Effects of Fermentation Bed Padding on Intestinal Flora,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Immune Function of Growing-finishing Pigs

[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of fermentation bed padding on intestinal flora,serum biochemical indexes and immune function of growing-finishing pigs.[Method]A total of 90 growing-finishing pigs(Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire)with the body weight of(30.5±0.8)kg were randomly divided into five groups,three replicates each group,six pigs each replicate.The padding of five groups were:50%rice husk+50%sawdust(control group),100%spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii(100%spent mushroom substrate group),15%rice husk+15%sawdust+70%spent mushroom substrate(70%spent mushroom substrate group),25%rice husk+25%sawdust+50%spent mushroom substrate(50%spent mushroom substrate group),35%rice husk+35%sawdust+30%spent mushroom substrate(30%spent mushroom substrate group).The pre-trial lasted 7 d,and the formal trial lasted 90 d.[Result]Compared with the control group,the number of Escherichia col in 100%,70%and 50%spent mushroom substrate groups decreased by 35.4%,24.0%and 20.8%,respectively(P<0.05);the number of salmonella successively decreased by 29.4%,19.3%and 15.2%,respectively(P<0.05);the number of lactobacillus successively increased by 21.7%,15.9%and 12.2%,respectively(P<0.05);and the number of bifidobacteria successively increased by 20.2%,16.7%and 11.8%,respectively(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the total serum protein content in 100%,70%,50%and 30%spent mushroom substrate groups increased by 30.6%,33.0%,28.0%and 18.4%,respectively(P<0.05);and the serum urea nitrogen content decreased by 32.4%,34.5%,33.9%and 22.0%,respectively(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in serum albumin,aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)between treatment groups and control group.The IgA,IgG,IgM and IL-6 levels in serum of each treatment group were significantly different from those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in IgA,IgG,IgM and IL-6 levels among 100%,70%and 50%spent mushroom substrate groups.[Conclusion]It improves the balance of intestinal microecological flora of growing-finishing pigs and enhances the immune performance of pigs by using spent mushroom substrate of P.eryngii as the fermentation bed padding.15%rice husk+15%sawdust+70%spent mushroom substrate is the optimal proportion of spent mushroom substrate for growing-finishing pigs.

Effect of thymalfasin on coagulation index, immune function, PCT and sTREM-1 levels in patients with community acquired pneumonia

Objective: To explore the effect of thymalfasin on coagulation index, immune function, PCT and sTREM-1 levels in patients with community acquired pneumonia. Methods: 160 patients with community acquired pneumonia admitted in our hospital from June 2016-June 2017 were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method, each 80 cases. The control group was given conventional treatment, while the observation group was given thymalfasin on the basis of conventional treatment. The levels of D-D, FBG, complement C3, C4, T lymphocyte subsets, PCT and sTREM-1 were detected before and after treatment. Results: Before treatment, there was no statistical difference between the serum levels of D-D, FBG, C3, C4, CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+, PCT and sTREM-1 in the two groups of patients, and P>0.05. After treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+and CD4+/CD8+ in the control group and the observation group were significantly increased, and the levels of D-D, FBG, CD8+, PCT and sTREM-1 were significantly decreased, and the level of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group after treatment, and the D-D, FBG, CD8+, PCT and sTREM-1 levels were significantly lower than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant, P<0.05. Conclusion: Thymalfasin has a certain clinical effect in the treatment of patients with community acquired pneumonia. It can significantly improve the blood coagulation function, enhance the immune ability and alleviate the inflammatory state.

