Numerical investigation on permeability evolution behavior of rock by an improved flow-coupling algorithm in particle flow code

Permeability is a vital property of rock mass, which is highly affected by tectonic stress and human engineering activities. A comprehensive monitoring of pore pressure and flow rate distributions inside the rock mass is very important to elucidate the permeability evolution mechanisms, which is difficult to realize in laboratory, but easy to be achieved in numerical simulations. Therefore, the particle flow code （PFC）, a discrete element method, is used to simulate permeability behaviors of rock materials in this study. Owe to the limitation of the existed solid-fluid coupling algorithm in PFC, an improved flow-coupling algorithm is presented to better reflect the preferential flow in rock fractures. The comparative analysis is conducted between original and improved algorithm when simulating rock permeability evolution during triaxial compression, showing that the improved algorithm can better describe the experimental phenomenon. Furthermore, the evolution of pore pressure and flow rate distribution during the flow process are analyzed by using the improved algorithm. It is concluded that during the steady flow process in the fractured specimen, the pore pressure and flow rate both prefer transmitting through the fractures rather than rock matrix. Based on the results, fractures are divided into the following three types： I） fractures link to both the inlet and outlet, II） fractures only link to the inlet, and III） fractures only link to the outlet. The type I fracture is always the preferential propagating path for both the pore pressure and flow rate. For type II fractures, the pore pressure increases and then becomes steady. However, the flow rate increases first and begins to decrease after the flow reaches the stop end of the fracture and finally vanishes. There is no obvious pore pressure or flow rate concentration within type III fractures.

Rate-compatible spatially coupled repeat-accumulate codes via successive extension

A rate-compatible spatially coupled repeat-accumulate (RC-SC-RA) code is proposed. Its protograph is obtained by extending a given (J, K, L) SC-RA coupled chain (denoted as the mother chain) with extra check nodes and parity bit nodes T times. At each time, the extension is realized via coupling the message bits in the same way as that in the mother chain. Rate-compatibility is achieved by adjusting the extension parameters and applying random puncturing technique. Density evolution analysis shows that the iterative decoding thresholds of all the member codes in the proposed RC-SC-RA code family are very close to Shannon limits over the binary erasure channel. Finite length simulation results are consistent with the thresholds well. Moreover, the proposed RC-SC-RA codes perform better than spatially coupled low density parity check (SC-LDPC) codes in decoding performance especially in lower-rate region.

Spatially Coupled Codes via Bidirectional Block Markov Superposition Transmission

In this paper,we present a new class of spatially coupled codes obtained by using both non-recursive and recursive block-oriented superposition.The resulting codes are termed as bidirectional block Markov superposition transmission(BiBMST)codes.Firstly,we perform an iterative decoding threshold analysis according to protograph-based extrinsic information transfer(PEXIT)charts for the BiBMST codes over the binary erasure channels(BECs).Secondly,we derive the generator and parity-check matrices of the BiBMST codes.Thirdly,extensive numerical results are presented to show the advantages of the proposed BiBMST codes.Particularly,our numerical results show that,under the constraint of an equal decoding latency,the BiBMST codes perform better than the recursive BMST(rBMST)codes.However,the simulation results show that,in finite-length regime,negligible performance gain is obtained by increasing the encoding memory.We solve this limitation by introducing partial superposition,and the resulting codes are termed as partially-connected BiBMST(PC-BiBMST)code.Analytical results have confirmed the advantages of the PC-BiBMST codes over the original BiBMST codes.We also present extensive simulation results to show the performance advantages of the PC-BiBMST codes over the spatially coupled low-density parity-check(SC-LDPC)codes,spatially coupled generalized LDPC(SC-GLDPC)codes,and the original BiBMST codes in the finite-length regime.

