Indirect methods to detect and evaluate inclusions in steel are extensively reviewed, which include total oxygen content measurement, nitrogen pickup, steel and slag composition measurement, lining refractory observat...Indirect methods to detect and evaluate inclusions in steel are extensively reviewed, which include total oxygen content measurement, nitrogen pickup, steel and slag composition measurement, lining refractory observation, tracer studies of determining exogenous inclusions from slag and lining erosion, SEN clogging and final prod- uct tests. There is no single ideal method of detecting and evaluating inclusions in steel, so it is better to use several methods simultaneously to give a more accurate evaluation. Total oxygen content and nitrogen pickup in low carbon aluminum-killed steel as criterion of clean steel in many plants are summarized.展开更多
针对人工势场(Artificial Potential Field,APF)法对机械手进行路径规划时存在的问题,提出了关节空间APF自适应变步长和目标偏置的快速扩展随机树(Rapidly-exploring Random Tree,RRT)相结合的方法。在关节空间中进行APF法路径规划,减...针对人工势场(Artificial Potential Field,APF)法对机械手进行路径规划时存在的问题,提出了关节空间APF自适应变步长和目标偏置的快速扩展随机树(Rapidly-exploring Random Tree,RRT)相结合的方法。在关节空间中进行APF法路径规划,减少逆向运动学次数和关节角突变;通过改进斥力和引力势场函数,解决APF法中碰撞和目标不可达问题;采用柯西概率分布,根据末端点与障碍物的距离来改变关节角步长;通过调节RRT算法的目标偏置值,产生合适临时目标点,从而解决APF法局部极小值问题。在APF法存在局部极小值情况下进行机械臂避障仿真,结果表明,自适应变步长路径规划能够生成平滑轨迹并能提高搜索效率,目标偏置RRT选取临时目标点后整体路径长度变短。捡拾机械手在该改进算法下能够有效实现避障拾取任务需求。展开更多
研究绿色同时取送货车辆调度问题,提出改进的遗传禁忌搜索算法(Genetic Algorithm with Tabu Search,GA-TS)求解该问题。模型中,以服务成本、油耗成本和碳排放成本构成的总成本最小为目标,采用了综合模型计算油耗和碳排放成本,引入三角...研究绿色同时取送货车辆调度问题,提出改进的遗传禁忌搜索算法(Genetic Algorithm with Tabu Search,GA-TS)求解该问题。模型中,以服务成本、油耗成本和碳排放成本构成的总成本最小为目标,采用了综合模型计算油耗和碳排放成本,引入三角模糊数来描述客户需求的不确定性,并考虑同时取送货需求。在改进的GA-TS算法中,将惩罚因子引入适应度函数,采用结合精英策略的选择算子,提出结合禁忌搜索算法的变异算子。在案例分析中,采用田口分析法获取合理的参数设置,通过案例结果分析和算法对比分析验证模型和算法的有效性和先进性。展开更多
文摘Indirect methods to detect and evaluate inclusions in steel are extensively reviewed, which include total oxygen content measurement, nitrogen pickup, steel and slag composition measurement, lining refractory observation, tracer studies of determining exogenous inclusions from slag and lining erosion, SEN clogging and final prod- uct tests. There is no single ideal method of detecting and evaluating inclusions in steel, so it is better to use several methods simultaneously to give a more accurate evaluation. Total oxygen content and nitrogen pickup in low carbon aluminum-killed steel as criterion of clean steel in many plants are summarized.
文摘针对人工势场(Artificial Potential Field,APF)法对机械手进行路径规划时存在的问题,提出了关节空间APF自适应变步长和目标偏置的快速扩展随机树(Rapidly-exploring Random Tree,RRT)相结合的方法。在关节空间中进行APF法路径规划,减少逆向运动学次数和关节角突变;通过改进斥力和引力势场函数,解决APF法中碰撞和目标不可达问题;采用柯西概率分布,根据末端点与障碍物的距离来改变关节角步长;通过调节RRT算法的目标偏置值,产生合适临时目标点,从而解决APF法局部极小值问题。在APF法存在局部极小值情况下进行机械臂避障仿真,结果表明,自适应变步长路径规划能够生成平滑轨迹并能提高搜索效率,目标偏置RRT选取临时目标点后整体路径长度变短。捡拾机械手在该改进算法下能够有效实现避障拾取任务需求。
文摘研究绿色同时取送货车辆调度问题,提出改进的遗传禁忌搜索算法(Genetic Algorithm with Tabu Search,GA-TS)求解该问题。模型中,以服务成本、油耗成本和碳排放成本构成的总成本最小为目标,采用了综合模型计算油耗和碳排放成本,引入三角模糊数来描述客户需求的不确定性,并考虑同时取送货需求。在改进的GA-TS算法中,将惩罚因子引入适应度函数,采用结合精英策略的选择算子,提出结合禁忌搜索算法的变异算子。在案例分析中,采用田口分析法获取合理的参数设置,通过案例结果分析和算法对比分析验证模型和算法的有效性和先进性。