Effect of tibolone as well as Estradiol and Drospirenone replacement therapy on the neurohumoral indexes and immune function in perimenopausal women

Objective: To explore the effect of tibolone as well as Estradiol and Drospirenone replacement therapy on the neurohumoral indexes and immune function in perimenopausal women. Methods: A total of 180 perimenopausal women who were treated in our hospital between December 2014 and December 2016 were collected and divided into the tibolone group (n=90) as well as Estradiol and Drospirenone group (n=90) by random number table, they received tibolone as well as Estradiol and Drospirenone replacement therapy respectively, and both therapies lasted for 6 months. The differences in serum levels of neurohumoral indexes and immune function indexes were compared between the two groups. Results:Before treatment, differences in serum levels of neurohumoral indexes and immune function indexes were not statistically significant between the two groups. After 6 months of treatment, serum E2, IL-4 and IL-13 levels of both groups of patients were significantly higher than those before treatment while P, T, FSH, LH, PRL, IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were significantly lower than those before treatment, and serum E2, IL-4 and IL-13 levels of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group while P, T, FSH, LH, PRL, IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were significantly lower than those of control group. Conclusion: Both tibolone and Estradiol and Drospirenone can be used in the treatment of women with perimenopausal syndrome, but tibolone is more effective in optimizing hormone levels and equalizing immune function.

Effects of adjuvant therapy with anluohuaxian capsule on serum inflammatory factors, hepatic fibrosis indexes and immune function in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis

Objective: To investigate the effect of adjuvant therapy with anluohuaxian capsule on the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis, and its influence on serum inflammatory factors, liver fibrosis indexes and immune function. Methods: A total of 112 cases of hepatitis B cirrhosis patients were divided into the control group (n=55) and observation group (n=57) according to the random data table, patients in the two groups were given routine treatment, on this basis, the control group received the treatment of Adefovir Dipivoxil Tablets, and the observation group was treated with Adefovir Dipivoxil Tablets combined with Anluo Huaxian pill treatment, two groups were treated for 48 weeks. The levels of serum inflammatory factors, liver fibrosis indexes and immune function indexes of the two groups were compared before and after treatment. Results: Before treatment, There was no significant difference between the two groups of TNF-α, IL-6, hs-CRP, IVC, HA, PIIIP, LN, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+and CD4+/CD8+ levels. After treatment, TNF-α, IL-6, hs-CRP, IVC, HA, PIIIP, LN, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+and CD4+/CD8+ levels in the observation group and control group were significantly lower than those before treatment in the same group, and levels in the observation group after treatment were significantly lower than the control group;Compared with the group before treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ of two groups after treatment were significantly increased, and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group. Conclusion: Adjuvant therapy with anluohuaxian capsule on the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis, can effectively reduce the inflammatory stress reaction, reduce the level of serum liver fibrosis index and improve the immune function, and has important clinical value.

Effect of Shuanghuanglian Propolis Oral Liquid on Immune Function of Broilers

The effects on immune function of broilers was studied by adding different doses of Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water, to provide a theoretical basis for application and promotion of Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid. Ninety one-day-old broilers were randomly divided into three groups ： group I was designed as control; groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were added with 0.5 and 1.0 mL/L Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water, respectively. Compared with group I, all tested indicators in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased at varying degrees as follows ： bursa of fabricius index increased by 5.74% （P 〈 0.05 ） and 7.66% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; thymus index increased by 1.47% （P 〉 0.05 ） and 2.06% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; spleen index increased by 5.88% （P 〉 0.05 ） and 7.84% （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; Newcastle disease virus （NDV） antibody titer increased by 11.99% （P 〈 0.05 ） and 16.94% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; IL-2 content increased by 2.71% （P 〉 0.05） and 4.52% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; IL -6 content increased by 4.04% （P 〉 0.05 ） and 7.26% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, respectively. The results showed that adding 0.5 and 1.0 mL/L Shuanghuangllan propolis oral liquid in drinking water could improve the immune function of broiler and immune effect of ND vaccine.

Effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch polysaccharide on growth performance and immunologic function in mice in Ural City,Xinjiang

Objective:To discuss the effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis(G.uralensis) Fisch polysaccharide on growth performance and immunologic function in mice in Ural City,Xinjiang and to provide important data supporting the application of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide.Methods:A total of100 Kunming mice aged 3 weeks old were randomly divided into 5 groups with 20 mice in each group(10 were females and 10 were males).About 0.5 mL normal saline was given to the mice of control group every day and 0.5 mL G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide was given to the mice of other groups at the concentration of 1,20,50 and 100 mg/mL respectively.The growth performance(average body weight,average daily feed intake and feed efficiency),immune organ indexes(spleen index and thymus index) and immunologic function(serum IL-2,CD4^+/CD8^+ and the activity of NK cells) of mice in each group were detected continuously.Results:The average body weight,feed efficiency,serum IL-2,CD4^+/CD8^+ and the activity of NK cells of mice were increased with the increase of administrated time after administrating G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide and were reached up the largest level on Day 28.At the same time,each index was proportional to the given dose and was significantly higher than those of control group and reached up the largest level at the administrated dose of 100 mg/mL.After administrating G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide,the spleen index and thymus index of mice were increased with the increase of administrated dose and the spleen index and thymus index of mice administrated with the dose of 100 mg/mL were maximum which was more than 1.51 times and 1.43 times of that in control group respectively and the comparative differences showed statistical significance(P<0.05).The average daily feed intake of mice in each group was increased with the passage of lime and at the same time,the comparison of average daily feed intake of mice in each group was not significantly different(P>0.05).Conclusions:G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide can significantly improve the growth performance and immunologic function of mice and laid a research basis for the clinical application of G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide.

A Self-Organizing RBF Neural Network Based on Distance Concentration Immune Algorithm

Radial basis function neural network(RBFNN) is an effective algorithm in nonlinear system identification. How to properly adjust the structure and parameters of RBFNN is quite challenging. To solve this problem, a distance concentration immune algorithm(DCIA) is proposed to self-organize the structure and parameters of the RBFNN in this paper. First, the distance concentration algorithm, which increases the diversity of antibodies, is used to find the global optimal solution. Secondly,the information processing strength(IPS) algorithm is used to avoid the instability that is caused by the hidden layer with neurons split or deleted randomly. However, to improve the forecasting accuracy and reduce the computation time, a sample with the most frequent occurrence of maximum error is proposed to regulate the parameters of the new neuron. In addition, the convergence proof of a self-organizing RBF neural network based on distance concentration immune algorithm(DCIA-SORBFNN) is applied to guarantee the feasibility of algorithm. Finally, several nonlinear functions are used to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed DCIASORBFNN has achieved better nonlinear approximation ability than that of the art relevant competitors.

糖尿病肾脏疾病患者肠道菌群与免疫功能的关系

目的探讨分析糖尿病肾脏疾病患者肠道菌群与免疫功能的关系。方法选取河南科技大学第一附属医院2021年6—12月收治的88例2型糖尿病患者,根据是否发生慢性肾病分为单纯糖尿病组(52例)和糖尿病肾脏疾病组(36例),并选取同期进行健康体检的40例志愿者作为对照组。入院清晨取其粪便样本进行肠道细菌检测,测定患者肠道菌群分布情况。并采集血清样本进行免疫功能指标检测,测定患者免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平。采用Pearson相关性分析糖尿病肾脏疾病患者肠道菌群与免疫功能的关系。结果3组乳酸菌数、酵母菌数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);糖尿病肾脏疾病组大肠杆菌数高于单纯糖尿病组和对照组,双歧杆菌数、真杆菌数低于单纯糖尿病组和对照组(P<0.05)。3组IgG、IgA、IgM、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),糖尿病肾脏疾病组IgG、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)高于单纯糖尿病组和对照组,而IgA、IgM低于单纯糖尿病组和对照组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,大肠杆菌数与IgG、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)呈正相关,与IgA、IgM呈负相关(P<0.05);双歧杆菌数和真杆菌数与IgA、IgM呈正相关,与IgG、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病肾脏疾病患者肠道菌群分布与免疫功能密切相关,肠道菌群分布紊乱,免疫功能下降,可能参与糖尿病肾脏疾病进展,可为疾病防治提供一定指导。