Verification of a self-developed CFD-based multi-physics coupled code MPC-LBE for LBE-cooled reactor

To perform an integral simulation of a pool-type reactor using CFD code,a multi-physics coupled code MPC-LBE for an LBE-cooled reactor was proposed by integrating a point kinetics model and a fuel pin heat transfer model into self-developed CFD code.For code verification,a code-to-code comparison was employed to validate the CFD code.Furthermore,a typical BT transient benchmark on the LBE-cooled XADS reactor was selected for verification in terms of the integral or system performance.Based on the verification results,it was demonstrated that the MPC-LBE coupled code can perform thermal-hydraulics or safety analyses for analysis for processes involved in LBE-cooled pool-type reactors.

Performance of Block Diagonalization Broadcasting Scheme for Multiuser MIMO System Operating in Presence of Spatial Correlation and Mutual Coupling

In this paper, the capacity of a multiuser Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system employing the block diagonalization broadcasting scheme in presence of spatial correlation and mutual coupling is investigated. It is shown by computer simulations that, in general, the presence of spatial correlation decreases the capacity of a multiuser MIMO system. However, for some particular antenna element spacing mutual coupling decreases the spatial correlation rendering an increased capacity. The optimized diagonalization broadcasting technique with a two-stage power allocation scheme is proposed and verified. The presented simulations results confirm the advantage of the proposed broadcasting scheme.

Dual-Polarized RIS-Based STBC Transmission with Polarization Coupling Analysis

The rapid development of the reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)technology has given rise to a new paradigm of wireless trans-mitters.At present,most research works on RIS-based transmitters focus on single-polarized RISs.In this paper,we propose a dual-polarized RIS-based transmitter,which realizes 4-transmit space-time block coding(STBC)transmission by properly partitioning RIS’s unit cells and utilizing the degree of freedom of polarization.The proposed scheme is evaluated through a prototype system that utilizes a fabricated dual-polarized phase-adjustable RIS.In particular,the polarization coupling phenomenon in each unit cell of the employed dual-polarized RIS is modeled and analyzed.The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical modeling and analysis results,and an initial re-search effort is made on characterizing the polarization coupling property in the dual-polarized RIS.

Coupling of 3D Eulerian and Lagrangian Spray Approaches in Industrial Combustion Engine Simulations

The Lagrangian DDM （discrete droplet model） is state-of-the-art for CFD （computational fluid dynamics） simulations of mixture formation and combustion in industrial engines. A commonly known drawback of the DDM approach is the attenuated validity in the dense spray, where the bulk liquid disintegrates into droplets. There the assumption of single droplets surrounded by a homogenous gas field is not reasonable. In this region, the Eulerian-Eulerian multi-phase approach performs better because instead of parcels the spray is represented by the volume fractions of one bulk liquid and several droplet size class phases. A further drawback of the DDM approach is that increasing the spatial resolution of the computational grid leads to a reduced statistical convergence, since the number of spray parcels per computational cell becomes smaller. It is desirable to combine the benefits of both spray approaches in coupled CFD simulations. Therefore, the dense spray region is simulated separately with the Eulerian spray approach on a highly resolved mesh covering only the region close to the nozzle orifice. The entire engine domain with combustion and emission models is simulated with the Eulerian-Lagrangian spray approach for the dilute spray region. The two simulations are coupled through exchange of boundary conditions and model source terms. An on-line coupling interface manages the data transfer between the two simulation clients, i.e., Eulerian spray and engine client. The aim of this work is to extend the coupled spray approach in terms of exchanging combustion related heat and species sources, and consequently creating the link between Eulerian spray and combustion models. The results show mixture formation and combustion in real-case engine simulations, and demonstrate the feasibility of spray model combination in engineering applications.

Study on cipher propertys of constant weight codes

Constant weight code is an important error-correcting control code in communications. Basic structure of constant weight codes for some arriving at Johnson bound, A（n, 2u, w）, is presented. Some correlative propertys of the codes, the solution of arriving at Johnson bound, and the results on the couple constant code and some constant weight codes are discussed. The conclusion is verified through four examples.

