Dietary Supplementation of <i>κ</i>-Carrageenan to Improve the Physio-Chemical and Functional Properties of White Bread

Fiber intake improves gut health and prevents non-communicable diseases. The current study investigates the substitution of carrageenan in white bread and evaluates its effect on the physiochemical and structural characteristics of bread. The 100% wheat flour was used as control and the test sample contained 4% carrageenan. The physio-chemical analysis showed that carrageenan-substitution improved the hydration properties of the flour (WHC—1.33 g/g;SC—3.50 ml/g). Carrageen substituted bread had reduced the loaf volume. The fiber content in carrageenan-substituted bread was noticeably higher (9.4 g%) than control (3.5 g%). Crude lipid (4.6 g%) and protein (7.0 g%) content improved with carrageenan-substitution. The mineral contents (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Zn) were increased in carrageenan-breads. The texture profile analysis showed a decreased hardness (H1—92.3 N, H2—62.5 N) and improved springiness (5.3 mm) in carrageenan-bread.

Exploring Metal Based Nanoparticles for Boosting Plant Tolerance to Heavy Metals and Trace Element Contamination

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils is a significant challenge for global food production and human health with the increasing industrialization and urbanization.There is a concern about introducing innovative techni-ques that are eco-friendly,cost-effective,and have the potential to alleviate metals,enhance crop growth,and pro-tect plants against various environmental threats.For this,nanotechnology is one of the promising solutions having various applications in almost everyfield of life.This review explores various nano-based strategies that use nanoparticles(NPs)to lessen the harmful effects that heavy metals have on plants.Incorporated literature including published research and review papers from the year 2015 to 2023.This review paper gives a thorough review of the current situation regarding heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils and how it affects plant health.The necessity offinding practical and eco-friendly ways to address these issues is emphasized,paving the way for the introduction of NPs.Then,it highlighted the mechanistic route of heavy metal toxicity alleviation in plants by their application as well as their long-term efficiency and prospects.This review also elaborated on var-ious synthesis methods(physical,chemical,and green),but the emphasis on the green synthesis of NPs by utiliz-ing plant extract offers dependable and sustainable benefits over traditional physicochemical techniques.Under trace element stress,NPs application enhances plant antioxidant defense system,ameliorating structural changes,immobilizing trace elements in growth media,and improving the physio-chemical properties of soil as well.How-ever,there are still numerous limitations present on how these materials are synthesized,applied,and appropri-ately absorbed by plant cells.It is recommended to promote and fund long-term research to assess the long-term effects of using NPs on plant development,soil health,and possible environmental repercussions.

夫妻个人特有财产问题探讨

2001年修正的婚姻法关于夫妻财产制的规定有了很大的跨越,专门规定了属于夫妻一方财产的情况,这对调整夫妻财产关系,保障婚姻家庭中个人的经济独立和调动个人的积极性发挥了重要作用。探究我国夫妻财产制的立法推进过程,分析夫妻个人特有财产存在的法理,界定我国夫妻个人特有财产范围,有助于区分夫妻个人财产特有和共有原则的确立。

Mg_2Sn的弹性性能和电子结构的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法来研究预测Mg2Sn合金相的弹性性能和电子结构。优化计算所得的晶胞参数与实验值符合很好,其负的形成焓表明Mg2Sn具有热力学稳定性。利用应变和应变能的函数关系以及Voigat-Reuss-Hill(VRH)近似法计算了弹性常数和弹性模量,结果表明Mg2Sn有优良的弹性行为。电子结构表明Mg2Sn中存在着Sn—Sn共价键,其在提高Mg2Sn的弹性性能中起着重要的作用。