植物提取物对徐淮白山羊生长性能、血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响

试验旨在探究不同水平的植物提取物对徐淮白山羊生长性能、血清生化指标及机体免疫功能的影响,确定植物提取物在徐淮白山羊养殖生产中的适宜添加水平。试验选择48只健康的徐淮白山羊,按照单因素试验设计,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复4只羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂含有0.1%、0.2%和0.4%的植物提取物的饲粮。预试期1 w,正式试验期为8 w。试验结束后,测定各组徐淮白山羊的生长性能、生化指标及免疫指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,0.2%和0.4%植物提取物组的末重和平均日增重显著增加(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05),腹泻率分别显著降低了33.88%和41.82%(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,0.2%和0.4%植物提取物组徐淮白山羊血清尿素氮、胆固醇含量显著降低(P<0.05),白蛋白、总蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、生长激素含量显著升高(P<0.05);所有试验组徐淮白山羊血清谷草转氨酶活性均显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组比,0.2%植物提取物组徐淮白山羊血清白细胞介素-4含量显著增加(P<0.05),白细胞介素-22含量显著降低(P<0.05);所有试验组徐淮白山羊血清白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α含量显著降低(P<0.05);0.2%和0.4%植物提取物组徐淮白山羊血清白细胞介素-10、转化生长因子-β含量均显著升高(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲喂适量的植物提取物可改善徐淮白山羊生长性能、免疫功能及机体健康状态,且以0.2%的添加水平效果较好。

黄芩提取物对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官指数的影响

文章旨在研究黄芩提取物(Scutellaria Baicalensis Extract,SBE)对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官指数的影响。试验将400只1日龄黄羽肉鸡随机分为4组,参考《黄羽肉鸡营养需求量》(NY/T 3645-2020)饲喂基础日粮,每组4个重复,每个重复25只。各组自由采食和饮水。其中CON组提供清水,其余3组分别在饮水中添加100 mg/L(100 SBE组)、200 mg/L(200 SBE组)、300 mg/L(300 SBE组)的黄芩提取物。试验为期28 d。结果:(1)与CON组相比,200 SBE组、300 SBE组肉鸡末重显著提高7.82%、7.15%(P<0.05),平均日增重显著提高8.50%、7.76%(P<0.05),料重比显著降低8.08%、7.07%(P<0.05)。(2)与CON组相比,100 SBE组、200 SBE组、300 SBE组肉鸡血清T-AOC显著提高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),且SOD活性极显著提高(P<0.01)。(3)与CON组相比,100 SBE组、200 SBE组、300 SBE组肉鸡法氏囊指数显著提高(P<0.05),300 SBE组肉鸡脾脏指数显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:日常饮水中加入黄芩提取物能提高肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官指数。综合考虑经济效益和耐受性,黄芩提取物的适宜添加水平为200 mg/L。

温肺扶阳祛痰方治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的疗效

目的探讨温肺扶阳祛痰方治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期疗效。方法选取COPD稳定期患者120例,随机分为两组。对照组应用噻托溴铵吸入粉雾剂^(+)茶碱缓释片,研究组在此基础上应用温肺扶阳祛痰方,对两组的肺功能、免疫、炎症因子指标以及生活质量进行评估,确定其应用价值。结果和对照组比较,研究组治疗后用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)、6 min步行距离(6MWD)均增大(P<0.05),CAT评分降低(P<0.05)。研究组治疗后C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞计数(NEUT)水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组治疗后CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)T细胞比例、IgA、IgG水平优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论COPD稳定期患者在常规西药治疗基础上应用温肺扶阳祛痰方治疗效果更佳,可以有效降低机体中的炎症因子水平,提高患者肺功能和免疫功能,值得推广应用。

