Small RNAs are non-coding RNA molecules with 20-30 nucleotides （nt） in length that mainly play regulatory roles in gene expression at the post-transcription level by directly cutting target mRNA or inhibiting its tr...Small RNAs are non-coding RNA molecules with 20-30 nucleotides （nt） in length that mainly play regulatory roles in gene expression at the post-transcription level by directly cutting target mRNA or inhibiting its translation. Small RNAs play regulatory roles in the growth and development process of plants at the core of gene regulatory networks, which has been widely studied and confirmed in sporophyte generation of plants. However, few researches have been conducted on small RNAs and gametophyte generation. It is reported that small RNAs play important roles in floral organ development, gametogenesis, fertilization, and early zygotic development of plants. In addition, various small RNAs also play roles in controlling genetic integrity, cell differentiation and functions during the sexual reproduction process of plants. However, most of the specific functions of small RNAs in the sexual reproduction process are unknown yet. This study mainly aimed to introduce small RNAs in plants, summarize the latest advances in researches of small RNAs and plant sexual reproduction, and make prospect on its future.展开更多
The mammalian epididymis not only plays a fun dame ntal role in the maturati on of spermatozoa,but also provides protecti on agai nst various stressors.The foremost among these is the threat posed by oxidative stress,...The mammalian epididymis not only plays a fun dame ntal role in the maturati on of spermatozoa,but also provides protecti on agai nst various stressors.The foremost among these is the threat posed by oxidative stress,which arises from an imbalance in reactive oxygen species and can elicit damage to cellular lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids.In mice,the risk of oxidative damage to spermatozoa is mitigated through the expression and secretion of glutathione peroxidase 5(GPX5)as a major luminal scavenger in the proximal caput epididymidal segment.Accordingly,the loss of GPX5^-/-mediated protection leads to impaired DNA integrity in the spermatozoa of aged Gpx57 mice.To explore the underlying mechanism,we have conducted transcriptomic analysis of caput epididymidal epithelial cells from aged(13 months old)Gpx5^-/-m mice.This analysis revealed the dysregulation of several thousand epididymal mRNA transcripts,in eluding the downregulation of a subgroup of piRNA pathway gen es,in aged Gpx5^-/-mice.In agreeme nt with these fin dings,we also observed the loss of piRNAs,which potentially bind to the P-element-induced wimpy testis(PlWI)-like proteins PIWIL1 and PIWIL2.The absence of these piRNAs was correlated with the elevated mRNA levels of their putative gene targets in the caput epididymidis of Gpx5^-/-mice.Importantly,the oxidative stress response genes tend to have more targeting piRNAs,and many of them were among the top increased genes upon the loss of GPX5^-/-.Taken together,our findings suggest the existence of a previously uncharacterized somatic piRNA pathway in the mammalian epididymis and its possible invoIvement in the aging and oxidative stress-mediated responses.展开更多
Human rhinovirus(HRV)is one of the most important cold-causing pathogens in humans.Piwi-interacting RNAs(piRNAs)are a recently discovered class of small non-coding RNAs whose best-understood function is to repress mob...Human rhinovirus(HRV)is one of the most important cold-causing pathogens in humans.Piwi-interacting RNAs(piRNAs)are a recently discovered class of small non-coding RNAs whose best-understood function is to repress mobile element(ME)activity in animal germline.However,the profile of human/host piRNA during HRV infection is largely unknown.Here we performed high-throughput sequencing of piRNAs from H1-HeLa cells infected with HRV16 at 12 h,24 h,and 36 h.The results showed that 22,151,664,24,362,486 and 22,726,546 piRNAs displayed differential expression after HRV16 infection for three time points.A significant differential expression of 21 piRNAs was found in all time points and further verified by RT-qPCR,including 7 known piRNAs and 14 newly found piRNAs.In addition,piRNA prediction was performed on Piano using the SVM algorithm and transposon information.It found that novel_pir78110,novel_pir78107,novel_pir78097,novel_pir78094 and novel_pir76584 are associated with the DNA/hobo of Drosophila,Ac of maize and Tam3 of snapdragon(hAT)-Charlie transposon.The novel_pir97924,novel_pir105705 and novel_pir105700 recognize long interspersed nuclear elements 1(LINE-1).The novel_pir33182 and novel_pir46604 are related to the long terminal repeat(LTR)/(Endogenous Retrovirus1)ERV1 repetitive element.The novel_pir73855 is related to the LTR/ERVK repetitive element.Both novel_pir70108 and novel_pir70106 are associated with the LTR/ERVL-MaLR repetitive element.The novel_pir15900 is associated with the DNA/hAT-Tip100 repetitive element.Overall,our results indicated that rhinovirus infection could reduce the expression of some piRNAs to facilitate upregulation of LINE-1 transcription or retrotransposons'expression,which is helpful to further explore the mechanism of rhinovirus infection.展开更多
微RNA(microRNA,miRNA)和Piwi作用RNA(Piwi-interacting RNA,piRNA)是动物体内具有重要调控作用的两类内源小RNA分子。最近科学家相继从动物体细胞和生殖细胞中发现了一种新型内源小RNA——内源干扰小RNA(endogenous small interfering ...微RNA(microRNA,miRNA)和Piwi作用RNA(Piwi-interacting RNA,piRNA)是动物体内具有重要调控作用的两类内源小RNA分子。最近科学家相继从动物体细胞和生殖细胞中发现了一种新型内源小RNA——内源干扰小RNA(endogenous small interfering RNA,endo-siRNA)。研究表明endo-siRNA分子在结构、分布及其功能上均与miRNA和piRNA分子存在着显著的异同点。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30971986)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20110182110013)Doctoral Fund of Southwestern University(SWU111016)~~
文摘Small RNAs are non-coding RNA molecules with 20-30 nucleotides （nt） in length that mainly play regulatory roles in gene expression at the post-transcription level by directly cutting target mRNA or inhibiting its translation. Small RNAs play regulatory roles in the growth and development process of plants at the core of gene regulatory networks, which has been widely studied and confirmed in sporophyte generation of plants. However, few researches have been conducted on small RNAs and gametophyte generation. It is reported that small RNAs play important roles in floral organ development, gametogenesis, fertilization, and early zygotic development of plants. In addition, various small RNAs also play roles in controlling genetic integrity, cell differentiation and functions during the sexual reproduction process of plants. However, most of the specific functions of small RNAs in the sexual reproduction process are unknown yet. This study mainly aimed to introduce small RNAs in plants, summarize the latest advances in researches of small RNAs and plant sexual reproduction, and make prospect on its future.
