Perovskite solar cells(PsCs)have developed tremendously over the past decade.However,the key factors influencing the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs remain incompletely understood,due to the complexity and cou...Perovskite solar cells(PsCs)have developed tremendously over the past decade.However,the key factors influencing the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs remain incompletely understood,due to the complexity and coupling of these structural and compositional parameters.In this research,we demon-strate an effective approach to optimize PSCs performance via machine learning(ML).To address chal-lenges posed by limited samples,we propose a feature mask(FM)method,which augments training samples through feature transformation rather than synthetic data.Using this approach,squeeze-and-excitation residual network(SEResNet)model achieves an accuracy with a root-mean-square-error(RMSE)of 0.833%and a Pearson's correlation coefficient(r)of 0.980.Furthermore,we employ the permu-tation importance(PI)algorithm to investigate key features for PCE.Subsequently,we predict PCE through high-throughput screenings,in which we study the relationship between PCE and chemical com-positions.After that,we conduct experiments to validate the consistency between predicted results by ML and experimental results.In this work,ML demonstrates the capability to predict device performance,extract key parameters from complex systems,and accelerate the transition from laboratory findings to commercialapplications.展开更多
Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs) exhibit significant potential for applications in healthcare and human-machine interfaces, due to their tunable synthesis, facile deposition, and excellent biocompatibility. ...Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs) exhibit significant potential for applications in healthcare and human-machine interfaces, due to their tunable synthesis, facile deposition, and excellent biocompatibility. Expanding OECTs to the fexible devices will significantly facilitate stable contact with the skin and enable more possible bioelectronic applications. In this work,we summarize the device physics of fexible OECTs, aiming to offer a foundational understanding and guidelines for material selection and device architecture. Particular attention is paid to the advanced manufacturing approaches, including photolithography and printing techniques, which establish a robust foundation for the commercialization and large-scale fabrication. And abundantly demonstrated examples ranging from biosensors, artificial synapses/neurons, to bioinspired nervous systems are summarized to highlight the considerable prospects of smart healthcare. In the end, the challenges and opportunities are proposed for fexible OECTs. The purpose of this review is not only to elaborate on the basic design principles of fexible OECTs, but also to act as a roadmap for further exploration of wearable OECTs in advanced bio-applications.展开更多
Recent advances in two-dimensional (2D) materials following the successful fabrication of graphene in 2004 by Novoselov and Geim is expected to grow into the new silicon, offering a lifeline for Moore’s law. With the...Recent advances in two-dimensional (2D) materials following the successful fabrication of graphene in 2004 by Novoselov and Geim is expected to grow into the new silicon, offering a lifeline for Moore’s law. With the rapid development of the synthesis methods, more and more 2D materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs, MX2), black phosphorus (BP) and InSe with a finite gap are reported to be more promising for achieving this dream since they often offer alternative solutions to compensate for the gapless graphene’s weaknesses.展开更多
BACKGROUND Physical exercise is an underutilized tool for the management of mental disorders.New technologies have made a breakthrough in health care,and one of its possible applications(apps)could be that of customiz...BACKGROUND Physical exercise is an underutilized tool for the management of mental disorders.New technologies have made a breakthrough in health care,and one of its possible applications(apps)could be that of customizing exercise programs for special populations,such as patients with mental disorders.However,the app of the so-called e-health to mental health care is still limited.AIM To know the efficacy of apps to promote physical activity in patients with mental disorders.METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the PubMed and Embase databases with the aim of exploring the use of new technologies for the enhancement of physical exercise in patients with a psychiatric illness.Following the selection process,10 articles were included in the review.RESULTS The most commonly used devices in this type of intervention are wearable devices and web platforms.Good results in terms of effectiveness and acceptability were obtained in most of the studies.CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the use of new technologies in mental health represents a feasible strategy with great potential in clinical practice.展开更多