复合营养补充剂对犬猫采食性能、血液指标、免疫性能及抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在研究复合营养补充剂对犬猫免疫性能及抗氧化功能的影响。选取20只成年健康临清狮猫和20只成年健康中华田园犬,各随机分为对照组和试验组,每组10个重复。试验组将5 g复合营养补充剂与60 mL饮水混合补饲,对照组不进行补饲。正式试验期30 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组犬猫末重、平均日采食量无显著差异(P>0.05),试验组犬平均日饮水量显著降低(P<0.05),试验组犬猫平均水分总摄入量均显著提高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组猫血液平均血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞体积以及球蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05),试验组犬血液粒细胞数显著提高(P<0.05);试验组犬猫血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量均显著提高(P<0.05);试验组猫血清免疫球蛋白D(IgD)含量显著提高(P<0.05),试验组犬血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)以及免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著提高(P<0.05);试验组犬血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)。试验组猫粪便评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,复合营养补充剂能够促进犬猫饮水,提高犬猫机体的抗氧化能力和免疫力。

中草药添加剂对断奶湖羊生长性能、血清抗氧化指标及免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究不同剂量的中草药添加剂对湖羊生长性能、血清抗氧化指标及免疫功能的影响。选取48只2月龄健康状况良好、体重相近的断奶公羔湖羊,随机分成4组,每组设4个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.010、0.025、0.050 g/kg的中草药添加剂。预试期7 d,正式试验期90 d。结果表明,61~90 d,试验Ⅱ组湖羊平均日增重比对照组增加了22.22%(P<0.05),料重比降低了18.85%(P<0.01)。第30 d,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组总蛋白(TP)、干扰素-γ (IFN-γ)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。与试验Ⅲ组相比,试验Ⅱ组免疫球蛋白G (IgG)、白细胞介素4 (IL-4)、白细胞介素6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、IFN-γ含量显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。第60 d,试验Ⅱ组还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量极显著高于对照组及试验Ⅲ组(P<0.01)。与对照组和试验Ⅲ组相比,试验Ⅱ组免疫球蛋白A (IgA)、IgG、IL-4、IFN-γ含量极显著升高(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组IL-6含量显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05),IgA、IL-4含量显著或极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。第90 d,试验Ⅱ组IgA含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、IFN-γ含量显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。研究表明,中草药添加剂能够促进湖羊的生长,增强动物机体的抗氧化能力和免疫力,中草药添加剂的适宜添加量为0.025 g/kg。

老年早期非小细胞肺癌采用经皮微波凝固疗法后预后不良的影响因素分析

目的分析采用经皮微波凝固疗法(PMCT)预后不良的影响因素。方法选取2019年1月至2022年1月在江苏省徐州市第一人民医院治疗的老年早期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者85例,脱落7例,最终纳入78例患者行PMCT治疗,随访6个月,按照疗效分为预后良好组和预后不良组。收集并比较两组临床资料,包括性别、年龄、术前肺功能[肺活量(VC)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、最大通气量(MVV)]、系统免疫炎症营养指数(SII)、肿瘤原发位置、病理分型、病理分期、病灶直径、分化程度、术后化疗的情况,通过多因素logistic回归分析明确PMCT治疗老年早期NSCLC预后不良的危险因素。结果预后良好组69例,预后不良组9例。预后不良组年龄>70岁、SII>500、病理分期Ⅱ期、病灶直径>4 cm、分化程度低、术后未化疗的比重高于预后良好组,FEV1水平低于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄>70岁(OR=2.145,95%CI=1.143~4.025)、FEV1<81.67 L(OR=2.592,95%CI=1.263~5.319)、SII>500(OR=2.168,95%CI=1.250~3.760)、病理分期Ⅱ期(OR=3.421,95%CI=1.064~10.999)、病灶直径>4 cm(OR=2.538,95%CI=1.056~6.100)、分化程度低(OR=2.563,95%CI=1.243~5.285)、术后未化疗(OR=3.156,95%CI=1.319~7.551)是PMCT治疗后预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论年龄、FEV1、SII、病理分期、病灶直径、分化程度、术后是否接受化疗是PMCT治疗后预后不良的影响因素,可用于患者治疗后预后情况的预测。