Transient Flow Simulation for VVER-1000 Using MCNP6/ANSYS Codes

Investigating the time-dependent behavior of nuclear reactors during loss of flow accidents is necessary for safety assessment.Coupled neutronic/thermal-hydraulic codes are used to simulate a full three-dimensional model and predict the essential safety parameters.MCNP6/ANSYS-FLUENT17.2 coupled scheme is used in the present study to simulate a three-dimensional model for VVER-1000 assembly and analyze its behavior during a LOFA(loss of flow accident).Three LOFA scenarios are proposed to represent the failure of one,two or three of the coolant pumps.The influence of the accident on the reactivity and axial power distribution of the assembly is determined considering thermal-hydraulic feedbacks.Then the data obtained are provided to the thermal-hydraulic code to calculate the actual temperature values.The results of the study showed that the developed coupling scheme granted an actual and precise description of the axial behavior of the assembly during LOFA.The output data obtained from both neutronic and thermal-hydraulic calculations have a strong feedback effect;this demonstrated the effect of data exchange between codes to predict accurate values for the main safety parameters.Moreover,it revealed the importance of studying the detailed axial distribution of the safety parameters for the reactor assessment during accidents rather than taking average values in calculations.

Low-Density Parity-Check Codes: Research Status and Development Direction

In this paper, we conclude five kinds of methods for construction of the regular low-density parity matrix H and three kinds of methods for the construction of irregular low-density parity-check matrix H. Through the analysis of the code rate and parameters of these eight kinds of structures, we find that the construction of low-density parity-check matrix tends to be more flexible and the parameter variability is enhanced. We propose that the current development cost should be lower with the progress of electronic technology and we need research on more practical Low-Density Parity-Check Codes (LDPC). Combined with the application of the quantum distribution key, we urgently need to explore the research direction of relevant theories and technologies of LDPC codes in other fields of quantum information in the future.

空间耦合低密度奇偶校验码残差滑窗译码算法

针对空间耦合低密度奇偶校验(SC-LDPC)码滑窗译码(SWD)算法中错误传播导致的高误码率问题,该文提出基于动态残差的滑窗译码(RSWD)算法。通过在窗口内计算边信息更新前后的残差值,动态选择可靠度最低(残差值最大)的边信息优先更新,降低边信息无效更新的频率,提高窗内译码收敛速度。仿真结果表明:相比于传统SWD算法,RSWD算法在窗口中各位置的误比特数明显降低,抑制错误传播效果明显;在高信噪比(SNR)区域或者低迭代次数的情况下,RSWD算法的误码率性能优于SWD算法;此外,将动态残差应用到消息复用(MR)和窗口扩展(WE)两种窗译码算法中,亦能得到类似结论,提升窗译码性能。

基于多尺度半耦合卷积稀疏编码的遥感地貌影像纹理识别方法

遥感地貌影像通常包含大量的数据,具有高度的复杂性和多样性,难以捕捉到不同层次的纹理信息,从而影响识别效果;因此,为提高纹理特征提取的效果,确保识别精度,采用多尺度半耦合卷积稀疏编码对遥感地貌影像纹理识别进行了研究;去除遥感地貌影像噪声,增强遥感地貌影像整体质量,通过分水岭算法分割遥感地貌影像,探究不同尺度下遥感地貌影像纹理特征区别,以有效捕捉到不同层次的纹理信息,提高遥感地貌影像纹理的识别性能;然后应用灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)获取遥感地貌影像的多尺度纹理特征,构建半耦合卷积稀疏编码模型,完成多尺度纹理特征提取过程的学习与多尺度纹理特征的有效融合,以能够在保持特征丰富性的同时,减少冗余信息,提高纹理识别的准确性;选取适当的分类器——朴素贝叶斯分类器,并对其进行训练;并以此为基础,制定遥感地貌影像纹理识别程序,执行制定程序即可获取地貌纹理识别结果;测试结果显示:应用提出方法获得的遥感地貌影像处理结果清晰度与对比度较高,地貌纹理特征提取结果更加完整与清晰,地貌纹理识别结果与实际结果一致,充分证实了提出方法应用效果更好。