Device physics research for submicron and deep submicron space microelectronics devices and integrated circuits will be described in three topics.1.Thin film submicron and deep submicron SOS / CMOS devices and integra...Device physics research for submicron and deep submicron space microelectronics devices and integrated circuits will be described in three topics.1.Thin film submicron and deep submicron SOS / CMOS devices and integrated circuits.2.Deep submicron LDD CMOS devices and integrated circuits.3.C band and Ku band microwave GaAs MESFET and III-V compound hetrojunction HEM T and HBT devices and integrated circuits.展开更多
Metal-tip/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/Pt devices possess two types of I-V hysteresis: clockwise vs counter clockwise depending on the tip materials. The criteria for categorization of these two types of devices can be simply base...Metal-tip/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/Pt devices possess two types of I-V hysteresis: clockwise vs counter clockwise depending on the tip materials. The criteria for categorization of these two types of devices can be simply based on whether the Gibbs free energy of oxidation for the metal tip is lower or higher than that of PCMO, respectively. While the clockwise hysteresis can be attributed to electric field induced oxidation/reduction, the counter clockwise hysteresis can be explained by oxygen vacancy migration in an electrical field. Alternating-current conductance spectra also reveal distinct hopping barriers between these two categories of devices at high resistive states.展开更多
The physical model of a ten-strand billet caster tundish was established to study the effects of various flow control devices on the melt flow. Before and after the optimization of the melt flow, the inclusion removal...The physical model of a ten-strand billet caster tundish was established to study the effects of various flow control devices on the melt flow. Before and after the optimization of the melt flow, the inclusion removal in the tundish was evaluated by plant trials. The physical modeling results show that when combined with a baffle, the turbulence inhibitor, instead of the impact pad, can significantly improve the melt flow. A turbulence inhibitor with a longer length of inner cavity and without an extending lip at the top of the sidewall seems to be efficient in the improvement of the melt flow. Various types and designs of baffles all influence the flow characteristics significantly. The "V" type baffles are better than the straight baffles for flow control. The "V" type baffle with four inclined holes at the sidewall away from the stopper rods is better in melt flow control than the one with one inclined hole at each sidewall. The combination of a well-designed turbulence inhibitor and an appropriate baffle shows high efficiency on improving the melt flow and an optimal proposal was presented. Plant trials indicate that, compared with the original tundish configuration in prototype, the inclusions reduce by 42% and the inclusion distribution of individual strands is more similar with the optimal one. The optimal tundish configuration effectively improves the melt flow in the ten-strand billet caster tundish.展开更多
背景:随着对干细胞技术研究的深入,如何使其准确归巢成为临床应用中的一大难题。除药物和趋化因子等信号的诱导外,电场也被广泛应用于指导干细胞的定向迁移,并可增强其迁移速度和定向性。目的:旨在分析总结电场对干细胞迁移特性的影响,...背景:随着对干细胞技术研究的深入,如何使其准确归巢成为临床应用中的一大难题。除药物和趋化因子等信号的诱导外,电场也被广泛应用于指导干细胞的定向迁移,并可增强其迁移速度和定向性。目的:旨在分析总结电场对干细胞迁移特性的影响,同时综述可能的作用机制。方法:通过检索Pub Med和中国知网数据库,收集截至2024年3月的相关文献,英文检索词:“stem cells,direct current electric field,pulsed electric field,migration,electric field device,mechanism”;中文检索词:“干细胞,直流电场,脉冲电场,迁移,电场装置,机制”。排除不能获取全文和与主题无关的文献。结果与结论:根据筛选要求共纳入58篇文献,包括中文文献15篇及英文文献43篇。文献以脂肪间充质干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、神经干细胞、表皮干细胞、人胚胎干细胞和人诱导性多功能干细胞为研究对象,在迁移装置中研究电场的不同参数对上述干细胞迁移的影响及其机制。(1)电场作为一种简单、无创且稳定的干预方式在指导干细胞定向迁移的过程中起着积极作用;(2)不同类型的干细胞发生趋电性迁移的方向不同,同时大部分干细胞的迁移速度和定向性是随着电场强度增加而增加的;(3)不同的电场装置在观测干细胞迁移时的侧重点不同,可根据实验目的而择优选择相关装置;(4)不同干细胞趋电性迁移的机制不完全相同,多数干细胞迁移过程中有MAPK通路、ROCK活化以及PI3K功能的参与,同时还有其他蛋白质复合物与信号通路参与调控该过程;(5)除电场参数不同之外,细胞本身的衰老情况和培养环境也会对趋电性迁移的结果产生影响。总而言之,电场作为一种影响干细胞迁移特性的重要信号,与其他新兴材料结合在组织工程应用中展现出了一定的潜力,有望在指导干细胞归巢方面发挥更加重要的作用,促进骨组织再生和修复以及神经系统、自身免疫系统以及肿瘤等疾病的研究取得更大的突破。展开更多
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)exhibit promising application prospects in the domains of electronic devices,optoelectronic devices and spintronic devices due to their distinctive energy band str...Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)exhibit promising application prospects in the domains of electronic devices,optoelectronic devices and spintronic devices due to their distinctive energy band structures and spin−orbit coupling properties.Cr-based chalcogenides with narrow or even zero bandgap,covering from semiconductors to metallic materials,have considerable potential for wide-band photodetection and two-dimensional magnetism.Currently,the preparation of 2D CrX_(n)(X=S,Se,Te)nanosheets primarily relies on chemical vapor deposition(CVD)and molecule beam epitaxy(MBE),which enable the production of high-quality large-area materials.This review article focuses on recent progress of 2D Cr-based chalcogenides,including unique crystal structure of the CrX_(n)system,phase-controlled synthesis,and heterojunction construction.Furthermore,a detailed introduction of room-temperature ferromagnetism and electrical/optoelectronic properties of 2D CrXn is presented.Ultimately,this paper summarizes the challenges associated with utilizing 2D Cr-based chalcogenides in preparation strategies,optoelectronics devices,and spintronic devices while providing further insights.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2022YFF0609504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61974126,51902273,62005230,62001405)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No.2021J06009)