万寿菊叶黄素对蛋鸡蛋品质、血清生化指标、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响

研究饲粮中添加万寿菊叶黄素(Marigold lutein)对蛋鸡蛋品质、血清生化、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。选取20~21周龄罗曼灰产蛋鸡432羽,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,另设阳性对照组,饲喂添加800 mg/kg万寿菊叶黄素的饲粮,命名为LDE-800组;其余4组为试验组,饲粮中分别添加200、400、800 mg/kg和1 600 mg/kg的万寿菊叶黄素分别命名为CG-200、CG-400、CG-800、CG-1600组。预试7 d,正试期56 d。于试验第28天和第56天测定蛋品质,在试验第56天采血测定免疫指标、抗氧化能力和血清生化指标。结果表明:(1)在蛋品质方面,在试验第28天时除CG-200组外其他试验组和阳性对照组的蛋黄颜色均显著提高,试验56 d时所有试验组和阳性对照组的蛋黄颜色均显著提高,但万寿菊叶黄素对其他蛋品质指标均无显著影响。(2)在血清生化方面,CG-1600组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的含量显著增加(P<0.05),谷草转氨酶(AST)的活性也显著增加(P<0.05);CG-200组的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性则显著降低(P<0.05)。(3)在免疫功能方面,CG-200组和阳性对照组的蛋鸡血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量有显著提高(P<0.05);CG-400、CG-1600组和阳性对照组的蛋鸡血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量显著提高(P<0.05);CG-800、CG-1600组和阳性对照组蛋鸡血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著提高(P<0.05);CG-200组的蛋鸡血清白介素10(IL-10)含量显著提高(P<0.05),阳性对照组蛋鸡血清干扰素γ(INF-γ)含量有显著提高。(4)在抗氧化能力方面,CG-400组血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);CG-400、CG-800组血清中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著增强(P<0.05);CG-800、CG-1600组和阳性对照组血清中总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著增强(P<0.05);所有剂量组均对血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加适量的万寿菊叶黄素能够显著改善蛋黄颜色,并能增强机体的免疫功能及抗氧化能力。

菌草灵芝多糖肽对闽西南黑兔生长性能、血液生化指标及免疫机能的影响

【目的】研究日粮中添加菌草灵芝多糖肽(JCGLPP)对闽西南黑兔生长性能、血液生化指标及免疫功能的影响,为JCGLPP在肉兔中的应用提供依据。【方法】选取(33±2)d、初始体质量(655.65±25.90)g、健康状况良好的断奶闽西南黑兔公兔100只,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加50,100和150 mg/kg JCGLPP的日粮,56 d后统计腹泻率和死亡率,测算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)以及料重比(F/G);屠宰后取背腰最长肌,测定pH值、滴水损失率和剪切力;采集血清,测定总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)质量浓度,尿素氮(UN)、丙二醛(MDA)浓度,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性以及IgG、IgA、IgM和IL-6质量浓度;计算心脏、肝脏、肾脏、圆小囊、脾脏、胸腺和蚓突器官指数;测定十二指肠、空肠、回肠黏膜炎性因子IL-1α、IL-2和分泌型免疫球蛋白(sIgA)质量浓度及肠道淀粉酶、纤维素酶和胰蛋白酶活性。【结果】①各组间兔的终末体质量、平均日增重、平均采食量和料重比均无显著差异(P>0.05);对照组兔的腹泻率和死亡率最高,Ⅱ组兔的腹泻率显著低于对照(P<0.05)。②试验组兔肌肉的pH、滴水损失和剪切力均与对照无显著差异(P>0.05)。③Ⅱ组兔血液中的TP、ALB质量浓度及SOD、GSH-Px活性显著高于对照(P<0.05),而UN和MDA浓度显著低于对照(P<0.05)。④Ⅱ组兔血液中的IgG、IgA、IgM质量浓度均显著高于对照(P<0.05),而IL-6质量浓度各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。⑤各组兔免疫器官指数差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验组兔十二指肠、空肠、回肠IL-1α、IL-2和sIgA质量浓度大多显著高于对照(P<0.05),肠道淀粉酶活性均显著低于对照(P<0.05),Ⅰ组兔的肠道纤维素酶和胰蛋白酶活性、Ⅱ组兔的肠道胰蛋白酶活性显著高于对照(P<0.05)。【结论】JCGLPP对闽西南黑兔的促生长作用不明显,但能提高机体的抗氧化和免疫能力,降低腹泻率和死亡率,添加量以100 mg/kg为宜。