面向流式通信的耦合LDPC码研究综述

流式通信是光纤通信网络和移动通信网络中重要的通信场景,区别于传统的间歇式或分块通信场景,流式通信中传输的数据具有典型的连续流式特性.面向流式通信场景,耦合码因其相对于传统分组码具有显著的性能提升,加之其天然的低编译码时延结构,成为流式通信场景中重要的信道编码候选技术.本文先回顾现有的耦合低密度校验(Low-Density Parity-Check,LDPC)码技术,包括:乘积类耦合LDPC码、部分重编码类耦合LDPC码、空间耦合LDPC码和全局耦合LDPC码.在此基础上,本文进一步介绍了基于便车码技术的耦合LDPC码改进提升设计,并介绍了基于分组马尔可夫叠加传输技术的一类新型耦合LDPC码.最后,本文对耦合LDPC码的发展前景和研究方向进行展望.

半双工译码转发中继信道下的空间耦合RA码设计

针对半双工译码转发中继信道,提出了一种可逼近三节点中继信道容量限的空间耦合RA码的设计方法。针对二进制删除信道,源节点分别向中继节点和目的节点发送空间耦合RA码,中继节点先正确恢复出源节点发送的空间耦合RA,然后再次编码产生额外的校验比特并转发给目的节点;目的节点结合中继节点发送的额外校验比特和源节点发送的空间耦合RA码进行译码,正确恢复出源节点的信息。为了评估所设计的空间耦合RA码在三节点中继信道下的渐近性能,推导了密度进化算法用于计算阈值。阈值分析结果表明,所提出的空间耦合RA码能够同时逼近源到中继链路和源到目的链路的容量限。同时,基于半双工二进制删除中继信道,仿真了所设计的空间耦合RA码的误码性能,结果表明,其误码性能与所推导的密度进化算法计算的阈值结果一致,呈现出逼近于容量限的优异性能,且优于采用空间耦合低密度奇偶校验(Low Density Parity Check,LDPC)码的性能。

基于Web组态低代码智能联轴器监测系统

泰尔重工现有的联轴器监测系统存在诸多问题,如内容单一、格式僵化、开发成本高等,无法满足用户对监控的定制化需求。基于Web数字组态低代码开发技术,在调研了联轴器设备现有和潜在需求的基础上,对联轴器相关的设备业务逻辑进行统一抽象和封装。从而开发了联轴器相关设备可复用的组件和低代码组件工具箱,并以此为基础为用户开发了可视化IDE,包括拖拽组件和简单Web页面表单配置参数的自定义操作平台,使智能联轴器监测系统的可视化,个性化的定制更加简便。实际使用表明,该平台可为联轴器监控系统提供快速开发平台,满足用户日常提出的自定义扩展开发需求。系统为未来升级提供了灵活性和可扩展性。

空间耦合量子LDPC码的双窗口滑动译码

量子纠错码是应对量子计算过程中不可避免的噪声干扰的关键途径。和其经典情形一样,空间耦合量子LDPC码理论上也可在纠错性能和译码时延间取得良好的均衡。考虑到目前采用常规置信传播算法(BPA)的空间耦合量子LDPC(SC-QLDPC)码在译码过程中仍存在复杂度高和译码时延长的问题,受经典滑窗译码算法的启发,并结合和利用SC-QLDPC码所对应的两个奇偶校验矩阵在主对角线和副对角线上具有非零对角带的结构特点,提出了针对量子SC-QLDPC码的滑窗译码算法(称为量子双窗口滑动译码算法)。在该策略中,通过窗口在两个经典校验矩阵主副对角线上的同时滑动,保证了相应量子比特部分译码所需的相位与比特翻转错误图样信息的提取,从而使其在译码性能和时延之间取得良好均衡。对所提量子双窗口滑动译码算法进行仿真验证,结果表明其不仅能提供灵活的低时延译码输出,并且当窗口扩大时,其译码性能逼近标准的量子置信传播算法,显著提升了SC-QLDPC码的应用范围。

