their temporal and spatial variation characteristics in the context of dramatic-changing global climate. A new TCs clustering method by using K-means clustering algorithm with nine physical indexes is proposed in the paper. Each TC is quantified into an 11-dimensional vector concerning trajectory attributes, time attributes and power attributes. Two recurving clusters(cluster A and E)and three straight-moving clusters(cluster B, C and D) are categorized from the TC best-track dataset of the western North Pacific(WNP) over the period of 1949-2013, and TCs' properties have been analyzed and compared in different aspects. The calculation results of coefficient variation(CV) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE) reveal a high level of intra-cluster cohesiveness and inter-cluster divergence, which means that the physical index system could serve as a feasible method of TCs classification. The clusters are then analyzed in terms of trajectory, lifespan, seasonality, trend,intensity and Power Dissipation Index(PDI). The five classified clusters show distinct features in TCs' temporal and spatial development discipline. Moreover, each cluster has its individual motion pattern, variation trend, influence region and impact degree.

Analysis of Physical and Chemical Indices and Quality of Blueberry Wines from Gardenblue and Baldwin

Gardenblue and baldwin rabbiteye blueberry are the alien varieties. The physical and chemical indices of the fresh fruits of the two varieties were analyzed. The results showed that the sugar-acid ratio was higher in gardenblue than in baldwin, and the content of anthocyanins was also higher in gardenblue than in baldwin, so the quality of gardenblue was better. The gardenblue wine has better quality than the baldwin wine, and the two kinds of wines both have good quality. Therefore, gardenblue and baldwin both are suitable for the brewing red wine as the raw material.

CHINESE PHYSICS B AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 21

Abbas Ibrahim A （Ibrahim A Abbas） and Othman Mohamed I A （Mohamed I A Othman）, Generalized thermoelsticity of the thermal shock problem in an isotropic hollow cylinder and temperature dependent elastic moduli, 2012 21（1） 014601 Abbas Ibrahim A （Ibrahim A Abbas）, Kumar Rajneesh （Rajneesh Kumar） and Chawla Vijay （Vijay Chawla）, Response of thermal source in a transversely isotropic thermoelastic half-space with mass diffusion by using a finite element method, 2012 21（8） 084601

Biochar derived from papermill factories improves soil physical and hydraulic properties in no-till cotton fields

Whether biochar produced as a by-product of energy generation from the papermill industry,and often disposed in landfills,can be gainfully applied to commercial croplands has not been investigated.The objective of this study was to investigate the physical and hydraulic properties of soils in commercial cotton fields managed as no-till systems following repeated applications of biochar generated as a waste of a papermill plant.Undisturbed cores and disturbed soil samples were collected from 0-5 and 5-10 cm layers from five commercial no-till fields in Mississippi,USA that received 6.7 Mg ha^(−1) year^(−1) biochar for 0,2,3,5 or 10 years.A number of physical,hydraulic,and chemical properties of these samples were measured in the lab.The results showed that biochar reduced the degree of soil compactness and increased soil aggregation and structural stability index.The findings were particularly apparent for the 10 years of consecutive application,which increased soil aggregate stability by up to 67%,reduced bulk density from 1.40 to 1.26 g cm^(−3),and reduced degree of compactness from 73.2%to 62.8%.Biochar increased soil porosity but much of this increase(55%)occurred for small pores(<0.5μm)with little effect on storage pores(0.5-50μm)or transmission pores(>50μm).Consequently,biochar increased soil field capacity by up to 26%,but PAW increased by only 17%.Biochar significantly increased soil physical quality index score in the 0-5 cm layer from 0.16 to 0.26 and the increase was positively correlated with the number of years of application.The results suggest biochar generated as a byproduct of papermill could be land-applied in real-world crop production systems to improve soil health as an alternative to disposal in landfills.