发酵中草药对育肥猪生长性能、血液生化指标及免疫机能的影响

为研究日粮中添加发酵中草药(黄芪、板蓝根、大枣、党参、石榴皮、连翘、黄芩)对育肥猪临床表现、生产性能、血液生化指标等的影响,试验将32头100日龄、体重为(48±1)kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交育肥猪随机均分为4组,包括对照组(饲喂基础日粮)、低剂量组(饲喂基础日粮+0.5%发酵中草药)、中剂量组(饲喂基础日粮+1%发酵中草药)和高剂量组(饲喂基础日粮+2%发酵中草药),试验周期为35 d,试验期间监测受试猪只精神状态、腹泻情况、体温、生产性能、栏舍氨气含量,试验后采集受试猪只血液用于测定血液常规和生化指标。结果表明:试验组猪只饲喂发酵中草药后精神状态、体温无明显异常(P>0.05),发酵中草药能够一定程度改善猪只腹泻和生产性能,尤其是中剂量组增重相比于对照组增加5.97 kg,提升26.49%(P<0.01),采食量相比于对照组多11.90 kg,提升了20.55%,差异极显著(P<0.01),且料肉比降低0.12(P<0.05)。栏舍氨气监测结果显示,发酵中草药连续使用28 d后,栏舍氨气含量相比于对照组下降1.48 ppm,降幅为26.24%(P<0.01);血常规检测结果显示,试验组白细胞数、淋巴细胞数、中间细胞数、粒细胞数以及血小板计数无明显变化(P>0.05),试验组相比于对照组红细胞数有轻微提升(P>0.05),低、中、高试验组猪只血液中血红蛋白含量显著提高20.49 g/L(17.22%)、24.01 g/L(20.18%)、25.48 g/L(21.41%)(P<0.01);血液生化检测结果显示,试验组谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、肌酐、尿素氮、葡萄糖含量均无明显变化(P>0.05),而总蛋白和球蛋白含量相比于对照组呈现剂量依赖性增加,高剂量组相比于对照组分别提升5.11 g/L(9.94%)和5.56 g/L(17.14%),差异显著(P<0.05)。进一步ELISA检测结果显示,试验组IgA、IgG、IgM含量均显著上升(P<0.01),高剂量组相比于对照组分别增加248.50 mg/mL(38.37%)、7.25 mg/mL(105.99%)、146.29 mg/mL(24.68%),差异极显著(P<0.01),说明基础日粮中添加发酵中草药对猪只机体无明显不良影响,且能够提升猪只生产性能、降低栏舍氨气,同时改善机体免疫功能。

