Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are two closely correlated processes during bone growth, development, remodelling and repair. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） is an essential mediator during the process of an...Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are two closely correlated processes during bone growth, development, remodelling and repair. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） is an essential mediator during the process of angiogenesis. Based on an extensive literature search, which was carried out using the PubMed database and the keywords of osteogenesis, VEGF, endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification, this manuscript reviews the role of VEGF in ossification, with emphasis on its effect in endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are closely correlated processes. VEGF acts as an essential mediator durin~ these processes. It not only functions in bone an^io^enesis but also in various aspects of bone develooment.展开更多
Background: Chondrocytes in the growth plate(GP) undergo increases in volume during different cascades of cell differentiation during longitudinal bone growth. The volume increase is reported to be the most significan...Background: Chondrocytes in the growth plate(GP) undergo increases in volume during different cascades of cell differentiation during longitudinal bone growth. The volume increase is reported to be the most significant variable in understanding the mechanism of long bone growth.Methods: Forty-five postnatal Sprague-Dawley rat pups, 7-15 days old were divided into nine age groups(P7-P15). Five pups were allocated to each group. The rats were sacrificed and tibia and metatarsal bones were harvested. Bone lengths were measured after 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours of ex vivo incubation. Histology of bones was carried out, and GP lengths and chondrocyte densities were determined.Results: There were significant differences in bone length among the age groups after 0 and 72 hours of incubation. Histological sectioning was possible in metatarsal bone from all age groups, and in tibia from 7-to 13-day-old rats. No significant differences in tibia and metatarsal GP lengths were seen among different age groups at 0 and 72 hours of incubation. Significant differences in chondrocyte densities along the epiphyseal GP of the bones between 0 and 72 hours of incubation were observed in most of the age groups.Conclusion: Ex vivo growth of tibia and metatarsal bones of rats aged 7-15 days old is possible, with percentage growth rates of 23.87 ± 0.80% and 40.38 ± 0.95%measured in tibia and metatarsal bone, respectively. Histological sectioning of bones was carried out without the need for decalcification in P7-P13 tibia and P7-P15 metatarsal bone. Increases in chondrocyte density along the GP influence overall bone elongation.展开更多
Tissue-resident stem cells are essential for development and repair,and in the skeleton,this function is fulfilled by recently identified skeletal stem cells(SSCs).However,recent work has identified that SSCs are not ...Tissue-resident stem cells are essential for development and repair,and in the skeleton,this function is fulfilled by recently identified skeletal stem cells(SSCs).However,recent work has identified that SSCs are not monolithic,with long bones,craniofacial sites,and the spine being formed by distinct stem cells.Recent studies have utilized techniques such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting,lineage tracing,and single-cell sequencing to investigate the involvement of ssCs in bone development,homeostasis,and disease.These investigations have allowed researchers to map the lineage commitment trajectory of ssCs in different parts of the body and at different time points.Furthermore,recent studies have shed light on the characteristics of ssCs in both physiological and pathological conditions.This review focuses on discussing the spatiotemporal distribution of ssCs and enhancing our understanding of the diversity and plasticity of ssCs by summarizing recent discoveries.展开更多
文摘Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are two closely correlated processes during bone growth, development, remodelling and repair. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） is an essential mediator during the process of angiogenesis. Based on an extensive literature search, which was carried out using the PubMed database and the keywords of osteogenesis, VEGF, endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification, this manuscript reviews the role of VEGF in ossification, with emphasis on its effect in endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are closely correlated processes. VEGF acts as an essential mediator durin~ these processes. It not only functions in bone an^io^enesis but also in various aspects of bone develooment.
基金Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia,Grant/Award Number:FRGS/1/2012/SGO5/UPM/02/9
文摘Background: Chondrocytes in the growth plate(GP) undergo increases in volume during different cascades of cell differentiation during longitudinal bone growth. The volume increase is reported to be the most significant variable in understanding the mechanism of long bone growth.Methods: Forty-five postnatal Sprague-Dawley rat pups, 7-15 days old were divided into nine age groups(P7-P15). Five pups were allocated to each group. The rats were sacrificed and tibia and metatarsal bones were harvested. Bone lengths were measured after 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours of ex vivo incubation. Histology of bones was carried out, and GP lengths and chondrocyte densities were determined.Results: There were significant differences in bone length among the age groups after 0 and 72 hours of incubation. Histological sectioning was possible in metatarsal bone from all age groups, and in tibia from 7-to 13-day-old rats. No significant differences in tibia and metatarsal GP lengths were seen among different age groups at 0 and 72 hours of incubation. Significant differences in chondrocyte densities along the epiphyseal GP of the bones between 0 and 72 hours of incubation were observed in most of the age groups.Conclusion: Ex vivo growth of tibia and metatarsal bones of rats aged 7-15 days old is possible, with percentage growth rates of 23.87 ± 0.80% and 40.38 ± 0.95%measured in tibia and metatarsal bone, respectively. Histological sectioning of bones was carried out without the need for decalcification in P7-P13 tibia and P7-P15 metatarsal bone. Increases in chondrocyte density along the GP influence overall bone elongation.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.82372362,81972034,92068104 to Ren Xu and 82002262 to Na Li)National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0112900 to Ren Xu)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J06003 to Ren Xu)Project of Xiarmen Cell Therapy Research,Xiamen,Fujian,China(3502Z20214001)supported by a Pershing Square MIND Prize award,an Irma T.Hirschl Career Scientist Award,an NIH award RO1AR075585,a Career Award for Medical Scientists from the Burroughs Welcome Foundation,a William Rhodes and Louise Tilzer-Rhodes Center for Glioblastoma research award,and a Weill Comell Medicine Prostate Cancer SPORE Developmental Research Program Award。
文摘Tissue-resident stem cells are essential for development and repair,and in the skeleton,this function is fulfilled by recently identified skeletal stem cells(SSCs).However,recent work has identified that SSCs are not monolithic,with long bones,craniofacial sites,and the spine being formed by distinct stem cells.Recent studies have utilized techniques such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting,lineage tracing,and single-cell sequencing to investigate the involvement of ssCs in bone development,homeostasis,and disease.These investigations have allowed researchers to map the lineage commitment trajectory of ssCs in different parts of the body and at different time points.Furthermore,recent studies have shed light on the characteristics of ssCs in both physiological and pathological conditions.This review focuses on discussing the spatiotemporal distribution of ssCs and enhancing our understanding of the diversity and plasticity of ssCs by summarizing recent discoveries.