黑小蜜蜂蜂蜜的理化性质、植物来源和抑菌活性研究

为评估黑小蜜蜂蜂蜜的理化性质和抑菌活性,本文用AOAC等方法测定黑小蜜蜂蜂蜜的理化指标、DNA高通量条形码法鉴定其植物来源,琼脂井扩散法评估其对金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC6538)、大肠杆菌(ATCC8739)和紫色色杆菌(ATCC12472)的抑菌活性。结果表明:同一时间地点收集的三个黑小蜜蜂蜂蜜的水分、灰分、pH、酸度、游离酸、内酯酸、葡萄糖、果糖、淀粉酶活性、5-羟甲基糠醛含量、电导率有明显差异,麦芽糖和蔗糖含量没有显著差异。各样品的植物来源种类和数量差异明显,三个蜂蜜样品没有共有植物来源,AAH1和AAH2仅有一种共有植物来源蓝花野茼蒿(Crassocephalum rubens),基因丰度分别为16.16%和4.15%,AAH1和AAH3仅有一种共有植物来源白饭树(Flueggea virosa),基因丰度分别为2.06%和31.32%。三个黑小蜜蜂蜂蜜中AAH3对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性最强,且优于麦卢卡蜂蜜;AAH3对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性与MH1蜂蜜无显著差异,且优于其他蜂蜜;AAH1对紫色杆菌的抑菌活性最强,但是弱于MH3、MH1蜂蜜。结论:黑小蜜蜂蜂蜜具有良好抑菌效果。研究结果可以为黑小蜜蜂蜂蜜的开发和利用提供理论依据。

氯磺化聚乙烯的γ-辐射交联

氯磺化聚乙烯（简称CSM）由于存在SO2Cl基团很容易通过金属氧化物进行化学交联,但至今未见其辐射交联的详细报道.本文探讨氯含量对CSM辐射交联的影响. 所用CSM系吉林化工公司产品:20型（含氯量29～33％,下同）,40型（33～37％）和30型（40～45％）.将CSM和防老D按一定比例混炼均匀,再在140℃左右热压成形.试样用3.33×1015Bg 60Co于室温限量空气下进行辐照.辐照过的试样于80℃处理2小时以消除俘陷自由基.在氮气保护下先后用二甲苯和无水乙醇,加热回流48小时和8小时,测定凝胶含量.

Groundwater Quality Analysis of Safidon and Julana Blocks of District Jind, Haryana, India

We present an extensive investigation of physico-chemical parameters of water samples of Julana and Safidon blocks of District Jind, Haryana, India. Water samples were collected from different localities in cleaned polythene bottles and were analyzed for the different physico-chemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), calcium, magnesium, total alkalinity (TA), carbonate, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulphate and fluoride. The analyzed parameters were compared with the standard desirable limits prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO), Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) standards of drinking water quality parameters. For the identification of the highly correlated and interrelated water quality parameters, the correlation coefficients were calculated between different parameters and the t-test was applied for checking significance. The results showed significant variations in water quality parameters in the study areas.

The adaptive significance of differences of root morphology, anatomy and physiology from three ecotypes of reed(Phragmites communis Trin.)

Reeds are widely distributed in drought and high salt conditions of northwestern China. Leaf epidermal micromorphology, anatomy, chloroplast ultrastructure and physio-chemical characteristics due to long-term adaptation in the natural habitats of common reed （Phragmites communis Trin.） contrasted considerably among three different ecotypes： dune reed （DR）, Gobi salt reed （GSR） and swamp reed （SR）. The main objective of the present study is to determine the adapting characteristics of morphology, anatomy and physiological responses of thin roots in DR, GSR and SR. The results show that root length density was higher in SR and few root hairs were observed in DR. Cross-section anatomical features show that each ecotype has an endodermis and exodermis, while cortex thickness and proportion of root cortical aerenchyma and stele in root structure varied among the three ecotypes. The stele and xylem share a larger area in DR compared to GSR and SR. GSR has a large proportion of the cortex with radialized distribution of aerenchyma cells spacing, and the cortex has a peripheral, mechanically stiff ring in the exodermis. SEM and TEM microscope images show that GSR has a scle- renchyma ring with high lignification in the exodermis. The physio-chemical parameters show that GSR had a higher level of stress tolerance than DR. These findings indicate that developed water-absorbing tissues were largely distributed in the root structure of DR, and a main framework with supporting function spacing with aerenchyma was dominant in GSR in the long term adaptation to their natural habitats, respectively.

