Brain-targeted drug delivery assisted by physical techniques and its potential applications in traditional Chinese medicine

The blood-brain barrier(BBB)constitutes a major obstacle to effective delivery of drugs to the brain.Recent technological advances have led to improvements in brain-targeted drug delivery.In this review,we summarize existing technologies for efficient drug delivery across the BBB.We discuss the mechanisms of current BBB-based drug delivery strategies and introduce prospects for application in braint-argeted delivery of traditional Chinese medicine.We highlight the use of physical techniques for brain-targeted drug delivery,including electroporation,ultrasound,magnetophoresis,microneedles,microwaves,and laser.The characteristics of these techniques and relevant studies employing these approaches are discussed.In general,microneedles,lasers,ultrasound,electroporation,magnetophoresis,and microwaves are effective for drug delivery across the BBB.Notably,the synergistic effects of multiple approaches are superior to the additive effects of each technique in isolation.Our review provides guidance for the practical application of brain-targeted drug delivery techniques in an efficient and safe manner.

PHYSICAL DISSIPATIVE TECHNIQUE AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE MM4

Under the traditional framework of fluid dynamics,the problem of the numerical weather prediction is often expressed as the deterministic initial value problem of the classical Newtonian mechanics.The atmosphere is.however,a many-body system,the methodology by which the system with two bodies could be precisely solved would cause bigger errors and problems when handling the many-body system by it.A kind of technique to incorporate “the irreversible thermodynamic operators” into the numerical weather prediction models is.therefore,suggesting in this paper,to control the evolutionary direction of the many-body system according to the constraining way of the second law of thermodynamics,and thus the forecasting accuracy of the numerical weather prediction has been noticeably improved.For example,in the MM4 the averaged relative root mean square error of the fields of the temperature,humidity,height and whole wind velocity has decreased by about 13%,among which the averaged error of the 48 h forecasts has decreased by more than 20%.Since the technique to introduce the irreversable thermodynamic operator suggested in this paper is based on the physical law that describes the dissipativity and does not come from the computational consideration only.it is thus named as the physical dissipative technique.In view of the universality of the principle incorporating the irreversible thermodynamics operators suggested in this paper for the fluid dynamics and atmospheric numerical models,the applications and generalization of this incorporating technique would produce a great impact on the field of geophysical fluid dynamics.

Determination of microcapsule physicochemical, structural, and mechanical properties

Research into the fundamental properties of microcapsules and use of the results to develop a wide variety of products in industries such as printing, fast-moving consumer goods, construction, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals is a dynamic and ever-progressing field of study. For microcapsules to be effective in providing protection from harsh environments or delivering large payloads, it is essential to have a good understanding of their properties to enable quality control during formulation, storage, and applications. This review aims to outline the commonly used techniques for determining the physicochemical, struc- tural, and mechanical properties of microcapsules, and highlights the interlinked nature of these three areas with respect to the end-use industrial application. This review provides information on techniques that are well supported in the literature, and also examines microcapsule analytical techniques that will become more prevalent as a result of new technological developments or extensions from other areas of study.