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PsCs)have developed tremendously over the past decade.However,the key factors influencing the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs remain incompletely understood,due to the complexity and coupling of these structural and compositional parameters.In this research,we demon-strate an effective approach to optimize PSCs performance via machine learning(ML).To address chal-lenges posed by limited samples,we propose a feature mask(FM)method,which augments training samples through feature transformation rather than synthetic data.Using this approach,squeeze-and-excitation residual network(SEResNet)model achieves an accuracy with a root-mean-square-error(RMSE)of 0.833%and a Pearson's correlation coefficient(r)of 0.980.Furthermore,we employ the permu-tation importance(PI)algorithm to investigate key features for PCE.Subsequently,we predict PCE through high-throughput screenings,in which we study the relationship between PCE and chemical com-positions.After that,we conduct experiments to validate the consistency between predicted results by ML and experimental results.In this work,ML demonstrates the capability to predict device performance,extract key parameters from complex systems,and accelerate the transition from laboratory findings to commercialapplications.
基金sponsored by the Regional Joint Fund of the National Science Foundation of China via Grant No. U21A20492the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) via Grant No. 62275041+2 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program via Grant Nos. 2022YFH0081, 2022YFG0012 and 2022YFG0013the Sichuan Youth Software Innovation Project Funding via Grant No. MZGC20230068the Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Display Science and Technology。
文摘Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs) exhibit significant potential for applications in healthcare and human-machine interfaces, due to their tunable synthesis, facile deposition, and excellent biocompatibility. Expanding OECTs to the fexible devices will significantly facilitate stable contact with the skin and enable more possible bioelectronic applications. In this work,we summarize the device physics of fexible OECTs, aiming to offer a foundational understanding and guidelines for material selection and device architecture. Particular attention is paid to the advanced manufacturing approaches, including photolithography and printing techniques, which establish a robust foundation for the commercialization and large-scale fabrication. And abundantly demonstrated examples ranging from biosensors, artificial synapses/neurons, to bioinspired nervous systems are summarized to highlight the considerable prospects of smart healthcare. In the end, the challenges and opportunities are proposed for fexible OECTs. The purpose of this review is not only to elaborate on the basic design principles of fexible OECTs, but also to act as a roadmap for further exploration of wearable OECTs in advanced bio-applications.
文摘Recent advances in two-dimensional (2D) materials following the successful fabrication of graphene in 2004 by Novoselov and Geim is expected to grow into the new silicon, offering a lifeline for Moore’s law. With the rapid development of the synthesis methods, more and more 2D materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs, MX2), black phosphorus (BP) and InSe with a finite gap are reported to be more promising for achieving this dream since they often offer alternative solutions to compensate for the gapless graphene’s weaknesses.
文摘BACKGROUND Physical exercise is an underutilized tool for the management of mental disorders.New technologies have made a breakthrough in health care,and one of its possible applications(apps)could be that of customizing exercise programs for special populations,such as patients with mental disorders.However,the app of the so-called e-health to mental health care is still limited.AIM To know the efficacy of apps to promote physical activity in patients with mental disorders.METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the PubMed and Embase databases with the aim of exploring the use of new technologies for the enhancement of physical exercise in patients with a psychiatric illness.Following the selection process,10 articles were included in the review.RESULTS The most commonly used devices in this type of intervention are wearable devices and web platforms.Good results in terms of effectiveness and acceptability were obtained in most of the studies.CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the use of new technologies in mental health represents a feasible strategy with great potential in clinical practice.
文摘Device physics research for submicron and deep submicron space microelectronics devices and integrated circuits will be described in three topics.1.Thin film submicron and deep submicron SOS / CMOS devices and integrated circuits.2.Deep submicron LDD CMOS devices and integrated circuits.3.C band and Ku band microwave GaAs MESFET and III-V compound hetrojunction HEM T and HBT devices and integrated circuits.
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No KJCX2-SW-W26, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 90406017 and 10427402.