Physio-chemical modeling of the NO_(x)-O_(3) photochemical cycle and the air pollutants’ reactive dispersion around an isolated building

A numerical physio-chemical model of the NO_(x)-O_(3) photochemical cycle in the near-wake region of an isolated residential/office building has been presented in this study.The investigation delves into the dispersion of reactive air pollutants through the lens of fluid phenomenology and its impact on chemical reactivity,formation,transport,deposition,and removal.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations were conducted for the ground-point-source(GES)and roof-pointsource(RES)scenarios.Results show that the Damköhler number(Da),which quantifies pollutants’physio-chemical timescales,displays a strong inverse proportionality with the magnitude and spread of NO–increasing Da reduces human exposure to the toxic NO and NO_(2) substantially.When different wind directions were considered,the dispersion range of NO exhibited varying shrinking directions as Da increased.Furthermore,as Da increases,the concentration ratio KNO_(2)/KNO_(x),which quantifies the production of NO_(2) resulting from NO depletion,forms sharp high-low gradients near emission sources.For GES,the dispersion pattern is governed by the fluid’s phenomenological features.For RES,the intoxicated area emanates from the building’s leading-edge,with the lack of shielding inhibiting pollutant interactions in the near-wake,resulting in scant physio-chemical coupling.The NO_(2)/NO_(x) distribution follows a self-similar,stratified pattern,exhibiting consistent layering gradients and attributing to the natural deposition of the already-reacted pollutants rather than in-situ reactions.In the end,building design guidelines have been proposed to reduce pedestrian and resident exposure to NO_(x)-O_(3).

Evaluation on Soil Improvement Effects of Organic Fertilization in Honey Peach Orchard in the Longquan Mountain

Combined application of organic fertilizer is an effective measure to improve the productivity and ecological effect of newly added soil.However,the effect of organic fertilizer application in newly added orchard soil is not clear.In this project,the soil of newly built peach orchard in the Longquan Mountain of Chengdu was applied with 45 t/hm 2 of organic fertilizer.After 9 months of planting 6 varieties of honey peach(Wanhujing,Baifeng,Zhongtao 13,Huangjinmitao 1,Zhongpan 101,Zhongpan 104),the locally well developed peach orchard was taken as the control.The physical and chemical properties of soil from four topography(top slope,middle slope,lower slope and flat land)of newly built peach orchard were analyzed,and the effect of organic fertilizer on soil was evaluated.The results showed that combined application of organic fertilizer had different effects on soils from orchards with different varieties of peach and from different terrain parts of the same peach variety.Specifically,it had the best effect on soil improvement in Baifeng(local variety),Zhongpan 101 and Zhongpan 104(introduced varieties).Meanwhile,the best effect of soil improvement was found on top slope.Cluster analysis divided newly built peach orchards,uncultivated soil,and locally well developed peach orchard into four groups,indicating that the selected amount of organic fertilizer application in this study has improved the soil of peach orchards to some extent,but it was still necessary to increase the application amount.It was better for 54 t/hm 2 amount of organic fertilization on the part of top and middle slope,and 60 t/hm 2 on the lower slope and flat land.The comprehensive ecological benefit assessment of organic fertilizer should be conducted based on long-term monitoring of peach orchard ecological environment,fruit tree growth,fruit yield and quality,which would provide scientific basis for peach orchard production and management.

New insights into the evaluation of anaerobic properties of sludge:Biodegradability and stabilization

Evaluating anaerobic biodegradability of sludge and then identifying the stabilization of digestate is necessary in sludge treatment and disposal.48 sludge samples from 24 typical waste water treatment plants(WWTPs)in 11 provinces in China were selected to investigate the relationship between Biochemical Acidogenic Potential(BAP)test and Biochemical Methane Potential(BMP)test.The volatile fatty acid(VFA)production obtained from BAP tests was found linearly related to the ultimate methane production from corresponding BMP tests.Satisfying results were obtained with Pearson correlation coefficient as 0.929 and R^2 value as 0.76.Furthermore,the physio-chemical characteristics(FCI,SUVA254,E 4/E 6)of supernatant,which were associated with humic-like substances(HS),were investigated before and after BMP tests.Through which a new criterion(FCI>1.50,SUVA 254>1.10,E 4/E 6<4.0)was proposed to evaluate the stabilization level of anaerobic digested sludge.