技术与规范结构耦合:数字时代环境法律系统的智慧建构

数字技术在推动山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理上发挥着重要作用,技术赋能环境治理逐渐成为数字化与绿色化协同转型的时代趋势。然而,数字技术在环境治理过程中的“高效率”特质,能从实然层面影响环境法律规范适用,并引发效率与公正之争。在系统论视野下,数字时代的环境治理以程序代码为载体,技术实质上承担了部分环境监管职能,即技术系统对环境法律系统产生了“激扰”,引发了系统功能分化。技术系统与环境法律系统都属于社会系统中“封闭运作”的功能子系统,并围绕“技术代码”形成了结构耦合关系,这成为环境法律系统优化的形成机理。因此,为契合数字时代环境治理需求,环境法律系统自创生分为两个阶段:一是规范及时回应技术内嵌式环境监管,实现代码规范化;二是技术与规范结构耦合,实现规范代码化,最终完成环境法律系统之智慧建构。

Microdamage study of granite under thermomechanical coupling based on the particle flow code

The thermomechanical coupling of rocks refers to the interaction between the mechanical and thermodynamic behaviors of rocks induced by temperature changes.The study of this coupling interaction is essential for understanding the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the surrounding rocks in underground engineering.In this study,an improved temperature-dependent linear parallel bond model is introduced under the framework of a particle flow simulation.A series of numerical thermomechanical coupling tests are then conducted to calibrate the micro-parameters of the proposed model by considering the mechanical behavior of the rock under different thermomechanical loadings.Good agreement between the numerical results and experimental data are obtained,particularly in terms of the compression,tension,and elastic responses of granite.With this improved model,the thermodynamic response and underlying cracking behavior of a deep-buried tunnel under different thermal loading conditions are investigated and discussed in detail.

西香高速泸沽湖特大型桥梁处碎石土力学特性研究

针对桥梁重力锚布设对碎石土堆积体稳定性的影响问题,以西香高速泸沽湖特大型桥梁为例,围绕该处碎石土的力学特征与变形参数,采用室内大型三轴试验与PFC(particle flow code)-FLAC(fast Lagrangian analysis of continua)耦合的数值仿真技术,建立柔性边界条件下的三轴试验模型,分析该碎石土的变形破坏特征以及力学机制变化规律。结果表明:在三轴试验中围压与初始弹性模量E i呈正相关性,随着碎石土试样中粗颗粒料含量增加,内聚力会减少而内摩擦角增加;拟合得到该处碎石土试样破坏强度σ_(cre)与围压σ_(3)的线性关系式:σ_(cre)=2.95σ_(3)+176.105;三轴试样在低围压下,上下锥形区域持续压密吸收能量,碎石土试样内部出现两条剪切带,整体呈“X”形,随着围压的增加,能量出现冗余并向剪切带外扩散,产生新的裂隙,掩盖了剪切带的区域化特征,导致剪切带逐渐减少并在围压达到400 kPa时消失。研究成果对碎石土堆积体稳定性问题具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。

检测JavaScript类的内聚耦合Code Smell

Code Smell是软件程序中存在不良设计和不良实现的征兆.正确地检测和识别Code Smell可以指导软件重构,提高软件的可用性和可靠性.通过Code Smell的度量指标,可以量化软件的设计问题.JavaScript已成为最常用的编程语言之一,类是JavaScript的设计模式,优秀类的设计体现为高内聚和低耦合.现有关于JavaScript内聚耦合的Code Smell研究均在微观的层面,即函数和语句上进行.它们可以提供程序实现的重构建议,但无法分析内聚耦合相关的软件系统设计问题.针对FE、DC和Blob这3种类的内聚耦合Code Smell,提出一种JavaScript类的内聚耦合Code Smell检测方法JS4C.该方法基于静态分析,同时适用于客户端和服务端程序.它通过遍历软件系统中所有的类,利用源程序的文本相似度特征和结构特征,识别Code Smell并检测其强度.在结构特征检测中,JS4C使用了经扩展的对象类型推断及非严格的耦合分散度度量法NSCDISP,有效地降低了解释型语言的静态分析过程中,类型信息缺失对检测产生的影响.实验通过对6个开源项目的分析表明,JS4C对内聚耦合设计问题有良好的检测效果.