蒙医三种基本体质人群肠道菌群结构差异研究

通过对比蒙医三种基本体质人群的生理指标和肠道菌群结构差异,为蒙医三种基本体质判定和蒙医临床个体化治疗提供科学依据。以《额氏蒙医体质分类与判定评分表》判定三种蒙医基本体质人群并测量基本生理指标,同时,采用Ilumina NovaSeq测序方法对不同体质人群粪便进行16S rRNA检测,根据物种注释情况分析Alpha和Beta多样性以及组间差异,解释各体质之间的菌群差异。结果显示:巴达干组BMI值显著高于(P<0.05)赫依组和聚合型组;希拉组BMI值则显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。肠道菌群Alpha多样性和Beta多样性分析结果表明,三种基本体质及聚合型体质人群之间菌群结构存在显著差异。不同体质组间比较,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria),巨单胞菌属(Megamonas)、埃希氏菌-志贺氏菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)、普氏菌属(Prevotella)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)等在不同体质人群中存在显著差异。该差异菌群主要参与调节药物抵抗、脂肪代谢、碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢和免疫系统等生理功能。本研究首次证明不同蒙医体质人群肠道菌群结构存在显著差异,且与调节多种营养物质代谢、免疫功能和药物耐受等重要生理功能密切相关。该发现为蒙医体质科学判定和临床个体化用药提供科学依据。

香菇多糖对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究饲料中添加香菇多糖对黄羽肉鸡免疫功能及生长性能的影响。选取1日龄体重接近的黄羽肉鸡180只,随机分为6个组,每个组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。空白对照组:饲喂基础饲粮;25 mg/kg香菇多糖组:在基础饲粮中添加25 mg/kg的香菇多糖;50 mg/kg香菇多糖组:在基础饲粮中添加50 mg/kg香菇多糖;100 mg/kg香菇多糖组:在基础饲粮中添加100 mg/kg香菇多糖;150 mg/kg香菇多糖组:在基础饲粮中添加150 mg/kg香菇多糖;200 mg/kg香菇多糖组:在基础饲粮中添加200 mg/kg香菇多糖,试验期为42 d。结果表明,在饲料中连续14~42 d添加150~200 mg/kg的香菇多糖可以显著提高黄羽肉鸡血清一氧化氮(NO)、白介素-2(IL-2)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、溶菌酶(LZM)含量和免疫器官指数(P<0.05),在饲料中连续42 d添加50~150 mg/kg可显著提高黄羽肉鸡的平均日增重、特定生长率和饲料转化率(P<0.05)。综上,在饲料中添加适宜剂量的香菇多糖可以显著提高黄羽肉鸡血清NO、IL-2、IFN-γ、LZM含量和免疫器官指数,从而提高机体免疫功能;可显著提高黄羽肉鸡平均日增重、特定生长率和饲料转化率,从而改善生长性能,推荐添加剂量为150 mg/kg,推荐添加时间为42 d。

不同水平的蒲公英提取物对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及免疫力的影响

试验旨在研究不同水平的蒲公英提取物对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响。将2000只健康的1日龄的AA肉鸡分成4组,每组10个重复,每个重复50只肉鸡。各组肉鸡分别饲喂含有0(对照组)、0.1%、0.2%及0.4%的蒲公英提取物的试验饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,0.2%和0.4%的蒲公英提取物提高了肉鸡42日龄体重(P<0.05);22~42日龄,0.2%的蒲公英提取物提高了平均日增重(P<0.05),0.2%和0.4%的蒲公英提取物降低了料重比(P<0.05);1~42日龄,0.2%和0.4%的蒲公英提取物提高了平均日增重(P<0.05),0.2%的蒲公英提取物降低了料重比(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,0.2%和0.4%的蒲公英提取物提高了血清中总蛋白和白蛋白水平(P<0.05),降低了尿素氮、胆固醇和甘油三酯水平(P<0.05);0.2%的蒲公英提取物降低了谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,0.2%和0.4%的蒲公英提取物提高了肉鸡42日龄的脾脏指数、胸腺指数(P<0.05);0.1%、0.2%和0.4%的蒲公英提取物提高了新城疫抗体效价(P<0.05),0.2%和0.4%的蒲公英提取物提高了免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白A和免疫球蛋白G水平(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲粮中添加适量的蒲公英提取物可以提高肉鸡的生长性能及机体免疫力,改善部分血清生化指标,且蒲公英提取物的适宜添加水平为0.2%。