基金This research was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB943103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31471104,No.31671203,No.31301225,No.31301226,No.31701119,and No.31571192)and was partly realized under the frame of the France-China scientific exchange programs"Xu Guangqi"and"Cai Yuanpei"of the"Partenariat Hubert CurienM attributed to J RD and YLZ The authors thank Prof.Winnie Wai Chi Shum,Prof.Xiaodong Sun,Ms.Aihua Liu,Dr.Chaobao Zhang,Dr.Zhen Lin,Dr.Xueting Luo,and the Bio-Med Big Data Center,CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,and Chinese Academy of Sciences for their kind support.
文摘The mammalian epididymis not only plays a fun dame ntal role in the maturati on of spermatozoa,but also provides protecti on agai nst various stressors.The foremost among these is the threat posed by oxidative stress,which arises from an imbalance in reactive oxygen species and can elicit damage to cellular lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids.In mice,the risk of oxidative damage to spermatozoa is mitigated through the expression and secretion of glutathione peroxidase 5(GPX5)as a major luminal scavenger in the proximal caput epididymidal segment.Accordingly,the loss of GPX5^-/-mediated protection leads to impaired DNA integrity in the spermatozoa of aged Gpx57 mice.To explore the underlying mechanism,we have conducted transcriptomic analysis of caput epididymidal epithelial cells from aged(13 months old)Gpx5^-/-m mice.This analysis revealed the dysregulation of several thousand epididymal mRNA transcripts,in eluding the downregulation of a subgroup of piRNA pathway gen es,in aged Gpx5^-/-mice.In agreeme nt with these fin dings,we also observed the loss of piRNAs,which potentially bind to the P-element-induced wimpy testis(PlWI)-like proteins PIWIL1 and PIWIL2.The absence of these piRNAs was correlated with the elevated mRNA levels of their putative gene targets in the caput epididymidis of Gpx5^-/-mice.Importantly,the oxidative stress response genes tend to have more targeting piRNAs,and many of them were among the top increased genes upon the loss of GPX5^-/-.Taken together,our findings suggest the existence of a previously uncharacterized somatic piRNA pathway in the mammalian epididymis and its possible invoIvement in the aging and oxidative stress-mediated responses.
基金This work was supported by the China MegaProject for Infectious Disease(2018ZX10102001,2018ZX10711001,2018ZX10734401 and 2018ZX10734404)the SKLID Development Grant(2011SKLID104).
文摘Human rhinovirus(HRV)is one of the most important cold-causing pathogens in humans.Piwi-interacting RNAs(piRNAs)are a recently discovered class of small non-coding RNAs whose best-understood function is to repress mobile element(ME)activity in animal germline.However,the profile of human/host piRNA during HRV infection is largely unknown.Here we performed high-throughput sequencing of piRNAs from H1-HeLa cells infected with HRV16 at 12 h,24 h,and 36 h.The results showed that 22,151,664,24,362,486 and 22,726,546 piRNAs displayed differential expression after HRV16 infection for three time points.A significant differential expression of 21 piRNAs was found in all time points and further verified by RT-qPCR,including 7 known piRNAs and 14 newly found piRNAs.In addition,piRNA prediction was performed on Piano using the SVM algorithm and transposon information.It found that novel_pir78110,novel_pir78107,novel_pir78097,novel_pir78094 and novel_pir76584 are associated with the DNA/hobo of Drosophila,Ac of maize and Tam3 of snapdragon(hAT)-Charlie transposon.The novel_pir97924,novel_pir105705 and novel_pir105700 recognize long interspersed nuclear elements 1(LINE-1).The novel_pir33182 and novel_pir46604 are related to the long terminal repeat(LTR)/(Endogenous Retrovirus1)ERV1 repetitive element.The novel_pir73855 is related to the LTR/ERVK repetitive element.Both novel_pir70108 and novel_pir70106 are associated with the LTR/ERVL-MaLR repetitive element.The novel_pir15900 is associated with the DNA/hAT-Tip100 repetitive element.Overall,our results indicated that rhinovirus infection could reduce the expression of some piRNAs to facilitate upregulation of LINE-1 transcription or retrotransposons'expression,which is helpful to further explore the mechanism of rhinovirus infection.
文摘微RNA(microRNA,miRNA)和Piwi作用RNA(Piwi-interacting RNA,piRNA)是动物体内具有重要调控作用的两类内源小RNA分子。最近科学家相继从动物体细胞和生殖细胞中发现了一种新型内源小RNA——内源干扰小RNA(endogenous small interfering RNA,endo-siRNA)。研究表明endo-siRNA分子在结构、分布及其功能上均与miRNA和piRNA分子存在着显著的异同点。