文摘Metal-tip/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/Pt devices possess two types of I-V hysteresis: clockwise vs counter clockwise depending on the tip materials. The criteria for categorization of these two types of devices can be simply based on whether the Gibbs free energy of oxidation for the metal tip is lower or higher than that of PCMO, respectively. While the clockwise hysteresis can be attributed to electric field induced oxidation/reduction, the counter clockwise hysteresis can be explained by oxygen vacancy migration in an electrical field. Alternating-current conductance spectra also reveal distinct hopping barriers between these two categories of devices at high resistive states.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51474059,No.51204042)the Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in University(No.LJQ2014031)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N140205003)
文摘The physical model of a ten-strand billet caster tundish was established to study the effects of various flow control devices on the melt flow. Before and after the optimization of the melt flow, the inclusion removal in the tundish was evaluated by plant trials. The physical modeling results show that when combined with a baffle, the turbulence inhibitor, instead of the impact pad, can significantly improve the melt flow. A turbulence inhibitor with a longer length of inner cavity and without an extending lip at the top of the sidewall seems to be efficient in the improvement of the melt flow. Various types and designs of baffles all influence the flow characteristics significantly. The "V" type baffles are better than the straight baffles for flow control. The "V" type baffle with four inclined holes at the sidewall away from the stopper rods is better in melt flow control than the one with one inclined hole at each sidewall. The combination of a well-designed turbulence inhibitor and an appropriate baffle shows high efficiency on improving the melt flow and an optimal proposal was presented. Plant trials indicate that, compared with the original tundish configuration in prototype, the inclusions reduce by 42% and the inclusion distribution of individual strands is more similar with the optimal one. The optimal tundish configuration effectively improves the melt flow in the ten-strand billet caster tundish.
文摘背景:随着对干细胞技术研究的深入,如何使其准确归巢成为临床应用中的一大难题。除药物和趋化因子等信号的诱导外,电场也被广泛应用于指导干细胞的定向迁移,并可增强其迁移速度和定向性。目的:旨在分析总结电场对干细胞迁移特性的影响,同时综述可能的作用机制。方法:通过检索Pub Med和中国知网数据库,收集截至2024年3月的相关文献,英文检索词:“stem cells,direct current electric field,pulsed electric field,migration,electric field device,mechanism”;中文检索词:“干细胞,直流电场,脉冲电场,迁移,电场装置,机制”。排除不能获取全文和与主题无关的文献。结果与结论:根据筛选要求共纳入58篇文献,包括中文文献15篇及英文文献43篇。文献以脂肪间充质干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、神经干细胞、表皮干细胞、人胚胎干细胞和人诱导性多功能干细胞为研究对象,在迁移装置中研究电场的不同参数对上述干细胞迁移的影响及其机制。(1)电场作为一种简单、无创且稳定的干预方式在指导干细胞定向迁移的过程中起着积极作用;(2)不同类型的干细胞发生趋电性迁移的方向不同,同时大部分干细胞的迁移速度和定向性是随着电场强度增加而增加的;(3)不同的电场装置在观测干细胞迁移时的侧重点不同,可根据实验目的而择优选择相关装置;(4)不同干细胞趋电性迁移的机制不完全相同,多数干细胞迁移过程中有MAPK通路、ROCK活化以及PI3K功能的参与,同时还有其他蛋白质复合物与信号通路参与调控该过程;(5)除电场参数不同之外,细胞本身的衰老情况和培养环境也会对趋电性迁移的结果产生影响。总而言之,电场作为一种影响干细胞迁移特性的重要信号,与其他新兴材料结合在组织工程应用中展现出了一定的潜力,有望在指导干细胞归巢方面发挥更加重要的作用,促进骨组织再生和修复以及神经系统、自身免疫系统以及肿瘤等疾病的研究取得更大的突破。
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(“HuXiang Young Talents”,Grant No.2021RC3021),the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2021JJ40780)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51902346)supported by the Open Project Program of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices and Integrated Systems(Grant No.2023SZKF14).
文摘Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)exhibit promising application prospects in the domains of electronic devices,optoelectronic devices and spintronic devices due to their distinctive energy band structures and spin−orbit coupling properties.Cr-based chalcogenides with narrow or even zero bandgap,covering from semiconductors to metallic materials,have considerable potential for wide-band photodetection and two-dimensional magnetism.Currently,the preparation of 2D CrX_(n)(X=S,Se,Te)nanosheets primarily relies on chemical vapor deposition(CVD)and molecule beam epitaxy(MBE),which enable the production of high-quality large-area materials.This review article focuses on recent progress of 2D Cr-based chalcogenides,including unique crystal structure of the CrX_(n)system,phase-controlled synthesis,and heterojunction construction.Furthermore,a detailed introduction of room-temperature ferromagnetism and electrical/optoelectronic properties of 2D CrXn is presented.Ultimately,this paper summarizes the challenges associated with utilizing 2D Cr-based chalcogenides in preparation strategies,optoelectronics devices,and spintronic devices while providing further insights.